1、备课资料动词不定式的时态和语态形式时态主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done1. 动词不定式的一般式: 表示与主动词处于同一时间层面或动作发生于主动词之后。He seems to understand what I said.I hope to visit Paris again.2. 动词不定式的进行式: 表示与主动词同时发生且动作正在进行。The two cheats pretended to be working hard.3. 动词不定式的完成式: 表示不定式动作发生于主动词之前。She
2、seems to have seen this film.He happened to have gone out when I went to see him.4. 动词不定式的被动式: 表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系。The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution.I want to have been told the news earlier.动词不定式的句法功能1. 动词不定式作主语To teach you English is my job. (可用it作形式主语替换它, 为: Its my job
3、 to teach you English. )2. 动词不定式作表语 .My job is to teach you English.注意:当作表语的不定式用来解释主语部分中的do的意义时, to可以省略。All I did was(to)give you some advice.3. 动词不定式作宾语I hope to go home as quickly as possible.She promised to give him a chance.注意:英语中有些介词, 如but, except之后可以接动词不定式作宾语, 但要注意句子中的主动词是实义动词do时, 动词不定式要省去to,
4、否则就必须带to。He does nothing but play all day.There was nothing left to do but drop herself onto the bed and weep.而 I have no choice but to lie down and sleep.At the news she didnt say anything but to cry.4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语I ask you to pay attention to your handwriting.有以下三种情况要注意:1)根据表达需要可在不定式前加上how, when,
5、where, what 等疑问词。Please tell me how to do the experiment.No one tell him when to go back home.2)在感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, feel等和使役动词let, make, have等后要省略不定式符号to; 在help后可加可不加; 而在使役动词get后必须带to。I never saw him wear black glasses.Dont make your child stay in the house all day.Can you help me(to)carr
6、y this heavy box?I couldnt get the car to start.3)当句子变为被动语态时, 作宾语补足语时原来省去to的应该加上去。He was never seen to wear black glasses.Her child was made to stay in the house all day.但原来是分词，转化为被动语态时, 形式不变。She was heard practicing singing a song/playing the piano yesterday.5. 动词不定式作定语在逻辑上与前面的被修饰的名词的有以下几种关系: 主谓关系,
7、 动宾关系和同位关系。She was the first girl to work out the problem. (主谓关系)Ive an important meeting to attend. (动宾关系)He keeps his promise to marry her in the future. (同位关系)注意:当作定语的不定式与前面的名词在逻辑上为动宾关系时, 若动词是不及物动词, 后面应加上相应的介词。He hired a room to live in when he was in the USA.但如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way时, 不定式后面
8、的介词习惯上可以省去。The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.6. 动词不定式作目的状语I got up very early this morning to/in order to/so as to catch the early bus.注意:1)不定式作目的状语时, 可以用in order to/so as to来代替to, 加强语气, 但so as to不能置于句首。2)表示目的时, 否定式为in order not to和so as not to, 而不能说not to。I got up very early this mor
9、ning in order not to/so as not to miss the early bus. (但不能说not to miss the early bus。)7. 动词不定式作结果状语He was too excited to say anything.My brother is old enough to go to school/to join the army.I hurried to the station, only to see that the train had left.不定式的复合结构辨析:1. It is+adj. +of sb. +to do sth.2. It is+adj. +for sb. +to do sth.差别: 以上第一个结构中的adj是用来说明主语的特征的, 并作其表语; 而第二个结构中的adj. 是用来说明句中动词的特征的。Its foolish of you to do such things 可转化为: Youre foolish to do such things.但Its easy for you to learn English well一句不可以像上边那样转化。
