1、（新高考）江苏省如皋中学2021届高三英语第三次适应性考试试题（含解析）第一部分 听力（共20题 满分30分 每题1.5分）第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Why is the man laughing?A. He heard a joke.B. He was watching TV.C. He saw a baby do something funny.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: You obviously find so
2、mething very amusing. Did someone tell a joke?M: Babies are such fun. This one suddenly pulled a face. W: Hes cute, isnt he? He should be on TV.2.How much does the woman need to pay for the car?A. $1000.B. $1750.C. $2000.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: I need to work 50 more hours until I have enough money to buy a
3、 car.M: What car did you find is under $2000? W: Its a 1990s VW, but its in great condition. I already have $1000 and I just need $750 more.3.Why did the woman fail to answer the phone?A. She fell asleep early.B. She was busy with work.C. She was trying to ignore the man.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Were you sti
4、ll out when I returned from work last night?M: Yes. I called you, but you didnt answer. So I thought you were already in bed.W: I was still working. I wasnt trying to ignore you. I was just so busy.4.What is the main idea of the conversation?A. The artists use of colors.B. The current state of art i
5、n general.C. The speakers expectations of the artist.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: I love the artists use of colors. Its so unusual and yet it works so well.W: I know. It stands out from everything else. I met him once in Berlin. Hes the opposite of what I expected.5.What does the woman probably want to receive?A
6、. A cup of coffee.B. A piece of bread.C. A takeaway meal.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Im heading to the bakery you want anything?W: Im all right. Are you going anywhere else?M: Going to get some coffee. I can get you a takeaway, instead.W: Can you get one for me too? Nothing else, though. I already ate.第二节 听下面5段
7、对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6. Where are the speakers?A. At the mans classroom.B. At the womans yard.C. At a restaurant.7. How did the speakers meet each other?A. They teach at the
8、 same school.B. Their children are in the same class.C. Theyve lived in the same town for a long time.【答案】6. B 7. B【解析】【原文】M: They grow up so fast.W: I know! I cant believe theyre starting the third grade.M: Its a great party you threw for Hannah. Is she turning eight years old today?W: Thats right.
9、 Weve got games for kids and a barbecue for adults, plus we have a beautiful day for relaxing outside. M: You also have the perfect yard for the occasion. Im glad we can all enjoy it. W: We havent invited guests over since we moved to town M: You guys are new to the area? Well, Im so glad Hannah and
10、 my daughter became friends. W: Likewise, they have a great class together.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8. Why is the woman so upset with the man?A. He didnt follow her advice.B. He didnt bring proper clothing.C. He got them lost in the forest.9. What are the speakers doing?A. Looking for dire
11、ctions.B. Climbing a mountain.C. Building a bridge.【答案】8. A 9. B【解析】【原文】W: Michael, watch out! The bridge is breaking!M: Ah! Jump to the side. I cant make it. W: Grab my hand, and Ill pull you up.M: Ive got you. Pull!W: There you go. Oh, my! Why did you do that? M: The water is so cold Im freezing.
12、I know, I thought the bridge would hold me. W: I warned you not to do that. Now youre wet from head to foot, and were miles from the parking lot. M: I have an extra set of clothes. We can still get to the top of the mountain. W: Were not going back onto the track until you warm up properly.M: Youre
13、right. Lets rest, and then Ill lead us the last three kilometers to the top. W: Take your time, Michael.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. House cleaner and customer.B. Manager and employee.C. Hotel staff and guest.11. How does the man fe
14、el?A. Angry.B. Happy.C. Apologetic.12. What is the woman like?A. Shes strict but fair.B. Shes casual and cheerful.C. Shes unkind and a bit cruel.【答案】10. C 11. C 12. A【解析】【原文】W: Excuse me. Checkout is at noon, and its already 3:00 p.m.M: Oh, Im sorry. We lost track of time while we were at the beach.
15、 W: I understand, but cleaners are waiting to tidy up the room, and other guests are waiting to check in.M: Thats our mistake. We need just 20 minutes to bring everything downstairs. W: Yes, thats fine, sir. But Im afraid that we must charge you for your late checkout. M: How much extra do we have t
16、o pay?W: Our policy says that guests must pay for a full night if they stay past 2:00 p.m. M: Thats almost $80! Im so sorry, but we cant afford that. W: Yes, well, I dont want to ruin your holiday. I can approve a $20 fee if you bring your things downstairs now. M: Thank you. Im sorry again for the
17、inconvenience to your other guests. W: They will be waiting here for you to clear the room. Its OK, but please be as quick as possible.M: Will do.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13. What is the mans biggest challenge?A. Weak language skills.B. Few friends to talk to.C. Discomfort with the cold we
18、ather.14. During which season is the conversation probably taking place?A. Spring.B. Fall.C. Winter.15. Why did the man leave his home?A. He found a job in another country.B. He wanted a new experience.C. He didnt have many friends there.16. What is probably the womans job?A. A caf employee.B. A clo
19、thing salesperson.C. An English teacher.【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. A【解析】【原文】W: I see you every day at this caf. Youre not from around here, are you?M: How did you know? Im from the US, but Ive lived in Russia for about a year.W: Your clothing style is so different. You dont exactly fit in, but I thin
20、k thats pretty interesting. M: I also dont speak Russian very well, so that makes me stand out too.W: Many people in Moscow speak English for their jobs in business and finance. I hope you have plenty of people with whom you can communicate.M: Honestly, not really. I get a bit lonely sometimes, but
21、nothing compares with my challenges with the winter weather. W: But winter just ended! Itll be summer before you know it. M: I grew up next to the beach, so Ill never get used to the Russian climate. W: Then, how come you left? M: Well, not everything back home was perfect. Life was easy, but it lac
22、ked any excitement or adventure. W: Have you found that adventure here in Russia?M: Definitely. Becoming an English teacher has been exciting too. Also, getting to meet interesting people like you.W: Well, its been great to meet you too. I hope you keep coming to my shop. M: Of course.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题
23、。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17. What was the speakers focus of study in university?A. Business.B. Robotics.C. Engineering.18. What might the speakers main weakness be?A. Hes not consistent.B. Hes not skilled in his major.C. He doesnt have many social skills.19. How does the speaker make most of his money?A.
