1、（新高考）湖北省襄阳市第四中学2021届高三英语下学期第二次模拟试题（含解析）注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮檫干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在打题卡上，写在试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给
2、的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是C。1.Why didnt Tim make any reply to Helen?A.He was on the phone. B.He didnt recognize her. C.He didnt want to reply to her.2.In which country was the new find reported?A.America. B.Austr
3、alia. C.Russia.3.What is the relationship between the speakers?A.Friends. B.Colleagues. C.Waiter and customer.4.How long does it take to get to Washington by train?A.60 minutes. B.80 minutes. C.90 minutes.5.What does the woman dislike about the building?A.Its design. B.Its position. C.Its neighborho
4、od.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Why has the woman decided not to work at the boys camp？A.She hasnt worked there before.B.She knows little about the camp.C.She wants to
5、be better paid.7How does the mans brother earn a lot of money？A.By working at the boys camp.B.By doing some cleaning work.C.By cutting somebodys grass.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.What kind of show does the man want to make?A.A cooking show. B.A quiz show. C.An interview show.9.Where does the man want people t
6、o watch his show?A.In their offices. B.In their homes. C.In their cars.10.What is the womans advice?A.Picking a different goal.B.Saving up some money.C.Making his show different from others.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.What is the job of the man?A.A guide. B.An engineer. C.A teacher.12.What is the mans advan
7、tage in English?A.Speaking. B.Listening. C.Reading.13.How many English words has the man grasped according to himself?A.Almost 500. B.Almost 5,000. C.Almost 5,500.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.What did Joe do last night?A.He saw a film. B.He worked for a design. C.He had a meeting.15.Why will Joe catch the fi
8、rst bus?A.Because hell meet an important customer.B.Because hell take part in an interview.C.Because hell be the first to reach the company.16.What does the woman prepare for the man?A.Boiled eggs. B.Fried eggs. C.Cakes.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.What are the speakers looking at?A.A map. B.A park. C.A wat
9、erfall.18.Where will the speakers have a snack?A.Outside the church.B.On the top of the hill.C.At the car park.19.Where is the old church?A.Near the waterfall.B.At the foot of the hill.C.Behind the park.20.How long will the speakers spend hiking in total?A.About two hours.B.About three hours.C.About
10、 four hours.第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThree Films to Watch in OctoberOctober is approaching and a new wave of films will be on soon. Here are three breath-taking films recommended by BBC and see which of the following will appeal to you best?Rebec
11、ca (蝴蝶梦)The famous adaption of Rebecca is the Oscar-winning Alfred Hitchcock classic Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine. How can Ben Wheatleys new version possibly compete? Well, one answer is to have Kristin Scott Thomas as Mrs Danvers, a stroke of casting genius which is enough to justify the film
12、s existence. Another answer is going back to the book and trying to get closer to the actual story. You think you know it and you just dont.On Netflix from 21 OctoberPossessorAndrea Riseborough stars as an assassin(刺客) who can control other peoples bodies and get them to do the killing for her. Her
13、latest job is to kill an IT tycoon (Sean Bean) and his daughter (Tuppence Middleton) by possessing the daughters future husband (Christopher Abbott). David Ehrlich of IndieWire claimed , “90 minutes of Andrea Riseborough and Chriustopher Abbott engaging in warfare over control of the latters body is
14、 more satisfying”.Released on 2 October in the US and 9 October in CanadaHonest ThiefLiam Neeson plays Tom, a retired bank robber who promises to return his ill-gotten gains in exchange for a reduced prison sentence so that he can settle down with the woman he loves (Kate Walsh). But the two FBI age
15、nts (Jai Courtney and Anthony Ramos) assigned to fetch the money decide to steal it instead and frame Tom for murder. Unfortunately for them, he is a man with a very particular set of skills, so the explosions, car chases, and shoot-outs all come.Released on 14 October in France, 15 October in Portu
16、gal and 16 October in the US1. What do we know about Ben Wheatleys new Rebecca?A. It is the most famous adaptation of Rebecca.B. It is directed and produced closer to the original.C. Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine starred in his film.D. Kristin Scott Thomas, a casting genius edited the movie.2.
