1、专题限时检测(十八)阅读理解推理判断类之观点态度题(加的为观点态度题，本卷限时23分钟)A(2015扬州市高三期末检测)To discipline means to teach. To be well disciplined is to have learned to live in accordance with the sensible rules and regulations that society has set up for the behavior of its members.Unless the child learns from each disciplinary sit
2、uation how better to govern his conduct, effective discipline has not been developed. Parents must accept for themselves the idea that successful discipline results in learning. When they approach situations in which a child must adapt themselves to demands made upon them as learning situations, man
3、y problems usually thought of in connection with discipline disappear.Unfortunately, the word discipline has come to have other less constructive meanings. Far too often discipline is thought of as punishment. To many people, to discipline a child means to spank (掌掴) him or use some other method of
4、punishment. Such people consider discipline a way of either keeping a child from doing something or of forcing him to do something.It is the task of parents to build within themselves and within the children with whom they live this capacity for selfdirection, based upon an understanding of what is
5、required of individuals in a democratic society. This means learning to act in those ways known to be necessary for the “good life”， not for ones self alone but also for others.Developing the capacity for selfdiscipline in a child is a long, slow process. Much patience is required on the part of the
6、 parents. During this development, it is important that the childs selfconfidence and comfortable acceptance of himself should never be sacrificed in a disciplinary battle; instead it should be increased through the ways in which his parents meet disciplinary situations. Many parents show a good dea
7、l of impatience if the little child does not rapidly learn how to keep clean, eat well, be orderly, and do what he is told. They are so eager for him to achieve these things that they seem to try to push him rapidly through his baby period. They seem also to think that learning to do these things at
8、 the earliest possible age will place the child one jump ahead in the competitive race for success. But expecting too much too early is a common mistake and results in many battles.1According to the passage, the welldisciplined people are those _.Abehaving and considering what their parents requireB
9、obeying what is required on some special occasionsCobeying the reasonable rules and social regulationsDhaving selfdirection capacity in a democratic society2According to the passage, disciplining a child means _ for many parents.Adeveloping his capacity for selfdirectionBhelping him understand socia
10、l requirementCsetting various limitations to his behaviorDpunishing him with one method or another3.What may be the authors attitude towards parents expecting their children to achieve too much at the possible earliest age?AIndifferent.BDisapproving.CIronic. DConcerned.B(2015泰州市高三第一次模拟考试)Harry S. Tr
11、uman High School in the Bronx has eight floors, seven gymnasiums, a football field and a planetarium. But there is one place off limits to its more than 3,000 students: the 6lane swimming pool, which has been dry for nearly three decades.Within the New York City public school system, though, the tro
12、ubled Truman pool represents a trend. Of the 50 swimming pools inside the citys 1,200 school buildings, 10 are in unusable condition. At Martin Luther King Jr. High School (MLK) in Manhattan, the pool has been used to store old chairs and desks since 1986. The pool at Walton High School has been clo
13、sed since the 1980s, despite a $54 million school wide renovation (整修)For the swimming enthusiasts of the city public school system, the empty school pools are a hollow symbol of lost opportunities: to fight against obesity; to provide summer job training in a city that has had to import lifeguards
14、from Europe in recent years; to attract the students who just may love the water even if they hate everything else about high school.The latest version of Mayor Michael R. Bloombergs $13.1 billion, fiveyear educational capital plan will include $60 million for upgrades to a dozen school pools, inclu
15、ding $7 million for Truman, and $4 million for King. But the school systems capital has historically called for projects that never end up happening. Also, the mayors plan relies on $6.5 billion from the state, which is resisting a court order to give the city schools more money.Teachers and princip
16、als say that when school pools work, they are shelters from whatever troubles may pass in the hallways and classrooms. Tension over test scores and safety concerns disappears when the students are swimming.The purported (传说中的) existence of a pool at Martin Luther King Jr. High School was such a myst
17、ery that it inspired an article in a student newspaper. Appearing under the headline “Unlocking MLKs secrets”， the article was accompanied by a photograph showing old furniture and a television set stacked next to the empty pool. At other schools, the situation is reversed. “The seniors would always
18、 tell the freshmen they could find the pool on the fifth floor，” said Adam Kerzner, a Bronx Science swimmer who graduated from the school which has no fifth floor in 1997.“It was kind of like a hazing thing.”4What do we learn about the swimming pool in MLK High School?AIt lies on the fifth floor of
