1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 21Human Biology. 细品味经典文章(2018全国卷语法填空改编)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long to see the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overw
2、eight and still reduce your risk of dying early by running. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to
3、10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise. . . its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen your leg muscles, avoid hills and
4、 get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it a try. . 按要求完成任务1. 写出文章中表示sports的单词和短语。running, exercise, strengthen leg muscles, walking, cy
5、cling, swimming, energetic2. 写出文章中的优美句式。While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. . 重点词汇1. seek vt. 寻找; 探求; 追求; 征求; 试图vi. 寻找; 探求; 追求【典型例句】It is wise to seek help and advice as soon as possible. 尽快寻求
6、帮助和建议乃明智之举。【词块必记】seek sth. (from sb. )(向某人)请求/寻求某物seek after/for sb. (sth. )寻求某人(某物)seek ones fortune寻找成功(致富)的机会seek out找出; 寻出seek to do sth. 试图做某事【语境速测】 单句语法填空We are seeking to attain(attain) the most advanced technology level in the world. Why do modern people seek after/for material possessions?
7、完成句子In early youth he went to seek his fortune in a foreign country. 他早年到国外去闯天下。2. tolerate vt. 容忍, 忍受【典型例句】The ability to tolerate pain varies from person to person. 对疼痛的忍受力因人而异。【词块必记】(1)tolerate (doing) sth. 容忍(做)某事(2)tolerancen. 容忍; 宽容have no tolerance of/for sb. /sth. 不能容忍某人/某事(3)tolerantadj. 宽容
8、的; 容忍的be tolerant of/towards sb. /sth. 忍受、宽容某人/某事【知识拓展】bear/stand/ put up with忍受【语境速测】 单句语法填空The school cannot tolerate cheating(cheat) on exams. She had no tolerance for jokes of any kind. 一句多译我不能容忍被嘲笑。I cant tolerate being made fun of. (tolerate)=I cant bear/stand being made fun of. (bear/stand)=I
9、 cant put up with being made fun of. (put up with)【文化金句】Those who know to tolerate others can lead a happy life. 懂得包容他人的人能过上幸福的生活。3. equip vt. 装备, 配备; 使有准备【典型例句】We provide 2-person tents and basic cooking and camping equipment. 我们提供双人帐篷、基本的炊具和野营用具。【词块必记】(1)equip sb. /sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/某物equip f
10、or. . . 为做准备be equipped with配备有(表示状态)(2)equipmentn. 装备; 器材; 装置【语境速测】 单句语法填空Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam. A first-aid kit is a necessary piece of equipment(equip) for people when traveling. 完成句子The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons. 士兵们配备着最新式的武器。4. fortun
11、e n. 财产; 大笔钱; 机会; 运气【典型例句】Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth. 欧洲人把存钱罐看作是好运和财富的象征。【词块必记】(1)make a fortune发财by good/bad fortune幸运地/不幸地have the good/bad fortune to do. . . 有幸/不幸做try ones fortune碰运气seek ones fortune寻找发财机会, 闯荡(2) fortunateadj. 幸运的, 侥幸的fortunatelyadv. 幸运地【语境速测
12、】 单句语法填空Fortunately(fortune) the rain stopped before we started. You are fortunate(fortune)to have such a reasonable father. 完成句子I have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors. 我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。Were not looking to make a fortune. 我们没打算大赚一笔。【写作金句】Good fortune will follow you, both i
13、n this world and the next. 无论今世还是来生, 好运都会伴随你。5. submit vt. 提交; 递交vi. 服从, 屈服【典型例句】I have asked everyone to submit questions in advance of the meeting. 我已请每个人在会议之前提交问题。【词块必记】(1)submit sth. to sb. 提交; 呈递某物给某人submit (oneself) to sb. /sth. 顺从; 屈服某人/某事submit that提议; 认为(2)submissionn. 屈服; 呈送; 提交【语境速测】 单句语法
14、填空He submitted the report on the matter to the committee. I submit that the terms are entirely unreasonable. We rejected his submission(submit) that this be done at once. . 核心短语6. at any rate 无论如何; 至少【典型例句】Well, at any rate, let me thank you for all you did. 好吧, 不管怎样, 我还是要感谢你所做的一切。But at any rate, o
15、ne thing is certain. 反正, 有一点是肯定的。【词块必记】at this/that rate照这/那种情况继续下去at a rate of以的速率/比率【语境速测】 单句语法填空We may miss the next bus, but at any rate well be there before midday. At that rate, we will soon be bankrupt. 完成句子World energy demand is increasing at a rate of about 3% per year. 世界能源的需求量正以每年约百分之三的速度