24、By selling his company.B. By inventing new products.C. By investing in other companies.20. What will the speaker probably do in the future?A. Retire at a young age.B. Return to his home country.C. Donate his money to charity.【答案】17. A 18. C 19. B 20. C【解析】【原文】It sounds like a joke, but I first got t
25、he idea to invent self-driving vehicles while watching science fiction movies. At the time, electric cars barely existed, but I already knew that they were the future. Before I decided to invent the world-changing technologies, I was still finishing my degree in business in my home country. Having t
26、his business background from university did help me quite a bit, but I still needed to learn so much about engineering after graduation. I spent every day of the following four years to learn about cars and robotics. After moving and setting up a business in the US, my team created our first self-dr
27、iving vehicle. But our product wasnt available to the public until four years later. Since then, our vehicles have become the best-selling electric cars on the planet, and we never stopped improving. Partly due to dislike for socializing, I now spend about 100 hours a week researching new creative s
28、olutions to problems. Of course, I will still sell the inventions that I create, but I will also release the technology to the public. I want a world where all businesses have access to the same technology, and thus, all people can benefit from human innovation. Ill never quit expanding my invention
29、s. Before I die, Ill give my company to my business partners and my profits from the products to foundations that help the world.第二部分 阅读 (共两节, 满分50分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAmazing landscapes of Chinas XinjiangXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located in the cen
30、tral part of the Eurasian Continent, on the northwest border of China. It covers about one-sixth of Chinas total territory. Xinjiang was a key link on the Silk Road and a hub for east-west cultural exchanges in ancient times.Attractions in XinjiangKarakul LakeThe Karakul is a lake in Akto County alo
31、ng the highway, located 196 km from Kashgar City. Karakul is a very unusual plateau(高原) lake. In fact, it is the highest lake of the Pamir Plateau, at an altitude of 3,600 m. The view is stunning, thanks to the surrounding, snow-covered mountains and beautiful reflections in the crystal-clear water.
32、 Tianchi LakeTianchi Lake, also known as Heavenly Lake, is located on the northern side of the Bogeda Peak in the Tianshan mountains. It is 120 km from Urumqi City and only a 90-minute drive, and the center of the Tianchi scenic area of startling contrasts an alpine drift lake at an altitude of 1,98
33、0 m (6,496 ft) with glistening glaciers on the mountain peaks nearby when the sun is shining.Kanas LakeKanas Lake is in the Kanas Geopark and is mainly made up of Crouching Dragon Bay, Moon Bay, Immortal Bay and the interesting mystery of the legendary big red monster fish! The water, surrounded by
34、snow-covered mountains, decorates the world like a diamond.Delicious food in XinjiangXinjiang boasts a rich and unique food culture. Breakfast here includes melons, jam and milk tea while lunch is often served with flour-based delicacies featuring beef and mutton. Dinner usually entails Nang, tea or
35、 noodles.Various products of XinjiangXinjiang specialties include lavender, cotton, tomato, mutton, beef, jujube, and various fruits.In addition, Xinjiang has the richest mineral resources in China, with 138 different types. Those resources discovered in other parts of our country accounts for less
36、than a quarter. Nephrite is one of Chinas top five famous jades and most of it is found in Hetian, Xinjiang.21. Which is the best choice for those near Urumqi City who prefer a challenge of plateau?A. Kanas LakeB. Karakul LakeC. Heavenly LakeD. the Pamir Plateau22. If you are invited to a meal in Xi
37、njiang at noon, what main course may probably be served?A. Milk teaB. Baked NangC. Pulled noodlesD. Roasted whole lamb23. What percentage of the minerals is discovered in Xinjiang?A. More than 75 %B. Less than 25%C. Around 25%D. Around 50%【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章从旅游景点、地理位置、美食、物产等方面介绍了
38、中国新疆维吾尔自治区。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据“Tianchi Lake”部分第一句“Tianchi Lake, also known as Heavenly Lake, is located on the northern side of the Bogeda Peak in the Tianshan mountains.”（天池，又名天池，位于天山博格达峰北侧。）和第二句“It is 120 km from Urumqi City and only a 90-minute drive, and the center of the Tianchi scenic area of star
39、tling contrasts an alpine drift lake at an altitude of 1,980 m (6,496 ft) with glistening glaciers on the mountain peaks nearby when the sun is shining.”（它距离乌鲁木齐120公里，只有90分钟的车程，与天池风景名胜区的中心形成了惊人的对比一个海拔1980米(6496英尺)的高山漂流湖，太阳照耀时附近山峰上闪闪发光的冰川。）可知，天池是乌鲁木齐附近喜欢高原挑战的人的最佳选择。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据“Delicious food
40、in Xinjiang”部分第二句“Breakfast here includes melons, jam and milk tea while lunch is often served with flour-based delicacies featuring beef and mutton.”（早餐有甜瓜、果酱和奶茶，午餐则是牛羊肉面食。）可知，如果你被邀请中午在新疆吃饭，很有可能会有烤全羊。故选D。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据“Various products of Xinjiang”部分第三句“Those resources discovered in other parts of
41、 our country accounts for less than a quarter.”（在我国其他地区发现的资源还不到四分之一。）可知，在新疆发现的矿产资源的比例超过75%。故选A。B“Wheres Papa going with the ax?” said Fern to her mother as they were setting the table for breakfast.“Out to the hog house,” replied Mrs. Arable. “Some pigs were born last night.” “I dont see why he need
