1、高考英语中的虚拟语气 河北武安市第一中学 郝素平虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。高考考查虚拟语气主要和情态动词相结合。下面就介绍虚拟语气的重点句型及其用法. 一、 should+动词原形（表示未发生的动作）1 在动词 demand, order, suggest, insist, require, request, command, desire等+that从句中（should可省略）2 用在上述动词相关的名词+that从句中（should可省略）3 用在Its important / strange / necessary / natural+that从
2、句中（should可省略）4 Its (high / about)time +(that)从句中 （should不省略）Notes: 1） 当insist 表示坚持要求该如何做一个未来动作或该做什么动作时，可接should+动词原形；如果insist表示的是坚持认为过去的或现在的情况怎样或是什么时，则that从句中动词的时态须与所表示的时间一致，不可用虚拟语气。Eg. He insisted that he had done right. 他坚持认为（说）他做得对。（陈述语气） He insisted that I should go there. 他坚持要求我去那。（虚拟语气） 2） sug
3、gest 表示“建议”接宾语从句用虚拟语气；作“暗示，表明”讲，接宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 3） Its time that 从句中除了用should+动词原形外，还可以用动词的过去式。即Its time sb. did sth.比较：）would rather sb. did sth（宁愿某人会做某事）与现在或将来事实相反。）would rather sb. had done sth (宁愿某人做过某事)-与过去事实相反。巩固练习：1.I have long desired that the teachers pay_ increased. A. would be B. could be C.
4、 might be D. should be 2.His failure in the college entrance examination suggested that he_ hard. A. not study B. should not study C. study D. had not studied3._be sent to work there? (2002 上海) A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest who
5、m should4. Our headmasters request is that_.A. all the class studied more carefully the problemB. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with great care the problem could be studiedD. all the class study the problem more carefully5.She insisted that she_ all her own affairs and that immediate acti
6、on_ to put this right.A. arranged ,must be taken B. had arranged, must be takenC. arranged ,should be taken D. had arranged, be taken6.The manager would rather his daughter_ in the same office.A. had not work B. not to work C. did not work D. does not work7.Its important that we _the window before w
7、e leave.A. shall we B. will close C. must close D. close8 . The article suggests that when a person _under unusual stress he should be especially careful to have a wellbalanced diet.A. is B. were C. be D. was9.-Do you mind if I open the window? -_.I feel a bit cold. (04年广东卷)A. of course B. Id rather
8、 you didnt C. Go ahead D. Why not10.Its quite possible to satisfy your demand that you_ once more.A. try B. would try C. will try D. can try11. _ the workers insisted on was that they _ more pay .A. That; must be given B. What ; should givenC. What ; be given D. Whether ; could be given12. My phone
9、call really made her anxious, and she _they talk to me .A. hoped B. wished C. insisted D. ordered13. I dont think it advisable that Jack _ the job since he has little experience.A. is given B. be given C. will be given D. has been given14. My demand is that the information referred to in my report _
10、 to Mr. Brown without delay.A. to be e-mailed B. e-mailed C. being e-mailed D. be e-mailed15.- Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? - I agree , but the problem is _ he has refused to.(05年江苏卷) A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. sho
11、uld not send; what16.The workers will go on strike if the demands they _ put forward are turned down. (06年福建卷32) A. could B. would C. 不填 D. had 二、过去时（did / were / could +动词原形）- 表示与现在事实相反过去完成时（had done） - 表示与过去事实相反过去将来时（would+动词原形）- 表示与将来事实相反1.用在wish + that 从句中，表示“希望”2.用在as if / though 中，表示“好像，似乎”3.用
12、在if only 从句中，表示“但愿，要是就好了”Notes: as if / though 引导方式状语从句或表语从句时，从句谓语动词可用陈述语气（与事实相符），也可用虚拟语气（与事实不符或相反）Eg. It looks as if it is going to rain. (陈述语气)How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified.(虚拟语气)巩固练习：1. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I_ your advice. (03年上海春季卷)A. followed B. wo
13、uld follow C. had followed D. should follow ow I wish every family_ a large house with a beautiful garden.(02上海春季卷) A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. -When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_.(1995年全国卷)A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken4. If only h
14、e_ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.(2002年上海)A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie三、情态动词have done-表示与过去事实相反1.could have done 本能够做而未做2.should / ought to have done本应该做而未做3.neednt have done本不必做而做了4.might have done 本可能做而未做5.would rather have done 宁愿做过某事6would ( should
15、) like / love to have done 本想做而未做Notes: 注意区别：情态动词have done -表示对过去动作或状态的推测（其中情态动词无时态之分）Can / Could +主语have done? (疑问句)可能做过某事吗？）Cant / Couldnt have done (否定句)不可能做过某事）may/ might + have done (肯定句)可能做过某事）。must have done (肯定句)一定做过某事. -Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.-You_ her last week.(04 福建卷)A.
16、 ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I_ so much fried chicken just now.(2002上海春季卷)A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eaten . I was really anxious about you. You _home without a word.(2001 全国卷)A.
