1、专题能力提升练 八主旨大意题限时25分钟1(2018合肥二模)Susan Brownell Anthony was a lady ahead of her time. She fought for womens rights long before they became a popular issue. Susan was born on February 15, 1820, in Adams, Massachusetts. At that time, women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a m
2、arried woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote. At the age of 15, Susan became a schoolteacher. She taught for 15 years. Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women. She helped gain be
3、tter educational rights for women. She helped give married women possession of their earnings. After the Civil War, Susan became very involved in the womens suffrage movement. After years of lecturing, writing, and appealing by Susan and other women, some parts of the United States changed their law
4、s to give women the right to vote. The first state was Wyoming in 1869. Other areas and states gradually followed Wyomings decision. It was not until 1920 that the U. S. Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights. Susan Brownell Anthony died in 1906 at the age of 86. She was elected to
5、 the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1950. She was the first American woman to have a likeness (肖像) of her face on a coin. It was the 1979 Susan Brownell Anthony dollar. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她努力为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。1. What was the situation of American women like when Su
6、san was born? A. They had low social status. B. They could vote after getting married. C. They managed money for their husbands. D. They were responsible for decision-making. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At that time, women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a married woman belonge
7、d to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote. ”可知, 在那时, 女性没有什么权利, 地位是低下的, 故A项正确。B、C和D项均与此表述不符。2. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. Susans teaching experiences. B. Susans educational background. C. Susans efforts to abolish slavery. D.
8、 Susans fighting for womens causes. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读第三段尤其是“Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women”. 可知, 本段主要讲述Susan Brownell Anthony为争取女权而斗争的情况, 故D项正确。【误区警示】干扰项分析: A项仅为细节之一, 无法概括该段大意; B项文中没有提及; 根据第三段的“Then she began organizing womens groups to promote c
9、auses that were important to women. ”可知, Susan Brownell Anthony为争取女权而斗争, 而不是为废除奴隶制而斗争, 故C项错误。3. What does the word “decision” in the fourth paragraph refer to? A. Promoting the social movement. B. Changing the U. S. Constitution. C. Giving women voting rights. D. Uniting other areas and states. 【解析】
10、选C。词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote”可知, 在Susan Brownell Anthony的努力下, 美国一些地区修改了法律, 给了妇女投票权; 结合该段第三、四句“The first state was Wyoming in 1869. Other areas and states gradually followed Wyomings decision. ”可以判断, 画线词指代“给妇女投票权”这一决定, 故C项正确。4.
11、 What may be the best title for the text? A. The first American woman to invent coinsB. The problem of womens rights in the U. S. C. The most popular women organizationsD. A pioneer in fighting for womens rights【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。据此可知D项
12、最适合作文章标题。【长难句分析】Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women. 分析: 该句为主从复合句, 句中that were important to women为that引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词causes。翻译: 随后她开始组织妇女群体加速实现对妇女来说重要的目标。2Eight years ago, on April 14th, 2010, my entire life changed in an instant. One moment I was jo
13、yfully riding through the sunshine. The next moment, metal, flesh and bones were spreading against the pavement in a thunderous crash. Another cyclist, biking carelessly, had cut me off and sent me supermanning toward oncoming traffic. As if to symbolize the accident that had hit my life, another di
14、saster also occurred on April 14th, 2010. It cost the airline industry $1. 7 billion. Ten million travelers were stuck for days. Economics all over the world were disturbed. This was the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull, one of Icelands many volcanoes. However, volcanoes are not all bad. In fact, they a
15、re necessary. They are responsible for the birth of new earth, and for the creation of rich soil. This eruption gave off 0. 15 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere daily. But cancelling 48% of the worlds flight travel saved about 2. 8 million tons of CO2 from entering the atmosphere, t
16、emporarily decreasing our carbon footprint. Similarly, the accident had badly affected my emotion but it also allowed me to look more closely inside myself and discover things about myself I would never have realized. I learned how not to judge myself for my new limitations. In 1973, another Iceland
17、ic volcano, Eldfell, broke out. Icelanders decided to bomb it with cold water until it froze and chose a different path. After their plan worked, they used the geothermal (地热的) energy for the next 15 years to heat their homes. A good example of life bringing lemons, and making lemonade! One must mov
18、e on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future. I ran from April 14th, 2010, to every kind of escape. Eventually I ended up in university for a new-found love in Earth sciences. 【文章大意】作者把自己遭遇突发事件和火山爆发这种自然灾害进行类比, 说明遭遇到不幸也有好处, 面对现实情况要乐观积极。5. What happened t