16、递增。7. at all costs不惜任何代价; 无论如何【典型例句】I tell you that I want to get this set of stamps at all costs. 我告诉你, 我要不惜任何代价搞到这套邮票。【词块必记】at a cost (of)以代价, 花at all costs=at any cost不惜任何代价, 无论如何at the cost of以为代价, 用换来at cost照原价; 照成本价【语境速测】 单句语法填空Dont give in to their demands at the cost of your own. He bought a
17、 computer at a cost of 5, 000 yuan. This is the lowest price. We are selling at cost already. 【写作金句】She desires to succeed in her career at all costs. 她不惜任何代价, 渴望在事业上成功。. 经典句式8. It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random. 获胜者要强制性地进行检查, 而其他参与者只是随意地检查。【句
18、型公式】(1)for winners to be tested为动词不定式作主语。winners是不定式to be tested的逻辑主语, winners与test之间为被动关系, 因此, 使用不定式的被动形式。(2)不定式的被动形式为“to be+过去分词”, 表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者, 具有被动含义。在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等。【语境速测】 单句语法填空It was impossible for lost time to be made(make) up. The man is easy to deal(deal) with. I dont know what
19、to do(do). 完成句子It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。9. The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。【典型例句】This book is intended for general readers rath
20、er than students. 这本书面向一般读者而非学生。【句型公式】rather than为并列连词, 意为“而不是, 与其不如”, 这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中, 连接相同的句子成分, 即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。【语境速测】 单句语法填空If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining(complain). She preferred to stay at home rather than go(g
21、o)shopping with him. Mary, rather than you, is(be) to blame for not finishing the work on time. 【备选要点】1. postpone vt. 推迟; 延期【典型例句】I had to postpone ideas of a career and stay at home. 我不得不暂缓就业打算, 待在家里。【词块必记】postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事be postponed for. . . (时间)被推迟了postpone sth. to/until. . . 推迟到【知识拓展】“
22、延缓做某事, 推迟做某事”的表达还有: put off doing sth. ; delay doing sth. 等。【语境速测】 单句语法填空Our school has decided to postpone holding (hold) the sports meeting because of the heavy rain. The match was postponed to the following Saturday because of the bad weather. 句式升级I shall put off making a decision till I learn fu
23、ll particulars. I shall postpone making a decision till I learn full particulars. 2. oppose vt. &vi. 反对; 反抗【典型例句】Mr Taylor was not bitter towards those who had opposed him. 泰勒先生对那些反对过他的人并未怀恨在心。【词块必记】(1)oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事oppose ones doing sth. 反对某人做某事(2)opposedadj. 相反的; 对立的be opposed to (doi
24、ng) sth. 反对(做)某事; 与(做)某事对立opposite adj. 对立的, 对面的prep. 在的对面【知识拓展】oppose=object to=be against“反对”; oppose后面跟动词时用动名词形式。be opposed to结构中to为介词, 后面也要跟动名词形式。【语境速测】 单句语法填空Most Americans were opposed to Syria war. I have been consistently opposed to feeding(feed) a baby regularly. She is very much opposed to
25、 your going(go) abroad. 一句多译我反对在星期天购物, 因为太拥挤了。I oppose going shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded. (oppose)=I am opposed to going shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded. (opposed)=I object to going shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded. (object)=I am against going shopping on Sundays for
26、 it is too crowded. (against)3. prohibit vt. 禁止; 阻止【典型例句】The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport. 昂贵的装备令许多人对这项运动望而却步。【词块必记】(1)prohibit sth. 禁止某事prohibit. . . from doing sth. 禁止做某事prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事prohibit smoking禁止吸烟(2)prohibitionn. 禁止, 禁令a prohibition agai
27、nst/on. . . 的禁令【语境速测】 单句语法填空We are prohibited from drinking(drink) during working hours. Smoking is prohibited(prohibit) in the office building. His small size prohibits him becoming(become) a policeman. 词汇升级Some people think that its necessary to prevent/stop/keep people from using mobile phones in
28、 some places. Some people think that its necessary to prohibit peoples using mobile phones in some places. . 单句语法填空1. (2020全国卷)There are three books I reread annually (annual). 2. (2020江苏高考)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment(treat). 3.