17、When can you first enjoy Possessor in Canada?A. On 2 October.B. On 9 October.C. On 14 October.D. On 15 October.3. What can be expected in Honest Thief ?A. Tragic love.B. Thrilling action.C. Beautiful landscape.D. Psychological control.【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了BBC为即将到来的十月份推荐的三部电影：Rebe
18、cca (蝴蝶梦)，Possessor，Honest Thief。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Rebecca部分内容“going back to the book and trying to get closer to the actual story. You think you know it and you just dont.(回到书中，试着接近真实的故事你以为你知道，其实你不知道。)”可知，该电影更接近于原著。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Possesses部分内容“Released on 2 October in the US and 9 October in Ca
19、nada(该片将于10月2日在美国上映，10月9日在加拿大上映)”可知，该电影在加拿大的上映日期是10月9日。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章Honest Thief部分内容“Unfortunately for them, he is a man with a very particular set of skills, so the explosions, car chases, and shoot-outs all come.(对他们来说不幸的是，他拥有一套非常特殊的技能，所以爆炸、汽车追逐和枪战都随之而来。)”可推知该电影为动作片。故选B项。BThe term modern a
20、rt sounds like it means art that is popular at the moment, but in fact, modern art is a style that originated over 150 years ago, and includes artists that by now have attained classic status, such as Picasso, Matisse, and Gauguin. And whats even more ironic (讽刺的) is that the movement they pioneered
21、, considered revolutionary at the time, was inspired largely by an object of a traditional and ancient design.As far back as the Renaissance, the primary European art movements emphasized conventional representation and adherence (遵循) to classical forms. But that began to change in the late 19th cen
22、tury as artists like Van Gogh and Cezanne expanded the boundaries of painting. Soon, a movement arose that sought to create an entirely new style of art, and one way of doing so was to look beyond Western civilization.Henri Matisse showed his friend Picasso a mask he had acquired made by the Dan tri
23、be of the Ivory Coast. The mask awoke Picassos curiosity, leading him to visit the Trocadero Ethnographic Museum in Paris in 1907. The visit was eye-opening for Picasso, who declared that African masks were what painting was all about. At this time, Picasso had been working on a painting of five nak
24、ed women in a style that would later come to be known as Cubism. And while three of these ladies show facial features found in ancient Iberian art, a nod to Picassos Spanish heritage, the faces of the two on the right closely resemble African masks. Created in 1907 after hundreds of sketches and stu
25、dies, “Les Demoiselles dAvignon” has been considered the first truly 20th century masterpiece, breaking with many previously held notions in art.Inspiration from ancient cultures started one of the most revolutionary movements in art history, but were these artists playing the role of explorers or c
26、onquerors, stealing ideas and profiting from cultures they considered primitive? Questions like this deserve scrutiny (审查), as artists continue to redefine standards. Perhaps not too long from now, the bold innovations (单新) of modern art will be overturned by a new set of pioneers drawing inspiratio
27、n from another unlikely source.4. The style of European art didnt experience any changes until_A. artists turned to nature for inspiration.B. artists looked beyond western civilization.C. artists began to emphasize self-expression.D. artists expanded the boundaries of painting.5. What can we learn a
28、bout “Les Demoiselles dAvignon”?A. It combined different cultural elements.B. Its distinctive style invited much criticism.C. It broke away from all conventional styles.D. It was inspired by a visit to the Ivory Coast.6. What does the author try to convey in the last paragraph?A. Artistic creation i
29、nvolves imitation and innovation.B. The pioneering role of modern artists is questionable.C. Drawing inspiration from different cultures is essential.D. Its vital that the standards of art should change constantly.7. What is the best title for the text?A. A Glimpse into Modern European ArtB. The Pio
30、neering Figures of Modern ArtC. Why We Should Redefine Modern ArtD. How Ancient Art Influenced Modern Art【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代艺术如何影响现代艺术。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的As far back as the Renaissance, the primary European art movements emphasized conventional representation and adheren
31、ce (遵循) to classical forms. But that began to change in the late 19th century as artists like Van Gogh and Cezanne expanded the boundaries of painting.可知，早在文艺复兴时期，欧洲的主要艺术运动就强调传统的表现形式和对古典形式的坚持。但在19世纪末，随着梵高和塞尚等艺术家扩大了绘画的范围，这种情况开始发生变化。由此可知，欧洲艺术的风格直到艺术家扩大了绘画的范围才有了变化。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的And while three
