1、Period TwoLearning about Language被动语态的一些特殊结构1带情态动词的被动结构：The problem must be solved soon.这个问题必须马上解决。2带不定式的被动结构：The room is going to be painted.这间房子将要被粉刷。The work needs to be done with care.这项工作需要小心处理。3动名词的被动结构：He could not bear being made fun of like that.他不能容忍别人那样开他的玩笑。The question is far from being
2、 settled.这个问题远没有解决。4现在分词的被动结构：He asked me who was the man being operated on.他问我正在接受手术的人是谁。You will find the topic being discussed here and there.你会发现到处在讨论这个话题。5短语动词的被动结构：短语动词的被动结构有以下几种：(1)(不及物)动词介词：若这类短语动词是及物的，则可用于被动语态，如laugh at，look after，talk about，think of等。若这类短语动词是不及物的，则不可用于被动语态，如look up，look do
3、wn等。(2)(及物)动词副词：bring about，carry out，find out，make out，put away，put off，take up，turn down，turn out，wipe out等。(3)动词副词介词：do away with，face up to，give in to，look down upon，make up for，put up with等。(4)动词名词介词：catch sight of，keep an eye on，make a fool of，pay attention to，put an end to，set fire/light to，t
4、ake notice of等。6带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语的后面。We always keep the classroom clean.我们一直保持教室清洁。(比较：The classroom is always kept clean.)7常见的主动形式表示被动意义的词有：(1)动词want，need，require，deserve后用动名词的主动形式，这时，动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。The children need looking after.孩子们需要照顾。The window wants/requires repairin
5、g.这窗子需要修理了。(2)有些及物动词后须加副词(如well，easily等)，有些可不加，如act，clean，cut，draw，lock，open，play，read，sell，shut，strike，wash，write等。The cloth washes/sells well.这布很经洗/很畅销。The door wont shut.这门关不上。The play wont act.这戏不宜上演。(3)形容词worth后直接加动名词时。The book is worth reading again.此书值得再读一遍。(4)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。The f
6、ish is not fit to eat.这鱼不适合吃。(5)某些感官动词和系动词(如feel，look，prove，smell，sound，taste，wear等)与形容词连用时。The ice feels very cold.这冰摸上去很凉。The dish tastes very delicious.这菜尝起来非常可口。8以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动句：(1)动词leave，enter，reach等的宾语表示处所、地点(国家、团体、军队)等。(2)表示状态的动词，如：become，benefit，cost，contain，equal，fit，fail，have，lack，last，m
7、ean，suit，look等。(3)下列不及物动词及动词短语：appear，belong to，break out，die，happen，lie，occur，rise，take place，agree with，consist of，have on，keep up with及一些固定词组，如keep words，lose heart，make a face等。(4)宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、动名词、抽象名词等。9汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。据说It is said that.希望 It is hoped that.据推测 It is suppose
8、d that.必须承认 It must be admitted that.必须指出 It must be pointed out that.众所周知 It is wellknown that.有人会说 It will be said that.普遍认为 It is generally considered that.有人相信 It is believed that.单项填空1During the period of recent terrorist activities，people _ not to touch any unattended bag.Ahad always been warn
9、edBwere always being warnedCare always warningDalways warned答案B解析由句意可知，people与warn之间是被动关系，故排除C、D两项；A项是过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”，而语境中没有这种时间提示，故选B项，即“人们一直被警告不要去触动任何无人看管的包裹”。2His sister left home in 1998，and _ since.Ahad not been heard ofBhas not been heard ofChad not heard ofDhas not heard of答案B解析句意为：他的妹妹自从1998
10、年离开家后一直杳无音讯。根据句意，指从1998年后到现在一直没有音讯，故应用现在完成时，排除A和C项；又因他的妹妹和hear of之间是被动关系，故排除D项。3Though we dont know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic_.Ahad changed Bwill change Cwas changed Dhas been changed答案D解析本题中使用了一般现在时态，the topic与change之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故须用被动语态，且是造成对现在的一种感觉，故又应该用完成时态。4We finished the run
11、 in less than half the time _.Aallowing Bto allow Callowed Dallows答案C解析句意为：我们用了不到被允许的时间的一半就跑完了。time后缺少定语，“时间”与“允许”之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词形式。5It is one of the funniest things_on the Internet so far this year.Afinding Bbeing found Cto find Dfound答案D解析found此处为过去分词作后置定语，用来修饰things，与things构成被动关系。句意为：这是今年到目前为止在因特
12、网上发现的最滑稽的事情之一。6At the beginning of class，the noise of desks_could be heard outside the classroom.Aopened and closedBto be opened and closedCbeing opened and closedDto open and close答案C解析本题考查非谓语动词作定语。过去分词作定语表完成、被动；不定式作定语表将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在进行。句意为：开始上课时，在教室外面就能听到开关课桌的声音。表示开关课桌的动作正在进行，因此用现在分词作定语。7Whats tha
13、t noise?Oh, I forgot to tell you.The new machine _.Awas tested Bwill be tested Cis being tested Dhas been tested答案C解析根据一对一的问答可知，“机器正在被检测”，故选C。8Three officers narrowly escaped_in the fierce battle.Ato kill Bto be killed Cbeing killed Dto have been killed答案C解析escape后跟doing，排除A、B、D三项；根据句意，three officer
