1、介词一、介词的种类1）根据结构分类简单介词：即由一个词构成的单一介词。如：for，at，in，on，of，to等。复合介词：即由两个词组合在一起的介词，也称合成介词。如：without，inside，outside，into，within 短语介词：即由短语构成的介词。如：because of，according to，thanks to等。2）根据意义分类表示地点的介词：at，behind，beside，around，near，on，by，in front of，across等。表示时间的介词：about，at，after，before，by，during，in，over，past，sinc
2、e，until等。表示原因的介词：for，with，from等。表示手段和方式的介词：by，in，with等。表示“除去”的介词：but，except，besides等。表示其他含义的介词：about (关于，大约), on (关于), without (没有), off (从离开), instead of (代替), with (和)等。二、. 介词短语的功能介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。介词短语可以在句子中作下列成分：1）作表语： She looks like an actress. 她看上去像演员。 Whats the book about? 这本书是讲什么的？2）作宾语补足语： A
3、cold kept him in bed for a week. 感冒使他卧床一周。 I found my mother on the bus. 我发现我妈妈在公交车上。3）作状语： I will wait for you until tomorrow. 我等你到明天。 The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face. 那位老师面带笑容进了教室。4）作定语： A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。三、 中考经常考查的几组介词的用法1) 时间介词：at/ in/ on 表示具
4、体的时间点（几点钟）前面用介词at。I usually get up at six in the morning. 我通常在早上六点起床。注意：at dinner time 在（吃）晚饭时 at night 在夜间 at weekends / the weekend 在周末表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期几、节日等时间的前面，或者某一天的早上、下午、晚上的前面用介词on。We can play football on Sunday. 我们可以在星期天踢足球。 They came to my house on a cold winter morning. 他们在一个寒冷的早晨来到了我家。表示较长
5、的一段时间段的名词或短语前经常用in，如在早上、下午、晚上；在某月某年等。I was born in May. 我出生在五月。 They came here in 1998. 他们在1998年来这里的。 What are you going to do in the winter holiday? 寒假你打算做什么？注意:表示上午、下午或晚上的名词前一般用介词in，但是具体到某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介词on。 in the morning 在上午 on Monday morning 在星期一的上午2）时间介词：for，sincefor 和since引导时间状语都有延续之意。for +时间段表
6、示“（延续）之久”。since +时间点表示从过去某时延续到现在的一段时间。They have lived in China for ten years. 他们在北京住了十年了。She has worked here since last year. 从去年起她就在这里工作。3）时间介词：in，afterin+时间段表示从现在算起一段时间以后，一般用于将来时；after+时间段表示从过去算起一段时间后，一般用于过去时。另外after后也可以接具体时间用于将来时。Hell be back in three hours. 他三小时后回来。He came back after three hours
7、. 三小时后，他回来了。Hell be back after 3 oclock. 他三点后会回来。4) 方位介词：at，in，on，to表示在某一点的位置或者具体的位置用at。We will have a picnic at the foot of mountain. 我们在山脚下举行野餐。表示在某一个范围之内的方位用介词in。 Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东省在中国的东部。（山东省在中国范围之内）表示在某一个范围之外的方位用介词to。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东部。（日本在中国范围之外）表示两
8、者相互接触，强调在同一条线或者同一个平面上用介词on。 Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu. 山东省在江苏省的北部。（两省接壤）5) 地点介词：in/on / under/ above / over/ below表示一个物体在另一个物体的上面用介词on。 There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。（书在课桌表面上）表示一个物体在另一个物体的里面用介词in。 There are some dumplings in the bowl. 碗里有一些水饺。（水饺在碗里面）表示一个物体在另一个物体的下方，用介词under。（一般为正
9、下方） There is a ball under the chair. 椅子下面有一个球。（球在椅子的下面）below意思是“在之下”，所指范围较宽，不一定在某物的正下方。From the plane, we could see the whole town below us. 从飞机上我们可以看到下面城镇的全貌。表示一个物体在另一个物体的上方，并非有“垂直之上”的含义，用介词above, 其反义词为below。 His room is above ours. 他的房间在我们的上面。表示一个物体在另一个物体的正上方用介词over，有时有“覆盖；越过”之意。 His room is over
10、ours. 他的房间就是我们头上的那间。 There is a big bridge over the river. 河上有一座大桥。（桥在河的上面）6) 方位介词between，amongbetween是表示在两者之间；among表示在三者或者三者以上之间。Its a secret between you and I. 这是我和你之间的秘密。There is a village among the trees.在树林里面有一个小村庄。7) 表示工具、手段、材料的in，by，within可以和表示某种语言的名词连用表示“用某种语言”; 也可以表示用某种工具或者材料的意思。Can you ans
11、wer my question in English？你能用英语回答我的问题吗？Dont write in pencil. Please write in ink. 不要用铅笔写，请用墨水写。by指使用的方法和手段，by和表示交通工具的名词连用时，中间不用冠词。 My father often goes to work by bus. 我爸爸经常乘坐公共汽车去上班。 He made a living by selling newspapers. 他靠卖报为生。with表示“借助于某种具体的工具或身体部位”。例如： We write with our hands. 我们用手写字。 I cut t
12、he cake with a knife. 我用刀子切开了蛋糕。8) 方位介词across，through，past表示从某一个物体的表面横过、穿过用介词across; 从某一个物体的里面或者一定范围内穿过、横过用介词through; 从旁边经过用past。They swam across the river. 他们游过了河。The boys go through the forest quickly. 这些男孩子快速地穿过树林。They drove past a big supermarket. 他们开车经过一家大超市。9）except，besidesexcept表示“除之外”其后的宾语是被
13、排除在整体之外的。besides表示“除之外”，其后的宾语是被包括在整体之内的。All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom. 除了汤姆以外，其他的同学都参加了运动会。（汤姆没有参加）We need three more boys besides Tom. 除了汤姆以外，我们还需要三个男同学。（我们也需要汤姆）真题链接：1. _ the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole. A. At B. In C. On D. With2
14、. We planted some flowers_-the garden yesterday. A. on B. to C. in D. of3.- Is that your headmaster? - You meanthe manblue?A.onB.withC. in4. Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races9:00 a. m. the morningof June 7. A. at; in B. on ; on C. on ; in D. at ;on5.I want to learn a second fo
15、reign language English. A.except B.beside C.besides D.exceptfor6.Im going out.Illbeback_anhour. A.at B.on C.in D.from7.I think tea will taste better _ some milk in it. A. forB. withC. fromD. at8（1分）My brother joined the army_September last year AonBbyCatDin9Is Mr Green at school？Sorry， I dont know B
16、ut you can call him 3405261AinBWithCbyDat10. -When is your birthday, Li Fang? -Its _ July 26. A. on B. toC. in11. Chinese government sent two pandas, Ruyi and Dingding, to Russia several days ago.The relationship _China_Russia will be closer than before, I think.A. both; and B. not only; but also C.