32、 of these ladies show facial features found in ancient Iberian art, a nod to Picassos Spanish heritage, the faces of the two on the right closely resemble African masks. Created in 1907 after hundreds of sketches and studies, “Les Demoiselles dAvignon” has been considered the first truly 20th centur
33、y masterpiece, breaking with many previously held notions in art.可知，其中三位女士的面部特征是在古代伊比利亚艺术中发现的，这是对毕加索的西班牙遗产的一种致敬，而右边两位女士的面部特征与非洲面具非常相似。亚维农的少女于1907年创作，经过数百幅素描和研究之后，被认为是第一部真正意义上的20世纪杰作，打破了许多之前在艺术领域持有的观念。由此可知，Les Demoiselles dAvignon结合了不同的文化元素。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Questions like this deserve scrutiny
34、 (审查), as artists continue to redefine standards. Perhaps not too long from now, the bold innovations (单新) of modern art will be overturned by a new set of pioneers drawing inspiration from another unlikely source.可知，像这样的问题值得审视，因为艺术家们还在继续重新定义标准。也许用不了多久，现代艺术的大胆创新就会被一群从另一个不太可能的来源汲取灵感的新先锋所颠覆。由此可知，现代艺术家
35、的先锋作用是值得怀疑的。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段The term modern art sounds like it means art that is popular at the moment, but in fact, modern art is a style that originated over 150 years ago, and includes artists that by now have attained classic status, such as Picasso, Matisse, and Gauguin. And whats even mor
36、e ironic (讽刺的) is that the movement they pioneered, considered revolutionary at the time, was inspired largely by an object of a traditional and ancient design. 可知，“现代艺术”这个词听起来像是指当下流行的艺术，但事实上，现代艺术是一种起源于150多年前的风格，包括现在已经获得经典地位的艺术家，如毕加索、马蒂斯和高更。更讽刺的是，他们开创的运动，在当时被认为是革命性的，很大程度上是受到传统和古老设计的启发。由此可知，这篇文章主要介绍的
37、是“古代艺术如何影响现代艺术。”故选D。CThe secret to happiness is keeping busy, research has found.Keeping the mind occupied with tasks no matter how meaningless keeps off negative emotions, the study found.However, the bad news is that humans are seemingly born to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Profes
38、sor Christoper Hsee, a behavioral scientist at Chicago University.In a study, 98 students were asked to complete two surveys. After they had completed the first, they were made to wait 15 minutes to receive the next one. They were given a choice of either handing in the first survey nearby or at a m
39、ore distant location they had to walk to. Whichever option they chose, they received a chocolate bar. It turned out that approximately two-thirds (68 students) chose the lazy option. Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed put.Prof. Hsee concluded that keeping
40、 busy helped keep people happy. He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, had policy implications.“Governments may increase the happiness of idle citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless,” he proposed.At the individual level, he advised, “Get up and
41、do something. Anything. Even if there really is no point to what you are doing, you will feel better for it.” He added, “Incidentally, thinking deeply or engaging in self-reflection counts as keeping busy, too.”“You do not need to be running around. You just need to be engaged, either physically or
42、mentally.”8. Keeping busy can make people happy because_.A. it can help people get rid of lazinessB. it can make people sleep betterC. it can help get rid of negative emotionsD. it can give people a sense of achievement9. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The find
43、ing may contribute to politics.B. The officials have taken Prof. Hsees advice.C. In the study half students handed in the first survey nearby.D. Governments can increase citizens happiness by building bridges.10. What can we infer from the passage?A. Everybody is born to be happy.B. Only by keeping
44、working all the time can you gain happiness.C. Prof. Hsees finding was published in Psychological Science.D. Keeping busy goes against human nature.11. What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To explain what happiness is.B. To advise people not to sit around.C. To advise people to do
45、what they like to.D. To show people how to take life correctly.【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，讲述了科学家们通过研究发现，使人们快乐的秘诀就是让自己忙起来，有事可做就会提升幸福感。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段中的“The secret to happiness is keeping busy, research has found. Keeping the mind occupied with tasksno matter how meaninglesskeeps o
46、ff negative emotions, the study found.”（一项研究发现，快乐的秘诀就是让自己忙起来。研究发现，让大脑忙于各种任务，不管它们多么毫无意义，都能抵御负面情绪。）可知，忙碌能让人快乐是因为它可以帮助摆脱不愉快的感觉。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, had policy implications.”（他说，这项发表在心理科学杂志上的研究结果具有政治意义。）可知，这一发现可能有助于政治。故选A项。【10题详解】推