42、s an ax,” continued Fern, who was only eight.“Well,” said her mother, “one of the pigs is a runt. Its very small and weak, and it will never amount to anything. So your father has decided to do away with it.” “Do away with it?” shrieked Fern. “You mean kill it? Just because its smaller than the othe
43、rs?” Mrs. Arable put a pitcher of cream on the table. “Dont yell, Fern!” she said. “Your father is right. The pig would probably die anyway.” Fern pushed a chair out of the way and ran outdoors. The grass was wet and the earth smelled of spring time. Ferns sneakers were sopping by the time she caugh
44、t up with her father.“Please dont kill it!” she sobbed. “Its unfair.” Mr. Arable stopped walking. “Fern” he said gently, “you will have to learn to control yourself.” “Control myself?” yelled Fern. “This is a matter of life and death, and you talk about controlling myself.” Tears ran down her cheeks
45、 and she took hold of the ax and tried to pull it out of her fathers hand.“Fern,” said Mr. Arable, “I know more about raising a litter of pigs than you do. A weakling makes trouble. Now run along!” “But its unfair,” cried Fern. “The pig couldnt help being born small, could it? If I had been very sma
46、ll at birth, would you have killed me?” Mr. Arable smiled. “Certainly not,” he said, looking down at his daughter with love. “But this is different. A little girl is one thing, a little runty pig is another.” “I see no difference,” replied Fern, still hanging on to the ax. “This is the most terrible
47、 case of injustice I ever heard of.” A queer look came over John Arables face. He seemed almost ready to cry himself.“All right,” he said.” You go back to the house and I will bring the runt when I come in. Ill let you start it on a bottle, like a baby. Then youll see what trouble a pig can be.” Whe
48、n Mr. Arable returned to the house half an hour later, he carried a carton under his arm. Fern was upstairs changing her sneakers. The kitchen table was set for breakfast, and the room smelled of coffee, bacon, damp plaster, and wood smoke from the stove.“Put it on her chair!” said Mrs. Arable. Mr.
49、Arable set the carton down at Ferns place. Then he walked to the sink and washed his hands and dried them on the roller towel.Fern came slowly down the stairs. Her eyes were red from crying.As she approached her chair, the carton wobbled, and there was a scratching noise. Fern looked at her father.
50、Then she lifted the lid of the carton. There, inside, looking up at her, was the newborn pig. It was a white one. The morning light shone through its ears, turning them pink.“Hes yours,” said Mr. Arable. “Saved from an untimely death.“And may the good Lord forgive me for this foolishness.” Fern coul
51、dnt take her eyes off the tiny pig. “Oh,” she whispered. “Oh, look at him! Hes absolutely perfect.” She closed the carton carefully. First she kissed her father, then she kissed her mother. Then she opened the lid again, lifted the pig out, and held it against her cheek.24. When Fern said “I dont se
52、e why he needs an ax”, she was really _.A. anxious about what happened at hog houseB. curious about the pigs born last nightC. making little of fathers behaviorD. preventing father killing the weak pig25. Why did Mr. Arable tell his daughter to learn to control herself?A. Because Fern felt unfair ab
53、out her life.B. Because Fern was dissatisfied with the ax.C. Because he was blamed for what he have done.D. Because he was stopped by his daughter.26. What made Mr. Arable seem almost ready to cry himself?A. The most terrible case of injustice.B. Ferns persistence of saving the runty pig.C The unusu
54、al experience of the runty pig.D. A queer expression coming over his face.27. Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?A. The little girl was content with her fathers decision.B. Fern was longing to raise the small and weak pig.C. Lord would forgive Mr. Arable for his
55、foolishness.D. Mr. Arable felt disappointed about the result.【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Arable要将一只生来就很弱小的猪杀掉，但最终被女儿的所作所为而感动，答应她不杀小猪。【24题详解】句意猜测题。根据第二段“Out to the hog house,” replied Mrs. Arable. “Some pigs were born last night.” “I dont see why he needs an ax,” continued Fern, who wa
56、s only eight.(“到猪圈去，”阿拉贝尔太太回答。“昨晚生了几头猪。“我不明白他为什么需要一把斧子，”只有八岁的Fern续说)”可知，当Fern说“我不明白他为什么需要一把斧子”时，她真地不理解父亲的行为。故选C。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Please dont kill it!” she sobbed. “Its unfair.”(“请不要杀它！”她抽泣着。“这是不公平的。”)”可知，因为女儿抽泣着阻止Arable杀小猪，所以Arable告诉女儿要学会控制自己。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中的“I see no difference,” replied
57、Fern, still hanging on to the ax. “This is the most terrible case of injustice I ever heard of.”(“我看不出有什么不同，”Fern回答着，仍旧抓着斧头不放。“这是我听到过的最不公正的事情！”)”可知，Fern坚持要救那头瘦猪，这让Arable自己也快要哭出来了。故选B。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“First she kissed her father, then she kissed her mother. Then she opened the lid again, lifted
58、the pig out, and held it against her cheek. (她先吻了父亲，然后吻了母亲。然后她又打开盖子，把小猪举起来，贴在自己的脸颊上)”可知，最后一段主要是讲小女孩对她父亲的决定感到满意。故选A。CImagine wearing high-tech body armour that makes you super strong and tireless. Such technology, more specifically called an exoskeleton, sounds like the preserve of the Iron Man serie
59、s of superhero movies.Yet the equipment is increasingly being worn in real life around the world. And one manufacturer-Californias SuitX-expects it to go mainstream. “There is no doubt in my mind that these devices will eventually be sold at hardware stores,” says SuitXs founder Homayoon Kazerooni.