14、s与kill之间是被动关系。9_many times，but he still didnt understand it.AHaving been toldBThough he was toldCBeing toldDHe was told答案D解析根据句子结构，和连词but，排除A、B、C三项。10Mr.Green stood in defence of the 16yearold boy，saying he was not the one_.Ablame Bblaming Cto blame Dto be blamed答案C解析be to blame固定用法。用主动形式表被动。11I can
15、t understand_a decision until it is too late.Ahim to postpone to make Bhis postpone to makeChim to postpone making Dhis postponing making答案D解析understand后跟doing；postpone后跟doing。12The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time.Asold Bhad been soldCwere sold Dwould sell答案C解析本题考查动词的时态和语态。由句意知此处应用被动语态
16、，故排除A、D两项；由were so lovely与sell不分先后关系可排除B项。13Hi，Torry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?Sorry._.AIts repaired BIt has been repairedCIts being repaired DIt had been repaired答案C解析由sorry可知，第二个说话者拒绝了第一个说话者借电脑的要求，只有选C项，第二个人的理由才充分。答句句意为：对不起，我的电脑正在被修理。14I still remember _ to the Famen Templ
17、e and what I saw there.Ato take Bto be taken Ctaking Dbeing taken答案D解析remember to do sth.记着去做某事；remember doing sth.记着做过某事。句意为：我依然记着别人领我去法门寺以及我在那儿看到的事物。15He was unhappy for_the hard work.Ahaving not been givenBnot having been givenCnot to have givenDnot to have been given答案B解析根据句子结构，排除C、D两项；动名词否定形式应为
18、notdoing，故A项错。.完成句子1Her_not_being_allowed_to_visit_her_mother (不让她去看她妈) made her upset.2The child I often refer to looks_forward_to_being_taken_to_Beijing (期盼着被带到北京去)3The bird missed being_caught.(用 catch 的适当形式填空)4The song is often heard sung in English.(用 sing 的适当形式填空)5The food tastes_good_and_sell
19、s_well (吃起来好吃，卖起来畅销)6The book is well_worth_reading_a_second_time/well_worthy_of_being_read_a_second_time/well_worthy_to_be_read_a_second_time (很值得再读一遍)7The young plants require taking_good_care_of (细心照料)8The bridge being_built (正在修建中的) costs more than 10 million dollars and it will be completed nex
20、t month.9The teacher was praised for_having_taught_for_30_years (因执教三十年)10She is used to being_spoken_to_like_that (别人那样对她说话).阅读理解ATens of thousands of theatre tickets will be given away to young people next year as part of a government campaign to inspire a lifelong love for theatre.The plan to off
21、er free seats to people aged between 18 to 26funded with 2.5 million of taxpayers moneywas announced yesterday by Andy Burnham，the Culture Secretary.It received a cautious welcome from some in the arts world，who expressed concern that the tickets may not reach the most underprivileged.The plan comes
22、 as West End theatres are enjoying record audiences，thanks largely to musicals teaming up with television talent shows.Attendances reached 13.6 million in 2007，up 10 percent on 2006，itself a record year.Total sales were up 18 percent on 2006 to almost 470 million.One theatre source criticised the Go
23、vernments priorities(优先考虑的事) in funding free tickets when pensioners were struggling to buy food and fuel，saying：“I dont know why the Governments wasting money on this.The Young Vic，as The Times reported today，offers excellent performances at cheap prices.”There was praise for the Governments plan f
24、rom Dominic Cooke of the Royal Court Theatre，who said：“I support any move to get young people into theatre，and especially one that aims to do it all over England，not just in London.”Ninetyfive publicly funded theatres could apply for funding under the twoyear plan.In return，they will offer free tick
25、ets on at least one day each week to 18 to 26yearolds，firstcome，firstserved.It is likely to be on Mondays，traditionally a quiet night for the theatre.Mr.Burnham said：“A young person attending the theatre can find it an exciting experience，and be inspired to explore a new world.But sometimes people m
26、iss out on it because they fear its not for themIts time to change this perception.”Jeremy Hunt，the Shadow Culture Secretary，said：“The real issue is not getting enthusiastic children into the theatre，but improving arts education so that more young people want to go in the first place.For too many ch
27、ildren theatres are a nogo area.”1Critics of the plan argued that _.Athe theatres would be overcrowdedBit would be a waste of moneyCpensioners wouldnt get free ticketsDthe government wouldnt be able to afford it答案B解析细节理解题。由第四段中“I dont know why the Governments wasting money.”可知。2According to the supp