47、理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, the bad news is that humans are seemingly born to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Professor Christoper Hsee, a behavioral scientist at Chicago University.”(而坏消息是，据芝加哥大学行为科学家Christoper Hsee教授说，为了节省能量，人类似乎生来就懒惰。）可推知，忙碌有悖于与人的天性。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段中的“The secre
48、t to happiness is keeping busy, research has found. Keeping the mind occupied with tasksno matter how meaninglesskeeps off negative emotions, the study found”（一项研究发现，快乐的秘诀就是保持忙碌。该研究发现，让大脑忙于一些毫无意义的事情可以避免负面情绪）和最后一段中的“You do not need to be running around. You just need to be engaged, either physically
49、or mentally”（你没必要到处跑。你只需要有事忙，无论是身体上还是精神上。）可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了建议人们不要无所事事。故选B项。【点睛】阅读理解题的解题方法，首先，宏观浏览，掌握大意。不要困扰在个别词汇的翻译上，偶有生词，走为上计。其次，读懂题干，带着问题再去微观细读。最后，分析句子，慎思明辨。阅读理解题之细节理解解题要注意：1.排除干扰项，突出主题。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关信息，预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将注意力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速浏览，一目十行。发现细节，十目一行，放慢速度，仔细核对比较，直到找到正确答案。DMany people
50、believe that you lose the ability to learn new languages as you get older Language experts (语言专家), however, will tell you that youre never too old to learn a new language. As you get older, it can be more difficult to learn a new language, though.Children and adults learn new languages in different
51、ways. For children, language is their life. They study for thousands of hours every year, because they need to learn languages to become part of their communities. Adults, on the other hand, are already part of language community. Learning new language means becoming part of another language communi
52、ty, and adults rarely get the chance to practice as much as young children do.Moreover, children learning a new language are expected to make mistakes. This gives them freedom when learning to be daring and confident. Adults, however, often feel pressured (感到有压力的) to be perfect when learning new lan
53、guage. This can discourage many people and make it even harder to learn a new language.When young children learn a new language they come to see all kinds of languages as a “normal” part of society. This mindset (思维模式) helps them embrace learning a new language without feeling like theyre doing some
54、thing unusual or “too hard”.So if you want to learn a new language, go for it! Its never too late to learn a new language. If youre older, it may take more work, but it can be done. If youre a young child, though, now it is the time to step out and learn a new language!12. By “language is their life
55、” in Paragraph 2, the author means that children _.A. can live without languageB. lead a happy life every dayC. practice a new language a lotD. are taken good care of by adults13. What may make it hard for adults to learn a new language?A. They often feel pressured.B. They usually have too many inte
56、rests.C. They think making mistakes is natural.D. They always make all kinds of mistakes14. Which of the following shows the difference between children and adults in learning a new language?A. The behavior they have.B. The learning attitudes.C. The future plans they have made.D. The materials they
57、are using.15. According to the author, a new language _.A can never be learned by the old peopleB. can be learned by the old people easilyC. can be understood only by the old peopleD. can be learned by both the old and the young【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，主要讲述了许多人认为，当你变老时，你失去学习新语言的能力。
58、然而，语言专家会告诉你，你永远不会因为太老而不能学习一种新的语言。文章对比了孩子和大人学习新语言的一些不同之处，指出学新的语言在任何时候都不晚，老人和年轻人都可以学。【12题详解】句意猜测题。根据第二段中They study for thousands of hours every year, because they need to learn languages to become part of their communities.可知他们每年学习数千个小时，因为他们需要学习语言才能成为他们社区的一部分。由此可推知，第2段所说的“语言是他们的生活”，是指孩子们大量地练习一种新的语言。故选
59、C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Adults, however, often feel pressured (感到有压力的) to be perfect when learning new language. This can discourage many people and make it even harder to learn a new language.可知然而，成年人在学习新语言时，往往会感到要做到完美有压力。这可能会让很多人泄气，让学习一门新语言变得更加困难。由此可知，成年人在学习新语言时经常感到有压力，这让成年人学习一门新语言变得困难。故选A。【14题详解】细节理
60、解题。根据第三段Moreover, children learning a new language are expected to make mistakes. This gives them freedom when learning to be daring and confident. Adults, however, often feel pressured (感到有压力的) to be perfect when learning new language. This can discourage many people and make it even harder to lear
61、n a new language.可知而且，孩子在学习一门新语言的时候也会犯错误。这给了他们自由，让他们学会勇敢和自信。然而，成年人在学习新语言时，往往会感到要做到完美有压力。这可能会让很多人泄气，让学习一门新语言变得更加困难。由此可知，可知孩子和成年人之间学习态度不同。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段So if you want to learn a new language, go for it! Its never too late to learn a new language. If youre older, it may take more work, but it