60、In simple explanation, an exoskeleton is an external device that supports, covers and protects its user, giving greater levels of strength and endurance. Sometimes also referred to as “wearable robots”, they can be battery-powered and computer-operated, incorporating motors and hydraulics. Or they c
61、an be more simple, passive designs that use springs and dampeners.“Integrating machines with humans opens up a new realm of opportunity,” says Adrian Spragg, an expert on the technology at management consultancy Accenture. “Many of the early applications have been focused on military and medical app
62、lications, but in the last several years theres been an explosion of use in a range of cases.” This expansion, which has come together with rapid advances in the technology, has seen exoskeletons increasingly used by manufacturing workers. Versions for consumers are also now being developed to help
63、people more easily do everything from DIY, to walking, climbing stairs, and other daily activities.One report says sales are now due to rocket as a result. Global exoskeleton revenues are expected to rise from $392m in 2020 to $6.8bn in 2030, according to a study by ABI Research. SuitXs “suits” are
64、now being tested by car manufacturers General Motors and Fiat. Prof Kazerooni, who is also the director of the University of Californias Berkeley Robotics and Human Engineering Laboratory, says that the primary benefit of the firms exoskeletons is to prevent muscle fatigue. “Weve shown that muscle a
65、ctivity in the back, shoulder and knees drops by 50%,” he says. “If muscle activities drop, that means the risk of muscle injury is less. This means that factory or plant managers get more productivity, their insurance costs are lower, and there are less workdays lost to injury. Theres less cost and
66、 more productivity.”General Motors is also looking at a battery-powered exoskeleton glove developed by Bioservo. This glove, called the Iron Hand, has sensors and motors in each finger, which automatically respond to the level of force that the wearer applies to his or her hand when lifting or gripp
67、ing something. The glove therefore takes up some of the strain. BioServo says it can increase the wearers hand strength by 20% for extended periods.28. According to Homayoon Kazerooni, the equipment will go mainstream because _.A. the device can give extra strength and enduranceB. the machine will e
68、ventually be sold at hardware storesC. the equipment is increasingly being worn in real lifeD. the exoskeleton is an external device that is supportive29. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “Integrating” in Para. 3?A. PresentingB. LinkingC. SupplyingD. Combining30. Whats Prof Kazeroonis
69、 feeling towards “exoskeleton”?A SympatheticB. PromisingC. ConcernedD. Astonished31. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?A. Wearable robots may help the disabled in the future.B. The new device will cost less and produce more.C. The battery-powered exoskeleton will change our life.D.
70、The Iron Man has really come into our life.【答案】28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。世界各地越来越多的人在现实生活中佩戴外骨骼设备，文章对这种设备的功能、优点、现状和前景进行了介绍。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“In simple explanation, an exoskeleton is an external device that supports, covers and protects its user, giving greater levels of strength and
71、endurance.”（简单地说，外骨骼是一种支持、覆盖和保护使用者的外部设备，赋予使用者更大的力量和耐力。）可知，据Homayoon Kazerooni称，这种设备将成为主流，因为它可以提供额外的力量和耐力。故选A。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“Versions for consumers are also now being developed to help people more easily do everything from DIY, to walking, climbing stairs, and other daily activities.”（针对消费者的版
72、本也正在开发中，以帮助人们更容易做任何事情，从DIY，步行，爬楼梯，和其他日常活动。）可知，此处是指将机器和人结合在一起，所以“Integrating”意为“使结合”。故选D。【30题详解】观点态度题。根据第四段最后三句“If muscle activities drop, that means the risk of muscle injury is less. This means that factory or plant managers get more productivity, their insurance costs are lower, and there are less
73、 workdays lost to injury. Theres less cost and more productivity.”（如果肌肉活动减少，那就意味着肌肉受伤的风险降低了。这意味着工厂或工厂经理的生产率更高，他们的保险成本更低，工伤损失的工作日也更少。成本更低，生产率更高。）可知，Prof Kazerooni认为外骨骼很有前景。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Imagine wearing high-tech body armour that makes you super strong and tireless. Such technology, more spec
74、ifically called an exoskeleton, sounds like the preserve of the Iron Man series of superhero movies.”（想象一下，穿上高科技防弹衣，你会变得超级强壮，不知疲倦。这种技术更具体地称为外骨骼，听起来像是超级英雄电影钢铁侠系列的专利。）和第二段第一句“Yet the equipment is increasingly being worn in real life around the world.”（然而，世界各地越来越多的人在现实生活中佩戴这种设备。）可知，文章主要是讲钢铁侠外骨骼技术真的走进了我
75、们的生活。故选D。DElon Musk and his electric car company Tesla have a large following in Chinathe worlds largest vehicle marketmuch to the envy of rivals.However, a number of potential customers are deciding against placing orders and some owners are refusing to drive their Teslas to protest the way a custo
76、mer who complained about an alleged brake failure was treated at the Shanghai auto show.On April 19, the opening day of the show, which is held every two years, a woman got on top of a Tesla Model 3 car and shouted that the brakes did not work. She was quickly dragged away by security guards, who at
77、tempted to hide her from visitors with open umbrellas. Footage of the incident taken by onlookers generated more than 150 million views on Sina Weibo within hours.The protester, who was detained by police for disturbing public order, owns a Tesla Model 3 in Henan province, and her father was involve