17、 mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave. Mr. White_ at 8:30 for the meeting ,but he didnt show up.(2004 年全国卷)A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving.-Your dictionary is missing? Could you have left it in the library? -
18、Yes, I_.A. could B. might C. should have D. might have. -Did you praise Mary for her good service ? -Yes, but I _ so . A. would rather not have done B. shouldnt do C. had better not do D. cant have done. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh, did you? You _with Barbara.(年全国卷)A. could have staye
19、d B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed. He_ attended the meeting this morning. He has been staying at home for the whole day.A. cant have B. mustnt have C. shouldnt have D. neednt have. I would love_ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.(97年全国卷)A. to go
20、 B. to have gone C. going D. having gone -Where _Margaret have put the empty bottles?-She_ them away. They must be somewhere.A. can ; cant have thrown B. must; throw C. must ; must have thrown D. can ; must throw. -I didnt know you were good friends.-You_. I have known her since she moved here. You
21、were studying abroad then.A. may have B. neednt have C. couldnt have D. must have .-Why arent they here yet? -They_ the bus.A. can have missed B. must be late forC. may have missed D. might be late for .-I saw Jim at the meeting yesterday. -Did you? I think he_ have attended for he is an expert.A. n
22、eednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. couldnt 14. - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.- Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself.(05年福建卷)A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done 15. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least
23、150 kilometers an hour.（05年重庆卷）A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have done 16. He paid for a seat when he _ have entered free.(05年山东卷)A. could B. would C. must D. need 17. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she
24、returned .- Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties!(05年江苏卷)A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through 18. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it.A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put- 19. -Tom is never late for wo
25、rk. Why is he absent today?- Something _ to him.(05年江西卷)A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened 20. - Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.- Well. He _ have gone far - his coats still here.(05年湖北卷)A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt
26、 21.We _ have proved great adventurers , but we have done the great march ever made in the part ten years. (06年天津卷11)A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt22The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me . (06年江西卷24)A. should have taken B. could have ta
27、kenC. neednt have takenD. mustnt have taken23As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning. (06年陕西卷) A. may not B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt四、If条件虚拟句：1 三种基本情况的谓语动词形式所述情况从 句主 句与现在事实相反If+主语动词过去式（be动词用were）主语would/could/might/should+动词原形与过去事实相反If主语had done主语would/could/might/should+have don
28、e与将来事实相反1. If+主语动词过去式2. if+主语were to do3. if+主语should do主语would/could/might/should/+动词原形Notes:1 主句中should 通常用于第一人称；would / could / might 可以用于各种人称。 当条件状语从句表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要分别根据它所表示的不同时间作相应的调整。Eg. If you had followed my advice (与过去事实相反)，you would be better now(与现在事实相反)。 虚拟倒装（即省去if时用倒装
29、结构）Were +主语to do Should+主语do Had +主语done2. 含蓄条件句：有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而用其他手段代替条件句，这要靠对语境的理解。常用表达如下：1 用介词with,without,but for 等2 用副词or与otherwise (otherwise前的句子常用过去式，其后的句子常用主句式的虚拟语气)。3 用并列连词but (but前的句子常用虚拟语气，but后的句子常用陈述句，即过去时或现在时)巩固练习:. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing tod
30、ay if I_in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002上海卷)A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall. What would have happened_,as far as the river bank? (2001 上海)A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked f
31、arther D. if Bob walked farther. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise, she_something she would regret later.(96年全国卷)A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he_a goal.(01上海春季卷)A. had scored B. scored C. wou
32、ld score D. would have scored. -Why didnt you put your cell phone in you overcoat pocket?-I_,but I was afraid it would be stolen. A. had put B. put C. would have D. could have. The traffic accident wouldnt have happened yesterday,but the driver_really careless.A. had been B. is C. were D. was. He _f
33、ull marks,but he was so careless as to make a spelling mistake.A. must have gained B. can have gained C. could have gained D. must gain. -I suppose Ill have to ask someone else to see me off.-Im afraid so. I would see you off if I could,but I_.A. wont B. neednt C. wouldnt D. cant . _today, he would
34、get to Shanghai in two days.A. if he is leaving B. were he to leave C. If he leaves D. If he was leaving.-Did you go with them? -No, I was very busy, but I would have gone if I_.A. had been B. hadnt C. wasnt D.was. Without your help,we_such rapid progress.A. will not have made B. would make C. could
35、nt make D. wouldnt have made. The Chairman hasnt come yet.If he _on time, we would have to delay the conference. A. should come B. doesnt come C. shouldnt come D. would come 1 3 .But for the help you gave us, we_ the project on schedule . A. could have completed B. couldnt have completed C. could co
36、mplete D. cant complete14. They must have been enjoying themselves there, otherwise they _ so long. A. cant have stayed B. wouldnt have stayedC. neednt have stayed D. couldnt stayed15_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (06年湖北卷31) A. Would you be B. Should yo
37、u be C. Could you be D. Might you be 五、过去完成时（had done to do）= 过去式+ to have done 结构表示“原计划/认为/打算干某事而实际上没有实现”，常用动词有 hope, plan, mean, intend, think, suppose 等。1.I _ ,but I was prevented by the heavy rain.1 A. had meant coming B. meant to have come C. have meant to come D. meant coming（2004年黄冈中学上学期期中） 2
38、. A. had meant coming B. had meant to come C. meant to come D. meant coming （2004年北京东城区）2.We _ our holiday in Europe last summer, but was prevented by the bad weather.A. planned to spend B. had planned spendingC. had planned to spend D. planned ourselves to spend3. We _ that you would fix the TV set
39、 this week.- Im sorry . I _ to fix it this week, but Ive been too busy.A. had expected; had intended B. are expecting; had intendedC. expect; intend D. expected; intended4.- Did you go to Qinhuangdao for holiday last July ?- I _ to go, but I got sick at the last moment.A. planned B. was planning C. had been planning D. have planned 六、参考答案：一 110 DDADD CDABA 1121 CCBDBC二三. 10D 1120 BB ADDDC 2123 BCD四110 B 1115 BB 五1 12 B 2 C 3. A 4. C