62、can be done. If youre a young child, though, now it is the time to step out and learn a new language!可知所以如果你想学一门新语言，那就去学吧！学习一门新语言永远不会太迟。如果你年纪大一些，可能需要做更多的工作，但这是可以做到的。不过，如果你还是个小孩子，现在是时候走出去学一门新语言了！由此可知，作者认为学新的语言在任何时候都不晚，老人和年轻人都可以学。故选D。第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.H
63、elpful tips for college-bound seniorsResearching a college is one of the most time-consuming tasks that youll encounter._16_For example, what classes and facilities the college has to offer, and what sports it offers. After narrowing your choices to a group of colleges, youll have to start to resear
64、ch these in depth._17_He or she may be able to help you find things about the colleges that you could not get yourself.Knowing what you want to study is another key to looking for a college._18_By knowing what I want to do, I can then look at colleges that Ive been thinking about applying to and nar
65、row my choices down. If a college doesnt have the courses I need, then its definitely out of the picture.Another key thing to look for is the colleges testing requirements._19_ Some colleges also require an SAT II test in certain areas, for example English or Math. Remember to look at a colleges GPA
66、 requirements, too. You may find a college where theres everything you want, but your GPA isnt high enough to be considered. In this case you may need to attend a junior college for one or two years._20_At this point you may want to have a long discussion with your parents, and find out how much the
67、yre willing and able to spend on college. If it isnt enough to cover your full tuition, then you may want to apply for financial aid or a scholarship. And your final option maybe looking for a college that doesnt cost as much.A. All colleges require an SAT or an ACT test.B. And lastly, but definitel
68、y not the least, is tuition.C. Look for a college now if you plan on attending one.D. You need to find out many basics about possible colleges.E. If you will be a senior in the near future, this article is for you.F. I plan to major in business management and minor in computer applications.G. If you
69、 have a college counselor at your school, this would be a good time to ask for advice.【答案】16. D 17. G 18. F 19. A 20. B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章就高中毕业生如何选择适合自己的大学提出了几点建议。【16题详解】根据上文中的Researching a college,以及下文举例中的 what classes and facilities和 what sports 可知,D 项 find out many basics about possible colleges承上启
70、下,符合语境。故选D。【17题详解】根据下文中的help you find things about the colleges 可知,G项中的ask for advice与其语意一致,且下文中的He or she呼应G(中的a college counselor。故选G。【18题详解】本段主要涉及的是上大学所要选的专业。根据下文中的By knowing what I want to do 可知,F.项I plan to major in business management and minor in computer applications符合语境。故选F。【19题详解】本段的主要内容是关
71、于各个大学所要求的各种测试成绩。 根据上文中的testing requirements 和下文中的 Some colleges also require an SAT.II test 可知,A项中的SAT和test是解题关键。故选A。【20题详解】根据下文中的 how much theyre willing and able to spend on college 和 full tuition 可知,B项中的tuition与之语意一致,且是文章的结尾段,故B项中的And lastly也是解题关键。故选B。第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读
72、下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple
73、_21_.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _22_ do with it? We gossip. About others behaviour and private lives, such as whos doing what with whom, whos in and whos out-and why; how to deal with difficult _23_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are
74、we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural _24_, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? Its not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolut
75、ion of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really_25_issues.Dunbar_26_ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poet
76、ic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We dont spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar_27_, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery
77、theory by studying the _28_ of the higher primates(灵长类动物)like monkeys. By means of grooming-cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or_29_from outside it.As we human beings ev
78、olve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar _30_ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the _31_ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to oth
79、ers. Grooming helped to _32_ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be_33_ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more_34_ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal(有
80、声的)grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one_35_ contact. 21. A. claimB. descriptionC. gossipD. language22. A. occasionallyB. habituallyC. independentlyD. originally