78、d in a traffic accident in February while driving the car. The woman claimed that the crash was caused by a technical problem with the car, but Tesla insisted the accident was due to excessive speed.Soon after the protest, Grace Tao, a Tesla vice-president, told reporters: “There is no possibility T
79、esla will compromise . I think she (the protester) is quite professional . She has contributed to most of the negative news about Tesla recently.” Faced with mounting pressure, the company softened its stance, issuing a series of late-night statements. On April 20, it put out an apology and said it
80、was carrying out a “self-inspection”. Next day, it said it was “working with regulators for investigation”.On Thursday, Tesla disclosed data about the vehicle that crashed, generated before the accident. The data have not been independently verified. Events took another turn three days later, when t
81、he woman protester, surnamed Zhang, was released from detention.In a news analysis, Reuters said Tesla defies industry convention, as it is based on a corporate culture that rarely admits mistakes. The company has long been accused by customers of responding in an irresponsible manner to complaints
82、about incidents such as battery fires, unexpected acceleration and failure to provide software updates.Only two months ago, Tesla promised to “strictly abide by Chinese laws and regulations and always respect consumer rights “after the State Administration for Market Regulation urged it to heed cons
83、umer complaints”.32. The woman got on top of a Tesla Model 3 car on April 19 to_.A. protest the way a customer complaining about the brake failureB. go against placing orders and refuse to drive her Tesla laterC. claim that her father was involved in a traffic accident with his TeslaD. inform the pu
84、blic that the crash was caused by a technical problem33. Security guards attempted to hide her from visitors with open umbrellas, because_.A. she disturbed the public orderB. she shouted to make herself heardC. they worried about the negative impact on TeslaD they insisted the accident was due to ex
85、cessive speed34. Why did Grace Tao mention that the protester was quite professional?A. Because he suspected that someone may plot it intentionally.B. Because he wanted to say he was unsatisfied with the behavior.C. Because he questioned about the protesters profession about the car.D. Because he fe
86、lt annoyed with the negative news caused by the action.35. Whats the main point Reuters tried to make in the second-to-last paragraph?A. Tesla observed Chinese laws and regulations.B. Tesla never admitted mistakes at all events.C. Tesla unreasonably defied industry convention.D. Tesla was negatively
87、 faced with many problems.【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。电动汽车公司特斯拉在中国拥有大批追随者，令竞争对手羡慕不已，但同时也面临着许多负面问题。4月19日，在每两年举行一次的车展开幕日，一名女子爬到一辆特斯拉Model 3汽车上，大喊刹车失灵。文章讲述了这一事件以及特斯拉对此事的处理方式和态度。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“The woman claimed that the crash was caused by a technical problem with the car, but Te
88、sla insisted the accident was due to excessive speed.”（该女子声称车祸是由汽车的技术问题引起的，但特斯拉坚称事故是由于超速。）可知，4月19日，这名女子爬上了一辆特斯拉Model 3轿车，告知公众事故是由技术问题引起的。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“She was quickly dragged away by security guards, who attempted to hide her from visitors with open umbrellas.”（她很快就被保安拖走了，保安试图用打开的雨伞把她藏起来
89、，以躲避参观者。）和第五段第三句“She has contributed to most of the negative news about Tesla recently.”（最近关于特斯拉的大部分负面新闻都是她造成的。）可知，保安们试图把她藏起来因为他们担心这会对特斯拉造成负面影响。故选C。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第三句“She has contributed to most of the negative news about Tesla recently.”（最近关于特斯拉的大部分负面新闻都是她造成的。）可知，格蕾丝陶提到那个抗议者很专业因为他怀疑有人可能故意策划这事。故选
90、A。【35题详解】段落大意题。根据倒数第二段第二句“The company has long been accused by customers of responding in an irresponsible manner to complaints about incidents such as battery fires, unexpected acceleration and failure to provide software updates.”（长期以来，客户一直指责该公司对电池起火、意外加速和未能提供软件更新等事件的投诉采取不负责任的态度。）可知，在倒第二段中Reuters主
91、要讲的是特斯拉消极地面对许多问题。故选D。第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Ministry of Education and the National Cultural Heritage Administration co-released a document on Monday to illustrate a better use of museum resources for the school sector._36_ Syllabuses(教学大纲) of courses
92、in schools, like Chinese, history, geography, fine arts, physics chemistry, biology, among others, will include museum content. Various educational goals will be set for students in different grades. Local governments will follow to ensure financial support and proper evaluation of the educational a
93、ctivities related to museums.More extracurricular activities after 3:30 pm are encouraged to feature museums, according to the document. Some creative forms like lectures, role-play games have attracted a great deal of students. _37_The new document aims to develop new channels making use of museums
94、 in school education. _38_ According to the statistics of the National Cultural Heritage Administration, 5,535 museums had been registered on the Chinese mainland by the end of 2019. The actual total number could be around 7,000 if it includes the museums in universities and other institutions._39_
95、A problem is that the number of museums specializing in natural history in China is still outweighed by their counterparts focusing on human history, which could be a challenge when designing syllabuses in smaller cities.Museums can be places for children to comprehensively expand their horizons of