29、(2019江苏高考)This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment(equip) and Internet facilities. 4. (2018天津高考)I am convinced that with our joint efforts we can undoubtedly(doubt) get good results. 5. (2018全国卷)If you are curious about the history of o
30、ur school or concerned(concern) about its future, you mustnt miss this excellent opportunity! . 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)It is reported that the building of a chemical factory 1. was postponed(postpone), because the villagers living nearby 2. opposed(oppose) it. They prohibited the workers from 3. going (go
31、)on with their work, 4. because they couldnt tolerate the big noise. It was known to people 5. that the factory was responsible for it. They had the faith that unless 6. united (unite), their dream of living in peace would be wiped out. However, the factory didnt want to submit 7. to the villagers.
32、They were seeking the best solutions to the matter at all 8. costs(cost). After all, 9. putting (put)off its construction will do no good to them. I believe the leader of the factory will 10. unconditionally (unconditional) agree to the terms with the efforts of the villagers teamwork. . 短文改错(2021衡水
33、模拟)Dear Bill, Im glad to receive your letter. Thank you for your caring for the weather or my health. Now Id like to tell you anything about the smog. Since last winter, the smog has been occurred a lot of times. It has done great harm to our daily lifea great number people got sick; many traffic ac
34、cidents happened and quite lots of flights had to be put up. Luckily, people have realized the serious harm causing by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment. People all over the country are taking measure to reduce the smog. As for me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and
35、I wouldnt throw the waste anywhere. Beside, I will tell people around to try their best to protect the environment. Would you like to tell me some other good ideas? Looking forward to receive your reply. 答案: 【文章大意】本文介绍了雾霾的情况和作者所做出的行动。1. 【解析】第二句or改为and。考查连词。句意: 谢谢你对天气和我的健康的关心。天气和健康是并列关系, 故or改为and。2.
36、【解析】第三句anything改为something。考查代词。句意: 现在我很乐意告诉你一些关于雾霾的事情。表示一些事情用something, 故anything改为something。3. 【解析】第四句去掉been。考查动词语态。句意: 从去年冬天开始, 已经发生了许多次雾霾天气。发生occur是不及物动词没有被动语态, 故去掉been。4. 【解析】第五句number后面加of。考查介词。句意: 雾霾导致很多人生病。许多a great number of, 故number后面加of。5. 【解析】第五句up改为off。考查介词。句意: 许多航班被推迟。推迟是put off, 故up改为
37、off。6. 【解析】第六句causing改为caused。考查非谓语动词。句意: 幸运的是人们已经意识到了雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性。harm和cause是被动关系, 故causing改为caused。7. 【解析】第七句measure改为measures。考查名词。句意: 全国人民采取措施来减少雾霾。采取多项措施, 后面用名词复数形式, 故measure改为measures。8. 【解析】第八句wouldnt改为wont。考查时态。句意: 我不会到处扔垃圾。will提示用一般将来时, 故wouldnt改为wont。9. 【解析】第九句Beside改为Besides。考查连词。句意
38、: 另外, 我会告诉周围的人尽力去保护环境。beside是介词表示旁边, besides是连词表示另外, 故Beside改为Besides。10. 【解析】最后一句receive改为receiving。考查动名词。句意: 期待收到你的回复。look forward to doing sth. 。故receive 要改为receiving。. 话题与阅读理解(2019天津高考阅读理解C)Essentially, everyone has two ages: a chronological(按时间计算的) age, how old the calendar says you are, and a
39、biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels. “Chronological age isnt how old we really are. Its merely a number, ” said Professor David Sinclair at Harvard University. “It is biological age that determines our health and ultimatel
40、y our lifespan. We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in. Biological age is the number of candles we really should be blowing out. In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we ma
41、y have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one. ”To calculate biological age, Professor Levine at Yale University identified nine biomarkers(生物标志) that seemed to be the most influential on lifespan by a simple blood test. The numbers of those markers, such as blood sugar and im