17、 either; or D. between; and12. Now China was set up in 1949.Every Chinese knows her 70th birthday is _October 1, 2019. A. in B. at C. on D. by13Its very important us to make a plan before a new term beginsAofBWithCBy Dfor14Its time_class Lets go into the classroomOKAforBofCin15. This story is_ simpl
18、e English. My little sister can read it. A. for B. in C. with D. by16.Shall I help youthe street, Grandpa?No, thanks. I can manage it myself.A. onB.withC.acrossD. along17.WhenwillthemovieTheKingLion狮子王returntomovietheatresinAmerica?_ July. A. On B.AtC.In18. Light comes in _ the window. A. acrossB. c
19、rossC. through19. He wrote his phone number_a piece ofpaper. A. on B. for C. in D. from20. To my great joy, my family is always _me whatever I decide to do. A. behind B. to C. from D. against21Yesterday our headmaster made a speech _ environmental protection, and we learned something about recycling
20、 of waste. AonBatCto22. We will attend the junior high graduation ceremony _June 21st, 2019.A. in B. at C. on23.-Excuse me. Where is the nearest bookstore? -Go Center Street and you ll find it.A. For B. along C. with24. Its been 100 years since the May Fourth Movement took place May 4, 1919. A. for
21、B. in C. at D. on25. Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public _ 29th April. It will last over five months. A. atB. inC. onD. of26. Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to Beijing! And if you need any help, please call me _010-5558 6390. A. at B. on C. with D. by27. Lets take a walk _ the river after diner, s
22、hall we? A. alongB. throughC. uponD. over28. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily _the windows. (2019呼和浩特) A. against B. across C. above D. below29. In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _about 570 million children. A. with B. for C. towa
23、rds30. I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey. -You shouldnt watch TV too much. Its bad _ your eyes.A. onB. inC. forD. with31. A marathon was held in Yancheng _21st April, which drew 12,000 runners. A. onB. inC. atD. by32. Facial recognition （人脸识别） technology is widely used for paym
24、ent. _, we neednt enter the passwords any more. A. For example B. As a result C. Whats worse D. Whats more33. -Su Bingtian is the winner of the IAAF World Indoor Tour（国际田联室内巡回赛） - _. He is a talented runner. A. Without doubtC. Once in a whileB. For exampleD. All of a sudden34.Shall we stop and wait
25、for others?Sounds good. I think they will catch up_ a few minutes.A. during B. after C for D in35.Could you tell me how I can improve my English? Sure. _, you could speak it as much as possible.A. After all B. In the end C. By the way D. First of all36Wearegoingtohaveaparty_theeveningofJune30th AonB
26、inCatDfor37Asstudents，wemuststudyhard_，weshouldcareforourhealth AAtthesametimeBOntheonehandCAllinallDIntheend38.Humans can not make progressdreams. A.with B.without C.through D.about39.I will go around the city of Dalian by lightrail vehicle（轻轨）subway because Ihavent taken it before. A.instead of B.
27、in the face of C. along with D. across from40. Change the information you read into a mind map., you can remember it well and think of it later easily. A. In this wayB. At the same timeC. On the other hand 41. What time do you usually get up? _ 7:00.A. AtB. InC. On42. When did Neil Armstrong walk on
28、 the moon? _July 20th, 1969.A. In B. At C. For D. On 43.The worlds longest cross-sea bridge, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, openedOctober 24 2018.A.in B.at C.by D.on44. Whenever you need help, just call me. I can come at the drop of a hat. A.with a hat B.without a hat C.at once D.at a low speed45. The instructions tell us everything _ about how to make the model ship. A. by handB. by chance C. in detail D. in person答案：1.DCCDC 6.CBDDA 11.DCDAB 16.CCCAA 21.ACBDC 26.BADBC 31.ABADD 36.AABAA 41.ADDCC