81、23. A. socialB. politicalC. historicalD. cultural24. A. admirersB. mastersC. usersD. wasters25. A. vitalB. sensitiveC. idealD. difficult26. A. confirmsB. rejectsC. outlinesD. broadens27. A. for instanceB. in additionC. on the contraryD. as a result28. A. motivationB. appearanceC. emotionD. behaviour
82、29. A. attackB. contactC. inspectionD. assistance30. A. recallsB. deniesC. concludesD. confesses31. A. prospectB. responsibilityC. leadershipD. protection32. A. measureB. showC. maintainD. ease33. A. savedB. extendedC. consumedD. gained34. A. commonB. efficientC. scientificD. Thoughtful35. A. indire
83、ctB. dailyC. physicalD. secret【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。研究表明人们的语言大多数不是重大的话题讨论和研究，而很多是闲言碎语，这些闲言碎语是不是浪费时间呢，Robin Dunbar教授不是这样认为的，他认为闲言碎语是非常重要的，是人类发展过程中非常重要的交流形式。 21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人类谈话的三分之二不是关于当今的文化或政治问题，也不是关于我们刚刚看过
84、的电影或刚读完的书的激烈辩论，而是简单明了的闲话。A.宣称,B.描述，C.闲话，D.语言，根据“ not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple ”可知，我们人类的大多数对话不是文化的，政治的问题，也不是关于电影和树的讨论，而就是简单的闲言碎语，下文多次出现gossip这个词，所以选C。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：语言是我们做为一个物种的最伟大的财宝，我们习惯怎么使用它？A.偶然地，B.习惯地，C.独立地，D.最初地，根
85、据“We gossip. ”,得知，前面是提问我们习惯怎么使用它？所以选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于他人的行为和私人生活，比如谁和谁做了什么，谁在里面，谁在外面，以及为什么；如何处理涉及孩子、爱人和同事的困难情况。A.社交的，B.政治的，C.历史的，D.文化的，根据下文“involving children, lovers, and colleagues.”包括孩子，爱人和同事这些都是社会形势，所以选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我们是时间和语言的浪费者吗？。A.仰慕者，B.主人，C.使用者，D.浪费者，根据上文“So why are we keen on
86、gossiping?”我们为什么喜欢说些闲言碎语，是浪费时间和语言的人。所以选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这位心理学家在他的新书修饰、八卦和语言的进化中说，八卦是其中一个真正的问题。A.至关重要的，B.敏感的，C.理想的，D.困难的，根据上文“Its not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.”可知，Robin Dunbar教授不认为我们是浪费时间，而认为闲言碎语是最重要的事情，所以选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar教授是反对传统的关于语言是在人类社会发展初期在组织打猎的时候发展起来的这个观点
87、。A.证实，B.反对，C. 概述，略述，画轮廓，打草图D.拓宽，根据“ Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. ”可知，Robin Dunbar教授是反对传统观点的，所以选B。【27题详解】考查词组词义辨析。句意：邓巴认为，我们不会因为会说话而花三分之二的时间八卦，语言是专门进化来让我们八卦的。A.例如，B.此外，C.相反的，D.因此，根据“We dont spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk,”可知，前后表示转折，正相反的是，语言进化
88、是让我们说些闲言碎语的，所以选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：邓巴是通过研究像猴子这样更高的灵长类动物的行为得到他的理论的。A.动机，B.外表，出现，C. 情感，D.行为，根据下文的“By means of grooming”可知，教授是通过研究灵长类动物的行为得出这个令人高兴的理论的，所以选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过刷毛来清洁毛发，猴子与其他个体组成群体，当群体内或群体外发生冲突时，它们可以依靠这些个体来寻求支持。A.进攻，B.联系，C.视察，D.帮助，根据“ in the event of some kind of conflict within the gr
89、oup”的conflict可知，猴子和其他的个体形成群体来获得在内部冲突事件中或来自外界的进攻时的支持，所以选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：教授下结论说，我们在历史上做过相似的事情，。A.回想，B.否认，C.下结论，结束，D. 承认，聆听（某人的）忏悔，我们在历史上做过相似的事情，这是教授下的结论，所以选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：分组是有意义的，因为群体越大，它提供的保护就越大;另一方面，群体越大，与他人生活在一起的压力就越大。A. 前景，期望，眺望处，景象，B.责任，C.领导，D.保护，根据下文“on the other hand, the bigger the
90、group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.”可知，因为群体越大，获得的保护就越大，所以选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：梳理毛发可以缓解压力，让每个人都冷静下来。A.衡量，B.展示，C.保持，D.缓解，根据上文“on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.”群体越大，生活在一起的压力就越大，梳理毛发可以缓解压力，所以选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着群体越来越
91、大，花在打扮上的时间就要延长来维持它的效果。A.拯救，B.延伸，延长，C.消费，消耗，D.获得，根据“But as the groups got bigger and bigger,”得知，随着群体越来越大，花在打扮上的时间就要延长，所以选B。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，需要一个更加有效的梳理毛发。A.常见的，普遍的，B.有效的，C.科学的，D.考虑周到的，根据上文“ to maintain its effectiveness. ”的effectiveness可知这里是需要一个更加有效的梳理毛发。所以选B。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：语言演变成了有声的梳理毛发，
92、通过在更广泛的个人网络上交换信息，而不是通过一对一的身体接触，这样可以和更大的群体发展关系。A.间接的，B.日常的，C.物理的，身体的，D.秘密的，根据“By means of grooming-cleaning the fur by brushing it, ”得知，梳理毛发需要身体接触的，所以选C。 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Lake Hillier is a saltwater lake on the edge of Middle Island, a large island off the sout
93、h coast of Western Australia. It is pink in color, due _36_ a plant that causes the salt _37_( produce) a red color. There s a long strip of land _38_ separates the lake from the ocean. It was first written about in 1802, when Matthew Flinders hiked one of the island s highest _39_( mountain). He na
94、med the lake after William Hillier, an _40_ (explore) who had previously visited Middle Island. In 1889, Edward Andrews moved to the island with his two sons. They began to mine the lake for salt, and soon other miners came. However, the mining was _41_ (eventual) stopped, as the salt wasn t fit to
95、eat or use in other products because it was_42_( poison). In 2002, the lake was recognized as _43_ wetland, and in 2012, it became a _44_(protect) area. A walking trail _45_( build) around it for tourists to use. Even though the lake contains a lot of salt, it is still safe to swim in.【答案】36. to 37.