42、mune(免疫的) measures, can be put into the computer, and the algorithm(算式, 算法) does the rest. Perhaps whats most important here is that these measures can be changed. Doctors can take this information and help patients make changes to lifestyle, and hopefully take steps to improve their biological cond
43、itions. “I think the most exciting thing about this research is that these things arent set in stone, ” Levine said. “People can be given the information earlier and take steps to improve their health before its too late. ”Levine even entered her own numbers into the algorithm. She was surprised by
44、the results. “I always considered myself a very healthy person. Im physically active; I eat what I consider a fairly healthy diet. But I did not find my results to be as good as I had hoped they would be. It was a wake-up call, ” she said. Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algo
45、rithm online so that anyone can calculate their biological age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run. “No one wants to live an extremely long life with a lot of chronic(慢性的) diseases, ” Levine said. “By delaying the development of mental and physical fu
46、nctioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years. That is the ideal we should be pursuing. ”【文章大意】本文为说明文, 讲的是关于生理年龄的研究。科学家们通过研究确定了最影响寿命的9个生物标志, 并希望人们能够根据结果发现潜在的危险, 采取措施使自己变得更健康。1. Biological age depends on _. A. whether we can adapt ourselves to the environmentB. how
47、well our body works compared with our peers C. when we start to take outdoor exerciseD. what the calendar says about our age【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels. ”可知生物学上的年龄指你的身体机能与平均健康水平相比的年龄, 故选B。2.
48、By saying “we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one” in Para. 2, the author means _. A. we dont have to celebrate our birthday every yearB. we are chronologically older than last yearC. we might be less happy than the previous yearD. we may be biologically younger th
49、an the year before【解析】选D。句意猜测题。根据第二段最后两句话可知, 生理年龄指的是我们应该吹灭的蜡烛的数目, 将来随着我们控制生理年龄的能力的进步, 或许我们可以越来越年轻, 与D项一致, 故选D。3. According to Prof. Levine, what is the most exciting thing about her research? A. The measures are not fixed. B. Health services can be set up. C. The problems are not that serious. D. Th
50、e research results are written in stone. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段第三句话可知, Prof. Levine认为最令人激动的是这些情况都不是固定不变的, 故选A。4. What does the author want to tell us by Levines example in Para. 5? A. It is necessary to change our diet regularly. B. The test results may give us wrong information. C. Waking up early in t
51、he morning is good for our fitness. D. The algorithm can reveal our potential health problems. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句话可知算式的结果表明 Levine并不像她自己以为的那么健康, 暴露一些潜在的健康问题, 故选D。5. The ultimate goal of Levines research is to _. A. free people from chronic diseasesB. work out a solution to genetic problems C. ke
52、ep people socially active even in old ageD. provide people with access to scientific theory【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句话中的“people can still be engaged in society in their senior years”可知通过推迟心理和生理机能问题的发展, 人们仍然可以在晚年参与社会, 故选C。【微技能点拨】 根据上下文解释和语境猜测句意本文第2题为句意猜测题, 解题思路如下: Step 1理解全文大意: 关于生理年龄的研究。Step 2定位要猜测的句子
53、所在的段落, 根据上下文语境进行猜测: 根据第二段最后两句话可知, 生理年龄指的是我们应该吹灭的蜡烛的数目, 将来随着我们控制生理年龄的能力的进步, 或许我们可以越来越年轻。Step 3对比选项, 确定答案D。【语用提能】话题词汇essentially; calculate; influential; potential; pursue短语compare to; take steps to; be engaged in熟词生义say v. 说, 讲; 表明; 体现; 显示; 说明; 指示. 话题与写作假定你是李华。你的英国笔友John写信告诉你近日他由于沉迷于电脑游戏, 健康受到很大影响。他十
54、分焦虑。请你根据以下要点提示, 给他写一封回信, 建议他养成良好的生活习惯。要点: 1. 限制玩游戏的时间, 把精力逐渐转移到其他事情上; 2. 规定每天起床和睡觉的时间, 形成良好的作息习惯; 3. 每天锻炼半小时, 增强体质。注意: 1. 词数: 100左右; 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。_Step 1写作技巧1. 词汇及其要点信息听到/得知很伤心be sorry to hear. . . 沉迷于be addicted to. . . 愿意给你一些建议be willing to give you some advice养成习惯 form a. . . habit of. . .