96、knowledge, nurture their artistic tastes and improve their sense of aesthetics. _40_ But it cannot only be popular for a short time. A long-term interaction between museums and schools will have lasting benefits.A. But the activities can be more interactive.B. Its a good start to see a nation-level
97、framework.C. Nevertheless, the work cannot be done overnight.D. The focus is on how to improve their performance.E. The booming development of museums has created a foundation for it.F. Schools are to design new activities based on collections in local museums.G. And even comic books on museums can
98、be used to increase students interest.【答案】36. F 37. G 38. E 39. C 40. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本周一，教育部和国家文物局联合发布了一份文件，说明学校应该更好地利用博物馆资源。【36题详解】根据后文“Syllabuses(教学大纲) of courses in schools, like Chinese, history, geography, fine arts, physics chemistry, biology, among others, will include museum content.”（学校的教
99、学大纲，如语文、历史、地理、美术、物理、化学、生物等，将包括博物馆内容。）和“Local governments will follow to ensure financial support and proper evaluation of the educational activities related to museums.”（地方政府将跟进，确保与博物馆相关的教育活动的财政支持和适当的评估。）可知，学校即将添加与博物馆相关的教育活动，所以选项F（学校将根据当地博物馆的藏品设计新的活动。）切合文意。故选F。【37题详解】根据前文“Some creative forms like le
100、ctures, role-play games have attracted a great deal of students.”（一些创新形式，如讲座，角色扮演游戏已经吸引了大量的学生。）可知，学校使用一些创新形式来增加学生的兴趣，所以选项G（甚至关于博物馆的漫画书也可以用来增加学生的兴趣。）切合文意，承接上文继续介绍用于吸引学生兴趣的方法。故选G。【38题详解】根据后文“According to the statistics of the National Cultural Heritage Administration, 5,535 museums had been registered
101、 on the Chinese mainland by the end of 2019.”（根据国家文物局的统计，截至2019年底，中国大陆已有5535家博物馆注册。）可知，博物馆的发展繁荣，根据前文“The new document aims to develop new channels making use of museums in school education.”（新文件旨在开发利用博物馆进行学校教育的新渠道。）可知，选项E中的it是指“开发利用博物馆进行学校教育的新渠道”，所以选项E（博物馆的蓬勃发展为其奠定了基础。）切合文意。故选E。【39题详解】根据后文“A problem
102、 is that the number of museums specializing in natural history in China is still outweighed by their counterparts focusing on human history, which could be a challenge when designing syllabuses in smaller cities.”（一个问题是，中国专攻自然历史的博物馆数量仍然超过了人类历史的博物馆，这在小城市设计教学大纲时可能是一个挑战。）可知，开发利用博物馆进行学校教育的新渠道也面临着很大的问题，所
103、以不能一蹴而就，所以选项C（然而，这工作不是一朝一夕就能完成的。）切合文意。故选C。【40题详解】根据前文“Museums can be places for children to comprehensively expand their horizons of knowledge, nurture their artistic tastes and improve their sense of aesthetics.”（博物馆可以让孩子全面拓展知识视野，培养艺术品位，提高审美能力。）和后文“But it cannot only be popular for a short time.”（但
104、它不能只在短时间内流行。）可知，博物馆教育已经流行起来，这是一个良好的开端，所以选项B（这是看到国家层面框架的良好开端。）切合文意，且与下文构成明显的转折关系。故选B。第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I entered high school, our teacher told us that we should do some volunteer work to enrich our school life and prepare us for
105、university._41_hearing this, I got excited and hoped that I would take part in this valuable activity. I_42_to be a volunteer at Yeda Hospital, one of the biggest and busiest hospitals in our city. Fortunately, I was accepted! Joy_43_over me.At around 7:30am, all the volunteers gathered. I was overw
106、helmed with excitement as I entered the hospital. We were_44_by the hospital staff, and I was chosen to be in charge of self-service_45_machines, which are designed for people to buy medicine and instantly pay their hospital bills.Volunteering from 7:30am until 8:30am in the hospital made me very_46
107、_. However, most of the people in the hospital had worried faces, and I seldom_47_ a smile. It was disappointing, but I tried to understand. They might have been _48_taking care of patients. I just concentrated on my _49_task, helping plenty of people especially the older ones who were not used to a
108、dvanced technology. As time went by, I felt _50_and bored. Suddenly, my friend and I noticed a foreigner standing next to the _51_. I offered to help with my big smile, and all of a sudden, the foreigner thanked me. At first, I couldnt understand why my smile was such a big_52_to her until I learned
109、 that her husband had been in hospital for quite some time. She said that my smile lit up the hospital and_53_gave her a ray of hope, particularly to patients like her husband. I smiled and told her that everything would be fine. She was teary-eyed as she went back. I didnt expect that a _54_smile c
110、ould have such magical power.That moment really touched me. Please dont be_55_about showing your smile to others, even strangers. Your unintended smile can warm the world.41. A. OnceB. AtC. UponD. Beyond42. A. appliedB. appealedC. advocatedD. adored43. A. concentratedB. confusedC. featuredD. flooded
111、44. A. greetedB. informedC. permittedD. inquired45. A. checkB. paymentC. treatmentD. test46. A. acuteB. happyC. modestD. typical47. A. inspiredB. forcedC. requestedD. spotted48. A. worn outB. left outC. picked outD. brought out49. A. appliedB. assignedC. attachedD. awarded50. A. confusedB. ignoredC.
112、 exhaustedD. abused51. A. hospitalB. doctorC. husbandD. machine52. A. anecdoteB. dealC. fashionD. issue53. A. eventuallyB. everC. evenD. extra54. A. simpleB. particularC. meanD. comic55. A. secureB. sensitiveC. shyD. specific【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. B
113、 53. C 54. A 55. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者曾经在医院做志愿者，虽然她每天保持微笑，也很开心在医院做志愿者，但是随着时间过去，她还是感到无聊和疲惫。有一天作者遇到了一个外国人，她向作者表示感谢，说她的微笑给病人和家属带来了希望。作者领悟到你不经意的微笑，可以温暖整个世界。【41题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：一听到这个消息，我就很兴奋，希望能参加这个有价值的活动。A. Once曾经；B. At在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）；C. Upon一就；D. Beyond超过。根据“I got excited and hoped that I would tak