19、o the writer on April 14th, 2010? A. He was involved in a car crash. B. He was stuck in an Icelands airport. C. He witnessed a volcanic eruption. D. He was badly injured on a bike ride. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The next moment, metal. . . crash”和“Another cyclist, biking carelessly, had cut me off and se
20、nt me supermanning toward oncoming traffic”可知, 一个马虎的骑自行车的人撞到了作者, 作者遭遇了事故, 受伤严重, 故D项正确。【误区警示】干扰项分析: A项的car crash和原文不一致; B、C两项都不是发生在作者身上的事情。6. Which was an effect of the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull? A. The economy was cost globally by the eruption. B. Carbon dioxide increased temporarily. C. Most of
21、the worlds planes were held up. D. The earth in Iceland was terribly polluted. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Economics all over the world were disturbed. ”可知, 艾雅法拉火山爆发后, 全世界的经济都受到了干扰, 即火山的爆发使全球经济受损, 故A项正确。【误区警示】干扰项分析: B项和文章第三段中的“saved about. . . temporarily decreasing our carbon footprint”矛盾; 根据第二段中的“It cost
22、 the airline. . . . for days”可知, C项错误; 根据第三段内容可知, 火山爆发能带来肥沃的土壤, 而不是污染土壤, 故排除D项。7. Why did the writer mention the Eldfell volcano? A. It broke out in Iceland on April 14th as well. B. It symbolized the accident that changed his life. C. It told us to make the best of a given situation. D. It encourag
23、ed him to know more about himself. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段中的“After their plan worked. . . their homes”并结合“One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future”可推知, 我们应该充分利用特定的环境。【误区警示】干扰项分析: A项提到的日期不对; 根据第二段的第一句可排除B项; 鼓励作者更多地了解自己的是自行车事故, 故排除D项。8. What is
24、 the best title for the passage? A. Escape from VolcanoesB. Inspiration from DisastersC. Love for Earth SciencesD. Attitude Toward Nature【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文作者通过讲述自己遭遇事故和火山爆发带来的好处及坏处, 告诉人们要积极应对现实情况, 所以选B项。【长难句分析】Similarly, the accident had badly affected my emotion but it also allowed me to look more clo
25、sely inside myself and discover things about myself I would never have realized. 分析: but连接两个并列分句, 第二个分句中I would never have realized为省略了关系词的定语从句。翻译: 相似地, 这次事故深深地影响了我的情绪, 但是也让我更深入地了解我自己, 发现我从未认识到的关于自身的事情。3世纪金榜导学号My mother died in August 2005. Eight months later, I began to come out of the fog of sadne
26、ss and depression to find a new purpose for my life. Like many of my generation, I had lived only for myselftraveling, acquiring possessions, rising to a position of importance and seeking financial rewards. I was “charitable” and “volunteered” for various causes, but really didnt give of myself. In
27、 the spring after my moms death, I found myself waking in the middle of the night with one thought. I felt forced to offer myself as a living kidney donor. My husband Robb had received the gift of life through a kidney transplant(移植)from a dead donor in 1999, so I was familiar with the enormous need
28、 for donors and knew several people who were waiting for a lifesaving transplant. I decided to offer myself to be matched with the most compatible(互不 排斥的)person on the waiting list at my local transplant center. I was paired with 71-year-old Dee from New Jerse who had survived for six years on perit
29、oneal dialysis(腹腔透析). At her 70th birthday, her family threw a big party as they did not expect her to live much longer. Dee has become my very good friend. Almost two years after the transplant, I was privileged to celebrate her 50th wedding anniversary with her husband, their five children and the
30、ir extended family. In donating my kidney, I extended myself in a way far beyond what I ever believed was possible. I did so in honor of my mother who sacrificed so much for me and my sisters, and in memory of my husbands donor who extended her 1ife through him. I encourage all who enjoy the gift of
31、 good health to share with others, either as a living donor or by appointing organ donation upon death. By extending yourself through organ donation, you will live on through others in an extraordinary way and give comfort to your loved ones. 【文章大意】作者通过讲述自己的故事, 说明了通过器官捐献的方式让自己在他人身上活着, 实际上自己的生命也得到了延伸
32、。9. What does the underlined phrase “give of” mean? A. Relieve. B. Devote. C. Appreciate. D. Forgive. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。从“I was charitable and volunteered for various causes, but really didnt give of myself. ”这句话可知, 在各种事情上我非常的慷慨和自告奋勇, 但是真的没有奉献过我自己。所以选B。10. What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A. Dee was t
33、he authors old friend. B. The author attended Dees birthday party. C. Dee treated the author as a family member. D. The authors donation made Dee live six years longer. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由Dee has become my very good friend. Almost two years after the transplant, I was privileged to celebrate her 50th wed
34、ding anniversary with her husband, their five children and their extended family. 可知, Dee把作者当成家庭成员对待, 故选C。11. What would be the best title for this text? A. An old lady benefited from organ donationB. The memory of my beloved motherC. The deep meaning of loveD. Extend yourself【解析】选D。主旨大意题。由全文的主题句“By extending yourself through organ donation, you will live on through others in an extraordinary way and give comfort to your loved ones. ”可知, 这篇文章的作者通过讲述自己的故事, 说明了通过器官捐献的方式让自己在他人身上活着, 实际上自己的生命也得到了延伸, 故选D。关闭Word文档返回原板块