96、 to produce 38. that/which 39. mountains 40. explorer 41. eventually 42. poisonous 43. a 44. protected 45. was built【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。希利尔湖是位于中岛边缘的一个咸水湖，是西澳大利亚南海岸的一个大岛。它是粉红色的，因为一种植物使盐产生一种红色。湖面和海洋之间有一长条陆地。这个湖以探险家威廉希利尔的名字命名的。2002，该湖被认为是湿地，2012年成为了保护区。【36题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：它的颜色是粉红色的，因为一种植物使盐变成红色。due to为固定搭配，意为“
97、由于，因为”。故填 to。【37题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：它是粉红色的，因为一种植物使盐变成红色。“cause sth. to do ”为固定搭配，意为“导致/使某事发生”。因此填to produce。【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：有一长条陆地把湖和海洋分开了。分析句子可知，本句是一个定语从句。其中先行词为land，在定语从句中作主语，指物，可以用that，也可以用which，故填that/which。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：当时马修弗林德斯徒步走上了岛上最高的山脉。分析句子可知，根据前面的one of the islands highest+名词复数。因此此处要填 mountai
98、ns。【40题详解】考查语境及名词。句意：他是一位探险家。分析句子可知，本空前有an，可知要用名词。根据句意可知，要填explorer。【41题详解】考查副词。句意：采矿最终被停止了。分析句子可知，本空在句中作状语，修饰动词stopped，因此要填eventually。【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：采矿工作最终还是停止了，因为盐有毒，不适合食用或用于其他产品。本空在句中作系动词was的表语，根据语境可知填poisonous。【43题详解】考查冠词。句意：2002年，该湖被认定为（一块）湿地。分析句子可知，本空在句中表示量词“一”，因此填a。【44题详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：2012年，
99、它成为一个保护区。分析句子可知，本空在句中作定语，修饰名词area。名词area与动词protect二者是被动关系。即被保护的，要用过去分析词，故填protected。【45题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：在它周围建了一条步行道供游客使用。根据前面 的时间状2012，可知用一般过去时。而主语A walking trail 与谓语动词build是被动关系。所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46. 假设你是李华，在美国某中学做交流生。你同学对中国宴请赴约的习俗很感兴趣，特请你用英语写一篇发言稿，介绍中国的宴请习俗。内容包括：1
100、. 到达时间；2. 餐桌礼仪；3. 饮酒习俗。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答；3. 参考词汇：banquet 宴会。Hello, everyone, _【答案】Ladies and gentlemen,I feel greatly honored to be here to tell you something about Chinese banquet customs. Firstly, banquets are usually held in private rooms in restaurants which have been reserve
101、d for the purpose. Guests, who have been invited, will be met at the door on the day when the banquet is held. Secondly, while at banquets, guests dont begin to eat until the host raises his chopsticks. Drinking also takes an important place during a Chinese banquet. Banquets always begin with a toa
102、st. Finally, when the last dish is finished, the banquet has officially ended. Generally, the host will say good-bye to everyone at the door and stay longer to pay the bill.Thank you for listening.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇发言稿，介绍中国的宴请习俗。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时,少量现在完成时等。结构：总分法总分法指把主
103、题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 到达时间；2. 餐桌礼仪；3. 饮酒习俗。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）in private rooms in restaurants; be met at the door; on the day; not begin to eat until the host raises his chopsticks; begin with a toast; the last dish; say good-bye to everyone第三步：连词成句1. I feel greatly honored to be here to tel
104、l you something about Chinese banquet customs.2. Firstly, banquets are usually held in private rooms in restaurants which have been reserved for the purpose.3. Guests, who have been invited, will be met at the door on the day when the banquet is held. 4. Secondly, while at banquets, guests dont begi
105、n to eat until the host raises his chopsticks. 5. Drinking also takes an important place during a Chinese banquet.6. Banquets always begin with a toast.7. Finally, when the last dish is finished, the banquet has officially ended.8. Generally, the host will say good-bye to everyone at the door and st
106、ay longer to pay the bill.9. Thank you for listening.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）如：表文章结构顺序：Firstly, Secondly, Finally连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1 Firstly, banquets are usually held in private rooms in restaurants which have been reserved for the purpose.（关系代词which引导的
107、限制性定语从句）高分句型2 Guests, who have been invited, will be met at the door on the day when the banquet is held.（关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句）第二节(满分25分)47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Theo stood at the microphone. Silence settled over the hall. Your word is onomatopoeia, said Mr Ramirez, the announcer. I got this!
