1、第2课定语从句 对应学生用书P245语法自测看高考怎么考单句语法填空1(2020新高考全国卷)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.2(2020全国卷)Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite
2、in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.3(2020全国卷)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.4(2019全国卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, which she opened with her late husba
3、nd Les.5(2019全国卷)They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.6(2019浙江卷)A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that/which gives off light in the dark.7(2019天津卷改编)Their c
4、hild is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.8(2019北京卷) The students benefitting most from college are those who/that are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources (资源).9(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the revi
5、ew also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.10(2018江苏卷改编)Selfdriving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.11(2018北京卷)She and her family bi
6、cycle to work, which helps them keep fit.12(2018天津卷改编)Kate, whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.要点突破知内容有哪些考点1关系代词引导的定语从句 /关系代词用法例句who用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。先行词指人，who在定语从句中作主语、宾语。在限制性定语从句中who可用that代替He who plays with fire gets burnt. 谚玩火者自焚。whom用于限制性或非限制性定
7、语从句。先行词指人，whom在定语从句中作宾语。在限制性定语从句中可用who或that代替，但介词提到关系代词前，只能用whomHe is the boy whom I gave the present to. 他就是我送礼物的那个男孩。which用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。先行词指物或一句话，which在定语从句中作主语、宾语。在限制性定语从句中 which可用that代替That is the book (that/which) I want to read. 那就是我想要读的那本书。that只用于限制性定语从句。先行词指人或物，that在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。指人时通常可以和w
8、ho，whom互换，指物时可以和which互换，但关系代词作宾语且介词提到其前面，不用thatI dont think anything that a critic ever says is worthy of consideration. 我认为评论家所说的事情并非都值得思考。whose用于限制性或非限制性定语从句。先行词指人或物，whose在定语从句中作定语，相当于of whom或 of whichI live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。续表关
9、系代词用法例句as用于限制性定语从句中，先行词指人或物，as在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用句型为：such(名词)as.(像一样的，像之类的)；the same名词as.(和同样的)You must show my wife the same respect as you show me. 对我妻子你必须和对我一样的尊重。用于非限制性定语从句中，as指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如，像”点拨下列情况只用that不用which(1)先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时；(2)先行词被the only，the v
10、ery，the same，all等修饰时；(3)先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；(4)先行词既有人又有物时。即时训练单句语法填空1Those who are interested in the film can contact me.2The book that/which I bought yesterday is really interesting.3Beijing，which is the capital city of China，is a very beautiful city.4My daughter，whose job requires her to
11、 do a lot of travelling，is always away from home.考点2关系副词引导的定语从句 /关系副词用法例句when指时间名词，作时间状语We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. 我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。where指地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，position，case，stage等)，作地点状语Students should involve themselves in co
12、mmunity activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。why指原因，作原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)Do you know the reason why he didnt attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？点拨当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词situation，case，stage，point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词wh
13、ich/that。即时训练单句语法填空1I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.2The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didnt study hard.3Sing！China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music where some have stood out among them.考点3“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 /构成用法例句名词(代词)介词关系代词可转化为“who
14、se名词”结构The newlybuilt caf，the walls of which (whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方。数词(形容词最高级)of关系代词数词还可以用some，many，most，each等不定代词替换Scientists have advanced many theories why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科
15、学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。续表构成用法例句介词(短语)关系代词关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。介词关系代词名词关系代词常用which 和whoseduring which time在此期间at which point在这一时刻介词关系副词有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词f
16、rom或toChina is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spreads to Japan, Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的发源地，从这里放风筝传到了日本、泰国和印度。即时训练单句语法填空1The poor man has no house in which he can live.2He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.3Recently, I bought an ancient vase，the price of which w
17、as very reasonable.考点4非限制性定语从句中as和which的区别whichas位置只能放在主句的后面位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末搭配无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等意思意为“这一点”，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系表示“正如，正像的那样”续表whichas例句The sports meeting was put off, which astonished me. 运动会被推迟了，这使我很吃惊。“You cant judge a book by its cover
18、，” as the old saying goes. 正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。点拨as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such, so, as或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。即时训练单句语法填空1It is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised us all.2As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.3Until now，we have raise
19、d 50，000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.技巧点拨析典题如何考技巧1根据从句所缺成分来确定关系词 /1如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句中用who。示例1A new teacher will teach you German will come here tomorrow.解析：从结构上看，空处是关系代词，修饰先行词A new teacher，指人，并且在从句中作主语，所以要用who/that。答案：who/that2. 如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾
20、语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom；非限制性定语从句中用whom。示例2The man with she was traveling was her boyfriend.解析：从结构上看，空处是介词with的宾语，修饰先行词The man，指人，所以要用whom/who/that。答案：whom/who/that3如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句中用which。示例3The movie Pompeii came out this February， many people think brings a touchi
21、ng love story to the audience.解析：分析句子结构可知设空处引导定语从句。从句中的many people think为插入语，将其删除可看出从句中缺少主语，并且从句为非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，故填which。答案：which4如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when/where; 如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。示例4As the dark horse, Chinas football team swept into the quarterfinals it lost to host country
22、Australia.解析：分析句子结构可知设空处引导定语从句。从句中不缺少主语和宾语，应用关系副词，而本题中先行词比较特殊，quarterfinals应视为地点对待，表示“在四分之一决赛赛场”，故填where。答案：where5不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。示例5My parents are the most important for me, without support, I wouldnt have reached that far.解析：“without support，.”为“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词my
23、 parents与support之间存在所属关系，因此填whose。答案：whose6如果先行词指人，“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。示例6Lucy invited many friends to dinner, some of her parents had never met before.解析：此处为“不定代词of关系代词”引导的定语从句，设空处指代先行词many friends, 同时作介词of的宾语，故填whom。句意：露西邀请了很多朋友去吃饭，她父母以前从没见过他们中的一些人。答案：whom技
24、巧2巧用固定结构选用关系词 /当题干中出现such，the same等或行为动词的被动语态时，就可考虑关系词as的固定结构，如such.as.，the same.as.，as is known，as is expected。但还要注意看定语从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语，如果不缺这三种句子成分，则不用as。示例7Those houses are sold at such a low price people expected.解析：本空应用关系词引导定语从句并在从句中作expected的宾语；空处所填词与前面的such构成固定结构such.as.，表示“像那样的”，因此这里用as引导定语从句。答案：as