28、orters，the plan should _.Abenefit the television industryBfocus on producing better playsChelp increase the sales of ticketsDinvolve all the young people in England答案D解析细节理解题。由第五段中“I support any move to get young people into theatre，and especially one that aims to do it all over England，not just in
29、London.”可知。3Which of the following is TRUE about the plan?ANinetyfive theatres have received funding.BEveryone will get at least one free ticket.CIt may not benefit all the young people.DFree tickets are offered once every day.答案C解析细节理解题。由第六段第一句可排除A项；由第六段第二句可排除B、D两项。4We can infer from the passage th
30、at in England _.Amany plays are not for young peopleBmany young people dont like theatreCpeople know little about the planDchildren used to receive good arts education答案B解析主旨大意题。由文章的最后两段可知，之所以向年轻人免费赠票，就是因为年轻人对戏剧的兴趣不高。5According to the passage，the issue to offer free tickets to young people seems _.A
31、controversial BinspiringCexciting Dunreasonable答案A解析推理判断题。由文中提到了反对者的意见和赞同者的观点可推知。BMaking friends in the first few weeks of school is easy.Many students can find a friend in little time.They can be amazed at how close they can get to someone whose interests are completely different，and how comfortabl
32、e they feel about expressing their mutual fondness.Unusual bonds are one of the great pleasures of school life，and can lead to enriching relationships based on mutual respect.Mostly，though，by a couple of weeks into term，they are really embarrassing.And shaking off friends can be a lot harder than ma
33、king them.School is all about being busy and trying new things，so you neednt feel too bad about ditching(与断绝关系) old friends in favor of new people and experiences.So long as you do it kindly.The pace of school life can be a great excuse for turning down another invitation for a party.You can even cl
34、aim to be studyingyoure at school，and youre supposed to work hard.Another kind way of getting rid of an unwanted friend is to go on inviting them out，but to events where lots of other people will demand your time.Or you could suggest activities that you think theyd enjoy，but which you wont actually
35、be able to make yourself.Then you could try the “Im really busy at the moment.Ill give you a call when Ive finished this assignment” approach.But wait.Hasnt someone just said that to you？How do you manage to stay such company that youre not the one being ditched?For a start，concentrate on how intere
36、sting the other person is.Remember the things going on in their lives and text or ring to check how they got on with those things.Do sympathize if things have gone badly，and congratulate them if things have gone well.Have a weekly time and place where you meet friends，so that you can invite new acqu
37、aintances (熟人) to drop in.There，the more cheerful you appear，the more popular you are likely to be.6We can base an unusual friendship on_.Acommon interestsBlongterm contactCmutual respectDa great pleasure答案C解析根据第二段第一句的“.enriching relationships based on mutual respect.”可知友谊是建立在互相尊重的基础上的，因此选C项。7Which
38、of the following can be a good way to refuse unwanted friends?ATelling them that youve received an invitation to another party.BTelling them that you are busy at school and have to study.CInviting them to play outside school where therere strangers.DSuggesting activities that they dont enjoy.答案B解析仔细
39、阅读第三段可知说自己学习忙是摆脱朋友的一个办法。A项文中没有提到；C、D两项表述不正确。8What does the last paragraph tell us to do?ATo make new friends.BTo keep in touch with old friends.CTo avoid being shaken off.DTo avoid hurting unusual friends.答案C解析从倒数第二段“How do you manage to stay such company that youre not the one being ditched？”可知作者在告
40、诉你维持这种特殊关系的同时还要避免被别人甩掉。9How do you understand the unusual bonds that are mentioned in the text?ATheyre a kind of relationship that is hard to build and easy to break.BTheyre a kind of relationship that can only make you embarrassed and bored.CTheyre a feeling of friendship between people who have di
41、fferent ideas and experiences.DTheyre a feeling that is neither too close nor too far from your friends.答案C解析阅读文章可知，unusual bonds指的是具有不同兴趣和爱好的人之间所建立的友谊的纽带，所以C项符合题意。10The purpose of the writer is to_.Atell us how to treat friendsBintroduce the importance of friendsCexplain the lesson for shaking off friendsDgive advice on how to make new friends答案A解析作者解释了一些在交朋友的问题上的做法，是要说明我们应该怎样对待一些朋友，所以A项符合文意。