19、the school.BIt served as a storehouse of old chairs and desks before 1986.CIts upgrade is included in the Mayors fiveyear educational capital plan.DIt remains in unusable condition despite a school wide renovation.5Which of the following benefits of swimming is NOT mentioned in the passage?AHelping
20、losing weight.BMaking money.CRelieving stress.DLifeguard training.6According to the passage, empty school pools may be mainly caused by _.Ainsufficient attentionBpoor managementCshortage of financeDlack of application7.The authors tone towards the topic can most probably be described as _.Aconcerned
21、 BoptimisticCcritical DdoubtfulC(2015南京师大附中高三调研)Can people change their skin color without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson? Perhaps yes. Scientists have found the gene that determines skin color.The gene comes in two versions, one of which is found in 99 percent of Europeans. The other is fo
22、und in 93 to 100 percent of Africans, researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.Scientists have changed the color of a darkstriped zebrafish (斑马鱼) to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment (色素) gene into a young fish. As with humans, zebrafish ski
23、n color is determined by pigment cells, which contain melanin (黑色素). The number, size and darkness of melanin per pigment cell determine skin color.It appears that, like the golden zebrafish, lightskinned Europeans also have a mutation (变异) in the gene for melanin production. This results in less pi
24、gmented skin.However, Keith Cheng, leader of the research team, points out that the mutation is different in human and zebrafish genes.Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultraviolet rays of the sun (太阳光紫外线), which can cause skin cancer.But when mod
25、ern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes, they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin D. So the related gene changes, according to Cheng.Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans, so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene th
26、at affects skin color, said Cheng.The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer. It also could lead to research into ways to change skin color without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.8The passage mainly tells us that _.Apeople can not change their skin
27、 color without any painBthe new discovery could lead to research into ways to change skin color safelyCpop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin color as he likedDscientists have found out that peoples skin color is determined by the gene9It can be inferred from the passage that _.Anowadays pe
28、ople who want to change their skin color have to suffer a lot from the damage caused by the chemical treatmentBEuropeans and Africans have the same geneCthe new discovery could help to find medical treatments for skin cancerDthere are two kinds of genes10Scientists have done an experiment on a darks
29、triped zebrafish in order to _.Afind the different genes of humansBprove the humans skin color is determined by the pigment geneCfind out the reason why the Africans skin color is darkDfind out the ways of changing peoples skin color11The reason why Europeans are lightskinned is probably that _.Athe
30、y are born lightskinned peopleBlightskinned Europeans have mutation in the gene for melanin productionCthey have fewer activities outsideDthey pay much attention to protecting their skin12.The writers attitude towards the discovery is _.Aneutral BnegativeCpositive Dunconcerned答 案语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。阐明了什么是
31、自律以及家长帮助孩子养成自律习惯时需要注意的问题。1选C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，有良好的纪律就是能够遵守社会对个人行为所制定的各种合乎情理的规章制度。由此可知，答案选C。2选D细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，对于许多家长而言，纪律就是掌掴或其他形式的惩罚。故选D。3选B观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为过早对孩子有太多的期待是一种常见的错误，这会导致许多矛盾冲突。由此可推知，作者认为这种做法是错误的。故选B，意为“不支持的”。语篇解读：本文是一则新闻报道。游泳池是非常受学生欢迎的运动场所，但是当遭遇财政困难时，很多学校的游泳池会被长期闲置。尽管市长的“五年教育基金计
32、划”中包含了改善学校游泳池的计划，但该计划能否实施仍是个未知数。4选C细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，市长的五年教育资金计划中包括MLK高中的游泳池改善(计划)。故选C项。5选B细节理解题。根据第三段中“to fight against obesity; to provide summer job . import lifeguards .”可知，A、D两项是游泳的好处；根据第五段中的“they are shelters from whatever troubles may . concerns disappears .”可知，游泳能缓解压力，所以C项也是游泳的好处。B项在文中未提及。故选B
33、项。6选C推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，学校过去申请过资金，但这些项目从未被批准过，因为即使是市长的计划也要依赖政府的65亿美元，但政府拒绝了给城市学校更多资金的法院命令。故学校游泳池闲置是因为资金短缺。故选C项。7选A观点态度题。根据第二段中“. the troubled Truman pool . Of the 50 swimming pools inside . 10 are in unusable condition”和第三段中“. the empty school pools are a hollow symbols of lost opportunities .”可知，作者对
34、该话题非常关注。故选A项。B项意为“乐观的”；C项意为“批判的”；D项意为“怀疑的”，均不符合文意。语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。主要讲述了基因决定人的肤色，将来人们想改变肤色的话，可能不需要像迈克尔杰克逊那样受罪了。8选D主旨大意题。第一段最后一句“Scientists have found the gene that determines skin color.”为本文的主题句，由此可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们发现人的肤色是由基因决定的这件事。故选D项。9选A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，这一发现有助于攻克皮肤癌等难题，也有助于研究既能改变肤色又不会受到像迈克尔杰克逊所使用的那种对身
35、体有害的医疗手段。由此可推知，现在还不能充分应用这项发现，现在人们想要改变肤色，依旧要受罪。故选A项。10选B细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“As with humans . contain melanin (黑色素)”可知，科学家把一种色素基因植入小斑马鱼体内，使幼鱼的皮肤变成了金色，从而证明了人类肤色也是由色素细胞决定的。故选B项。11选B细节理解题。根据第四段“.lightskinned Europeans also have . pigmented skin.”可知，欧洲人体内黑色素的基因发生了变异，使得他们的肤色变浅。故选B项。12选C观点态度题。根据文章最后一段第一句“The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer.”可知，这一新发现有助于攻克皮肤癌等难题。由此可知，作者对此项发现持积极的态度。故选C项。