1、辽宁凤城市2017高考英语一轮阅读理解选编（一）附答案【2016高考英语阅读理解训练】阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are of
2、course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very diffe
3、rent from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy(争论) is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are largely determined
4、 by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our in
5、stincts (本能). Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviourists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviourist, B.F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely s
6、haped by their surroundings. The behaviourists view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behaviour. Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US, for
7、 example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviourists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed o
8、f many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere betw
9、een these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.1. This passage is mainly concerned with _. A. relation between personality and behaviour B. relation between behaviour and environment C. different accounts of patterns of human behaviour D. different theories
10、of the formation of human personality and behaviour.2. The underlined word “proponents” in Paragraph 2 means _. A. teachers B. advisorsC. advocatesD. judges3. Whats the authors purpose in writing the passage? A. To call our attention to the changes of human behaviour. B. To urge scientists to do mor
11、e research in social science. C. To give us a detailed explanation of human behaviour. D. To present an argument in the field of social science.参考答案13 DCD 2014高考英语阅读理解（新闻报道、广告）【2014全国新课标I】A The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge! The Cambridge Science
12、 Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared
13、 to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.Students who ente
14、r the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given. Families of
15、 those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: http:/
16、cambridgesciencefestival.org. Who can take in the Curiosity Challenge? A. School students. B. Cambridge locals. C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held? A. On February 8th. B. On March 10th C. On March 15th. D. On April 21st.What type of writing is this text? A. A
17、n exhibition guide. B. An art show review. C. An announcement. D. An official report.【答案】ADCD考查细节理解。颁奖仪式什么时间举行？根据Students whoenterthe Cambridge Challenge and are selected as winners will be honorned at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April 21st.可知颁奖仪式在4月21日星期天举行，故选D。考点：广告类短文阅读。2014高考英语阅读
18、理解（新闻报道、广告）【2014浙江卷】BHere is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.In BrazilBrazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other
19、 (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hourstheres no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Br
20、azilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls.In SingaporeSingaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful.
21、So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines both people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disa
22、greeing outright with someone with a higher rank.In the United Arab EmiratesIn the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away the handshake. Women should cover themselves when
23、 it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if
24、your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.In SwitzerlandThe Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should
25、be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality (守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others migh
26、t disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate. The passage is mainly about _. A. communication types B. the workplace atmosphere C. custom
27、s and social manners D. living conditions and standards Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss? A. They put efficiency in the first place. B. They dislike face-to-face communication. C. They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible. D. They are supposed to obey the person of a highe
28、r rank. In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered? A. When greeting seniors. B. When meeting the host alone. C. When attending a presentation. D.When dining with business partners. In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?A. In Brazil. B
29、. In Singapore.C. In the United Arab Emirate. D. In Switzerland.【答案】CDBDB细节理解题。在阿联酋，什么时候你应该拒绝咖啡？根据短文第四段中if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.可知，如果主人给你咖啡，你应该拒绝。故应该选B。D
30、细节理解题。在哪个国家人们把手放在餐桌上？根据短文的最后一段可知，在瑞士这个国家里，人们遵循着正式的餐桌礼仪，他们在吃饭的时候，要把手放在餐桌的上面，胳膊肘放在下面，而且要吃光盘里的东西。故选D。考点：文化类短文阅读。由 (2013合肥八中高三一模)改编The key to getting any good-priced plane ticket is to reserve the flight early.Discount airlines tend to increase their fare as the plane fills up and early reservations are
31、 usually rewarded with the lowest fares.Most major domestic airlines offer discount tickets for off-peak travel.China Southern Airlines now provides favorable group purchase ticket deals to attract tourists to cities like Hong Kong and Guilin.Air China and Beijing Capital Airlines offer tickets with
32、 as much as 75 to 80 per cent discounts.Another way is to search for a cheap ticket on the websites of low-cost airlines,which offer you very low fares though less comfort.Now,Air Asia,Tiger Airways and Jetstar Asia are all offering very low-fare tickets to Chinese travelers.The budget airline has a
33、 long history in the West.Its also called a no-frills carrier for doing away with traditional free services,such as food and drinks.They charge you extra for catering on board,or securing a seat.Many budget airlines put a fee on check in luggage,so its wiser to take hand luggage.The following are th
34、ree popular airlines.Air Asia: The Malaysian-based airline flies from seven cities in China including Tianjin,Guangzhou,Chengdu,Chongqing,Hangzhou,Guilin and Shenzhen in the Chinese mainland,and provides trips to cities such as Paris and London.It can transfer you to most South East Asian countries.
35、Many tickets are priced under 1,500 yuan.Jetstar Asia Airways: Its a low-cost airline headquartered in Singapore.Travelers can leave from airports in numerous cities including Beijing.Southwest Airlines: If you go traveling in the US you can take this low-cost airline based in Texas.How to find a ch
36、eap 5-star service hotel.Like airline tickets,the price for a budget hotel depends on when you book itthe earlier,the cheaper.Its a great idea to look for YHA (Youth Hostels Association) backpackers,or Bed & Breakfast deals online.5.What can we do to buy cheap tickets EXCEPT .A.book the flight early
37、B.choose off-peak travelC.search the websites of low-cost airlinesD.wait until the plane fills up6.What does the underlined part mean?()A.a carrier with a long historyB.a carrier without traditional free servicesC.a carrier with extra chargeD.a carrier without any service7.The three popular airline
38、routes can t take you to according to the passage.A.AsiaB.AmericaC.AfricaD.Europe8.What can you infer from the last paragraph?()A.YHA is an association which can help you save money.B.The price for a hotel has nothing to do with the time you book it.C.A five-star service hotel must be always expensi
39、ve.D.You have to book airline tickets and budget hotel at the same time.语篇解读:本文介绍了不同的航空公司对于提前预订机票的乘客所采取的一系列优惠活动。答案及剖析:5.D细节理解题。由第一段的Discount airlines tend to increase their fare as the plane fills up .可知,等到飞机坐满的时候机票会涨价,故选D项。由第一段的.reservations are usually rewarded with the lowest fares.offer discount
40、 tickets for off-peak travel可排除A、B两项;由第一段的Another way is to search for a cheap ticket on the websites of low-cost airlines,which offer you very low fares .可排除C项。6.B猜测词义题。由画线部分后面的for doing away with traditional free services .可知,The budget airline是没有免费服务的,故选B项。7.C细节理解题。由三家航空公司Air Asia,Jetstar Asia Ai
41、rways和 Southwest Airlines提供的航线可知,没有去非洲的航班,故选C项。8.A推理判断题。由最后一段可知,预订的越早,就越容易找到便宜的五星级宾馆,最好的省钱办法是寻找YHA,故选A项。【疑难词汇解读】1.discount v.&n. 打折;折扣额Tour prices are being discounted as much as 33%.旅行价格打了6.7 折之多。2.do away with废除,去掉Its difficult for old people to do away with their old ideas.要老人们根除他们的老观念是很难的。【长难句子分析】 ,另外一种方法是在网上搜索便宜的航空公司已获得便宜的机票,那些航空公司的飞机尽管不太舒适,但为你提供非常便宜的机票。