114、e part in this valuable activity”可知，此处是指一听到这个消息。故选C。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我申请成为烨达医院的志愿者，这是我们城市最大和最繁忙的医院之一。A. applied申请；B. appealed呼吁，恳求；C. advocated提倡；D. adored崇拜。根据“Fortunately, I was accepted!”可知，此处是指“我”申请成为烨达医院的志愿者。故选A。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我满心欢喜。A. concentrated集中；B. confused使困惑；C. featured以为特色；D. floo
115、ded充斥。根据“Fortunately, I was accepted!”可知，此处是指“我”满心欢喜。故选D。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们受到了医院工作人员的欢迎，我被选为自助提款机的负责人，这是专为人们购买药品和立即支付医院账单而设计的。A. greeted欢迎；B. informed通知；C. permitted允许；D. inquired询问。根据“I was overwhelmed with excitement as I entered the hospital.”可知，此处是指“我”们进医院的时候受到了医院工作人员的欢迎。故选A。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句
116、意：我们受到了医院工作人员的欢迎，我被选为自助付款机的负责人，这是专为人们购买药品和立即支付医院账单而设计的。A. check检验，核对；B. payment付款；C. treatment治疗，疗法；D. test测试。根据“which are designed for people to buy medicine and instantly pay their hospital bills”可知，此处是指自助付款机。故选B。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：早上7:30到8:30在医院做志愿者让我很开心。A. acute敏锐的；B. happy高兴的；C. modest谦虚的；D. t
117、ypical典型的。根据转折词however可知，前后句意相反，根据“most of the people in the hospital had worried faces”可知，在医院做志愿者让我很开心。故选B。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，医院里的大多数人脸上都是焦虑的表情，我很少看到他们微笑。A. inspired激励；B. forced强迫；C. requested要求；D. spotted看到。根据“most of the people in the hospital had worried faces”可知，此处是指“我”很少看到他们微笑。故选D。【48题详解】考查
118、动词短语辨析。句意：他们可能因为照顾病人而疲惫不堪。A. worn out使疲惫不堪；B. left out忽视，不考虑；C. picked out挑选出；D. brought out出版，生产。根据“taking care of patients”可知，此处是指因为照顾病人而疲惫不堪。故选A。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是专注于分配给我的任务，帮助很多人尤其是那些不习惯先进技术的老年人。A. applied申请；B. assigned分配；C. attached使依附；D. awarded把（某物）授予（某人）。根据“helping plenty of people”可知，此处
119、是指分配给“我”的任务，也就是负责自助付款机。故选B。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的流逝，我感到疲惫和无聊。A. confused使困惑；B. ignored忽视；C. exhausted使疲惫；D. abused虐待。根据“and bored”可知，此处是指感到疲惫。故选C。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，我的朋友和我注意到一个外国人站在机器旁边。A. hospital医院；B. doctor医生；C. husband丈夫；D. machine机器。根据“I offered to help with my big smile”可知，此处是指一个外国人站在“我”负
120、责的机器旁边。故选D。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我不明白为什么我的微笑对她来说是如此重要，直到我知道她的丈夫已经住院很长一段时间。A. anecdote轶事；B. deal交易；C. fashion时尚；D. issue问题。根据“all of a sudden, the foreigner thanked me”可知，此处是指“我”的微笑对她来说是如此重要。a big deal意为“重要的事情”。故选B。【53题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说，我的微笑照亮了整个医院，甚至给了她一线希望，尤其是对像她丈夫这样的病人。A. eventually最终；B. ever曾经；C
121、. even甚至；D. extra额外的。“gave her a ray of hope”和“lit up the hospital”属于递进关系。故选C。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我没有想到一个简单的微笑可以有这样神奇的力量。A. simple简单的；B. particular特别的；C. mean吝啬的；D. comic喜剧的。根据“I didnt expect”可知，此处是指一个简单的微笑可以有这样神奇的力量。故选A。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：请不要羞于向别人展示你的微笑，即使是陌生人。A. secure安全的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. shy害羞
122、的；D. specific具体的。根据“even strangers”可知，此处是指即使是陌生人，也不要羞于给对方微笑。故选C。第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。No matter whether were writing, cooking or building, the first thing _56_ appears in our mind is: What can we add to make it better?Why do we think this way? Researchers _57_(publ
123、ish) a paper about the human tendency to make changes through addition in the last journal Nature.The research team designed a Lego experiment in which _58_small plastic figure stands under a roof supported by a single pillar(柱子) in one corner. How would you change the structure _59_(place) a brick
124、on the roof without causing the roof to collapse on the plastic figure? Each additional Lego block would cost 10 cents.The team found that the majority of participants chose to stabilize the roof _60_ adding blocks to prevent the roof from collapsing. But in fact, there is a _61_(simple) way- get ri
125、d of the original pillar and fix the roof _62_(direct) to the base.“Addictive ideas come to mind quickly and easily, _63_ subtractive (减法的) ideas require more cognitive (认知的) effort,” co-author of the paper Benjamin Converse told Science Daily. “Because people are often moving fast and working with
126、the first _64_(idea) that come to mind, they end up _65_(accept) additive solutions without considering subtraction at all.”【答案】56. that 57. published 58. a 59. to place 60. by 61. simpler 62. directly 63. but 64. ideas 65. accepting【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，人类倾向于通过添加来做出改变。【56题详解】考查定语从句。句意：无论我们是在写作、烹饪还是建
127、筑，我们脑海中出现的第一件事是：我们可以添加什么来使它更好？定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词thing被序数词the first修饰，所以应用关系代词that。故填that。【57题详解】考查一般过去时。句意：研究人员在上一期自然杂志上发表了一篇关于人类倾向于通过添加来做出改变的论文。根据“in the last journal Nature”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填published。【58题详解】考查不定冠词。句意：该研究团队设计了一个乐高实验，在实验中，一个小塑料雕像站在屋角由一根柱子支撑的屋顶下。此处第一次提到plastic figure，所以应是泛指，用不定冠词，且small 的发
128、音以辅音音素开头，故填a。【59题详解】考查不定式。句意：你将如何改变结构，在屋顶上放置一块砖，而不会导致屋顶在塑料雕像上倒塌？改变结构是为了在屋顶上放置一块砖而不会导致屋顶在塑料雕像上倒塌。所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填to place。【60题详解】考查介词。句意：研究小组发现，大多数参与者选择通过添加块体来稳定屋顶，以防止屋顶坍塌。此处是指通过添加块体来稳定屋顶，应用介词by表示“通过”。故填by。【61题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：但事实上，有一个更简单的方法。此处与前面的“添加块体来稳定屋顶”作比较，是指有一个更简单的方法，应用形容词比较级。故填simpler。【62题详解】考查副
129、词。句意：去掉原有的柱子，将屋顶直接固定在底座上。修饰动词fix应用副词。故填directly。【63题详解】考查连词。句意：加法的想法很快就会出现，但减法的想法需要更多的认知努力。“Addictive ideas come to mind quickly and easily”和“subtractive (减法的) ideas require more cognitive (认知的) effort”构成转折关系，且空格后没有逗号，所以应用转折连词but。故填but。【64题详解】考查名词复数。句意：因为人们的行动总是很快，并且按照第一个想到的想法工作，他们最终接受了加法的解决方案，而根本没有