55、锻炼身体, 增强体质do some exercise to strengthen/build up your health2. 完成句子你应该限制玩电脑游戏的时间, 多注意一些其他事情, 比如参加各种各样的课外活动和交朋友。You should limit the time that you play computer games and pay more attention to other things such as attending all kinds of after-school activities and making friends. 你应该在固定的时间起床、入睡, 以便养
56、成定时起床与入睡的好习惯。You should get up and go to bed at a specific time so that you can form a regular habit of getting up and going to bed. 3. 句式升级(用非谓语动词)得知你沉迷于对你健康有坏影响的电脑游戏我很伤心。I am very sorry to hear that you are addicted to computer games. Computer games have had a bad effect on your health. Hearing th
57、at youre addicted to computer games which have had a bad effect on your health, I am very sorry. Step 2妙笔成篇(尽量使用本单元所学知识点)Dear John, Hearing that youre addicted to computer games which have had a bad effect on your health, I am very sorry. I know you worry about it very much. As a good friend, Im wil
58、ling to give you some advice to help you get rid of it. Firstly, you should limit the time that you play computer games and pay more attention to other things such as attending all kinds of after-school activities and making friends. Secondly, you should get up and go to bed at a specific time so th
59、at you can form a regular habit of getting up and going to bed. Last but not least, you should do some exercise for about half an hour to strengthen your health every day. I do hope that you can get rid of computer games and live a healthy life. Best wishes! Yours sincerely, Li Hua【加固训练】阅读填句You forg
60、ot to set your wake-up alarm. As you slowly come to realize that youre going to be extremely late for school or work, you begin to get into a panic. 1 So you leave home stressed, hungry and thirsty. If you often start your day in such a stressed state, then youll be sure to benefit from the suggesti
61、ons below. Wake up on time. Waking up on time (or even early) is necessary to start your day positively. 2 And you wont need to rush around at the last minute. Make your bed. Making your bed is probably the last thing you think about when you are prepared in the morning. This habit may be okay for s
62、tudents, but if you want to increase your motivation and productivity, you should definitely make your bed. 3Take a 10-minute walk in the morning. If you have a dog, then this will be an easy task for you. However, even if you dont own a dog, why not try walking for 10 minutes outside every morning?
63、 45 Organized people tend to do this work. It helps them keep track of what needs doing at home, work and beyond. The morning time is perfect for checking your to-do list. You may also find that you can delete some items that you completed the previous day. A. Check your to-do list. B. Theres no tim
64、e for any food or drink. C. Write down things youre grateful for. D. Fresh air and exercise will make you feel more energetic. E. It will give you space and time to complete your morning routine. F. Youll be rewarded by a tidy room, and a feeling of self-satisfaction. G. Each morning is the start of
65、 a new day, so why not learn something new? 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。假如你忘了设置闹钟, 意识到上课或上班要迟到, 你会又饿又渴带着压力离开家。如果你经常以这种压力状态开始你的一天, 那么你一定会从本文的建议中受益。1. 【解析】选B。下文提示“所以你带着压力离开家, 又饿又渴。”承接下文, B项Theres no time for any food or drink. (没有时间吃东西或喝东西。)切题。故选B。2. 【解析】选E。上文提示“准时起床(甚至早起)是积极开始一天的必要条件。”承接上文, E项It will give you spac
66、e and time to complete your morning routine. (它会给你空间和时间来完成你早上的日程安排。)切题。该项中的It指上文中的Waking up on time(or even early), 故选E。3. 【解析】选F。上文提示“这个习惯对学生来说可能是可以的, 但是如果你想提高你的动力和效率, 你绝对应该整理你的床。”承接上文, F项Youll be rewarded by a tidy room, and a feeling of self-satisfaction. (你会得到一个整洁的房间和一种自我满足的感觉。)切题。故选F。4. 【解析】选D。上文提示“然而, 即使你没有养狗, 为什么不试着每天早上在户外散步10分钟呢? ”承接上文, D项 Fresh air and exercise will make you feel more energetic. (新鲜空气和锻炼会让你感觉更有活力。)切题。故选D。5. 【解析】选A。此空是段落首句, 用短小精悍的祈使句, 应该在A/C中选。再根据空格下文“有条理的人倾向于做这项工作。”可知, A项 Check your to-do list. (检查你的待办事项清单。)切题。故选A。 关闭Word文档返回原板块