108、 Theo thought. Spelling was sort of his superpower. He wasnt a math or science guy, but he had a gift for spelling.Theos brain fast-forwarded to the spelling bees ahead: first the county championship, then the state championship, and finally the national spelling bee. Your answer, please, Theo? He g
109、lanced back at Alexa, another fourth-grader, sitting on the edge of her chair. She wanted another chance at winning. If he missed his word, shed be back in the game. But that wasnt going to happen. Theo got the right spelling. Theos sister, Deandra, who had also competed but missed her word, applaud
110、ed with the rest of the crowd. Mr. Ramirez presented the trophy（奖杯）to Theo. He lifted both arms into the air. Im the alpha-best. Then he raced toward his sister. Ha! Theo said, making the trophy dance in front of Deandras nose. She rolled her eyes. Youre a terrible winner.Whats wrong with celebratin
111、g my victory?Deandra crossed her arms and made a sour face. You know, it wasnt cool the way you ignored Alexa onstage. She tried to shake your hand.Theo shrugged. I didnt notice. Anyway county bee, here I come!You might want to crack open the dictionary before counties. In two weeks, youll be facing
112、 the best of the best.And theyll be up against me，the alpha-beast.Deandra shook her head. Well, good luck. I think youre going to need it.Two weeks passed in a blink. At the county bee, students from different schools gathered around onstage, some looking more worried than others. Finally, it was ti
113、me for the contestants（选手）to take their seats.After six rounds, the group of more than 100 students decreased to just seven. This was no regular spelling bee. Theo had barely made it through the last round with a lucky guess on conscience. And if hed had to spell aerospace or conical, hed be out alr
114、eady. His sisters advice suddenly made sense.注意：1.所续写的短文的词数应为150左右；2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1: When it was his turn again, Theo stood frozen for the longest moment._Paragraph 2: The following Monday at school, Theo found Alexa in the lunchroom.
115、_【答案】 When it was his turn again, Theo stood frozen for the longest moment. The silence hurt his ears. He wiped his sweaty palms on his pants. It seemed that his superpower disappeared at that moment. Theo couldnt spell every following word. He remembered the school spelling bee and Alexa just missi
116、ng the win. He hadnt even made it as far in his bee as she had in that one. He had to admit that Deandra was right. He was absolutely a terrible winner, and now, a terrible loser.The following Monday at school, Theo found Alexa in the lunchroom. “Do you mind if I sit down?” he asked in a weak voice.
117、 Alexa slid her books aside to make room. Theo gathered up his courage and apologized for his rudeness after he won the school bee. “Its ok. How was the country bee?” Alexa asked. “What a disaster.” Then shrugged his shoulders. “Would you like to be my study partner for next time?” “Why not” Alexas
118、smile seemed to wipe off Theos frustration and he was really expecting to be the next Alpha-best.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，拼写天才Theo在比赛中赢得了姐姐Deandra和对手Alexa，但是Theo太过于骄傲，忽略了对手的握手和姐姐的建议，在Theo即将参加下一场比赛的时候，临场发挥侥幸进入决赛，可是到比赛最后的时候，Theo意识到姐姐的建议是对的。【详解】续写部分分为2段，第一段的开头是当再次轮到他时，他呆呆地站了很长时间， 所以这里写Theo进入决赛之后答
119、题的场景，Theo太过于紧张，感觉超能力消失了，不会拼写单词了，这时很后悔没听姐姐的建议，觉得自己很失败。第二段开头是在接下来的一个周一，Theo在学校餐厅里找到了Alex， 所以这里要描写Theo参加完比赛后对同学Alex的表现。Theo对于之前比赛中的粗鲁行为对Alex表示抱歉，希望能够和Alex成为学习上的伙伴，Alex也乐意和Theo一起学习。为此消除了Theo的沮丧。【高分句型1】Almost every word that followed was one Theo couldnt spell. 接下来的几乎每个词Theo都不会拼写。运用了2个定语从句，第一句是that引导的定语从句，第二句省略关系词that。【高分句型2】He had to admit what Deandra said was right. 他不得不承认Deandra所说的的话是正确的。运用了what引导的宾语从句。