130、考虑减法。根据定语从句“that come to mind”中的come可知，关系词that代指的是名词复数。故填ideas。【65题详解】考查固定搭配和动名词。句意：因为人们的行动总是很快，并且按照第一个想到的想法工作，他们最终接受了加法的解决方案，而根本没有考虑减法。end up doing意为“以而告终”，为固定搭配，用动名词作宾语。故填accepting。第四部分 写作 (共两节；满分40分)第一节 (满分15分) 66. 现如今，随着电脑的普及，越来越多的学生不太注重传统的中国书法（Chinese calligraphy）的练习，汉字书写不尽如人意。假如你是李华，请针对这种现象用英语
131、写一份倡议书给校英语报投稿。主要内容包括：1.陈述现象；2.阐述中国书法的影响；3.发出倡议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【答案】Dear students,With the popularity of computers comes less attention to the practice of Chinese calligraphy. An increasing number of students tend to take notes using computers for their greater speed and accuracy. As
132、a consequence, our handwriting has become more of a problem.It is high time we spent more time improving our handwriting to ease the present situation. Beautiful and neat handwriting is of much significance to us students, and no one can afford to ignore to the vital role Chinese calligraphy plays i
133、n our daily life. Action speaks louder than voice. Lets plan time for handwriting right now.Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生针对越来越多的学生不太注重传统的中国书法的练习，汉字书写不尽如人意的现象用英语写一份倡议书。【详解】1.词汇积累倾向做某事：tend to do=prefer to do结果：consequenceresult重要性：significanceimportance忽视：ignoreneglect2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：An increasing num
134、ber of students tend to take notes using computers for their greater speed and accuracy. As a consequence, our handwriting has become more of a problem.拓展句：An increasing number of students tend to take notes using computers for their greater speed and accuracy, which results in the fact that our han
135、dwriting has become more of a problem.【点睛】高分句型1 With the popularity of computers comes less attention to the practice of Chinese calligraphy. (运用了完全倒装结构)高分句型2 It is high time we spent more time improving our handwriting to ease the present situation. (运用了“it is high time that (did/were)”固定句式)第二节 (满分
136、25分)67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ten minutes to go and I could lock the shops door behind me. There were still a few customers who couldnt decide what to buy. One lady tested all the lipsticks on the shelf. Her friend was busy with the sunglasses. They must be tourists with lots of time
137、on their hands. I had a fake smile glued on my face as I waited behind the counter for them to make up their minds. They walked out without buying anything. Then it was ten minutes past 5:00. They wasted my time.Sometimes I wondered if this was really what life was about. Working from 8:00am to 5:00
138、pm, I caught just a glimpse of the sunrise on my way to work every morning. I wished I could stand on that hill and wait for the sun to rise. It felt like life was slipping through my fingers and that I never enjoyed the little things in life that would make me happy.Going home after a days work was
139、nt much relief. At home, a family was waiting for my attention. While preparing dinner, I put the laundry in the washing machine and took care of the pets. After dinner, it was time to wash the dishes while the rest of the family relaxed with their own activities. I wished I could do that, too.My bo
140、dy was tired. My soul was tired. I couldnt go on like this. It was my own fault that I didnt make time for myself. I had spoiled my family over the years by doing everything by myself. No time for a walk with the dog, no time to just sit on my own and stare at nothing. Why should I be like this? I n
141、eeded serious time for myself, time to recharge my batteries and do things that would make me a better person.A family meeting was the first step. During the meeting, I explained why I was bad-tempered and asked them what they thought would solve the problem. Everyone got a turn to come up with idea
142、s for how they could help me achieve my goal to have at least one hour per day to do what I liked.注意：1、续写词数应为150左右；2、请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。The family was open to practical solutions. _A month has passed since the new rules in the house began, and the plan is working perfectly. _【答案】The family was open to p
143、ractical solutions. “What about having everyone be responsible for cleaning their own room?” I suggested. “And what about taking turns to cook, do laundry and clean up after dinner?” Their reaction was quite positive. I created a chart with the days of the week and the chores and with the name of th
144、e responsible family member each day. I was already to see that I would get an hour for myself every day after work.A month has passed since the new rules in the house began, and the plan is working perfectly. It has given us more time to spend together, chatting and laughing. I no longer feel like
145、Im caught in the rat race. For a month now, Ive been able to walk seven kilometers up the hill with my dog and watch the sunset after work. Now, I dont mind if customers are lingering in the shop when its time to lock the door. My smile is no longer fake. It follows that asking for help is the brave
146、st move we can make.【解析】【分析】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了作者厌倦了每天上班下班包办家务的生活，她觉得自己应该成为更好的人。于是她召开了家庭会议，家人们表示会帮助她实现她的目标，让她每天至少有一小时的时间做自己喜欢的事情。一个月以后作者觉得自己变得快乐了，并领悟到学会寻求帮助是最勇敢的事。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“家里愿意接受实际的解决办法。”可知，第一段可描写作者和家人们一起制定了具体的计划。由第二段首句内容“自房子里的新规定实施以来，一个月已经过去了，而且这个计划运行得很完美。”可知，第二段可描写作者在一个月后生活和心理上的积极变化。2.续写线索：制定计划积极响应列表期待变化感悟3.词汇激活行为类建议：suggest/advise获得：get/obtain提供：give/offer情绪类积极：positive/active【点睛】高分句型1 It has given us more time to spend together, chatting and laughing. (运用了现在分词作状语)高分句型2 It follows that asking for help is the bravest move we can make. (运用了动名词作主语)