1、庖丁巧解牛知识巧学生词巧解【词析】音析:元音字母a发弱化音形析:astro-(宇宙航行)+nomy(学科）义析:the science of the universe beyond the earth【典句】When she was a child,she usually showed interest in astronomy.小时候,她对天文学很感兴趣。【拓展】同根词：astronomer天文学家;astrology占星术;astro-space宇宙空间;astro-engineer航天工程师;astrobiology太空生物学;astro-dog太空狗;astronaut宇航员【词析】音
2、析:io发,双音节词形析:vio+lent(lend的过去式）义析:using strong force.esp.of an unlawful kind【典句】In summer,we often have violent weather.夏天,气候通常很不温和。【拓展】1）习惯用法：a violent language激烈的语言；a violent storm猛烈的风暴；a violent attack猛攻2）-ent或-ant为形容词词尾,如果是ence则为名词。如important,distant,patient,silent等。【辨析】violent和wild violent强调破坏性
3、强的力量,含有害的或恶意的性质；wild强调“野性”之意,表示“不文明”之类。【词析】音析:字母组合ex发,o发音为形析:ex-(向外）+plode(碰撞) 义析:to burst out【典句】The bomb fell in a field and exploded.一颗炸弹落在田野上爆炸了。【辨析】explode 和burst burst 指由于内部压力增大而“爆炸”。explode指“爆炸”，用于炸弹、锅炉等。【词析】音析:字母组合ar发的音形析:harm(n.&v.伤害)+-ful(形容词后缀）义析:be able to hurt or injure【典句】Smoking is ha
4、rmful to your health.吸烟对你的健康有害。【拓展】重要搭配：do harm to = be harmful to对有害 【辨析】harm,hurt,injure和woundharm泛指任何损伤,而且是隐形的损害。hut指对肉体造成激烈的疼痛,也指对感情造成伤害。injure含义较广，既可指对身体的轻重伤害,也可指对感情、声誉等的不利影响。wound多指战争中受到的伤害,有明显的伤口。 【词析】音析:后缀ment的读音为形析:develop(发展）+-ment(名词后缀）义析:the act of developing【典句】Our government encourage
5、the development of small businesses.政府鼓励小公司的发展。【拓展】1）同根词：developing adj.发展中的；developed adj.发达的2）固定搭配：with the development of.随着的发展【词析】音析:e发,o发,字母组合th的读音为形析:met(遇见)+hod(灰浆桶)义析:a way of doing sth.【典句】He is a man of accuracy and strict method.他是一个精细而严谨的人。【辨析】 method,means和way 1)意义差别：method指有一套理论和系统作指导的
6、方法,强调条理性、高效性。means意为“方法；手段”,指采用整套的方式或者采用某些工具。way为普通用语,既可指具体的方法,也可指抽象的方法。2）搭配差别：“用这种方法”分别用这三个词表示为：with this method;by this means;in this way。 prevent. from阻止;制止【词析】义析:to keep (someone) from doing something【典句】The sunglasses will prevent the sun from burning your eyes.太阳镜将防止太阳光晒伤你的眼睛。【拓展】同义短语：stop.fro
7、m.;keep.from.注意：对于三个短语中from的省略情况,下列口诀有助于记忆：from很重要,省不省略要记好,下面提示供参考；prevent,stop,主动语态可省from,被动语态皆不能；keep一词怎么办,无论主动与被动,from常伴其身边。【词析】音析:前一个e发音为,后一个e发音为形析:de-(在下）+pend(悬挂）义析:be decided by sth.;follow from sth.【典句】Whether I can come depends.我能否来要看情况。【拓展】1）常用搭配：depend on依靠,依赖;that depends;/it (all) depen
8、ds那得看情况2)同根词：independence n.独立;dependent adj.依赖的;dependable adj.可靠的;dependence n.依赖【词析】音析:i发,字母组合ex的读音为形析:类似的词还有exit。 义析:to be real;there is【典句】Do you believe fairies exist？你相信真有神仙吗？【拓展】派生词：existence n.存在;生存【词析】音析:第一个e发e，s发浊辅音z形析:present(出席的)去t+ce义析:being in a place at a certain time【典句】Your presenc
9、e is requested at the shareholders meeting.敬请您出席股东大会。【拓展】1）常用搭配：in the presence of.在在场的情况下；当着2）反义词：absence n. 不在；缺席【词析】音析:前两个e分别读e和，o读形析:tele-(远距离传送的）+scope(范围） 【典句】The scientist is observing the stars through a telescope.这位科学家正在用望远镜观察星星。【拓展】tele-为前缀,如：telephone,television,telegraph。【词析】音析:i读，a读，读形析
10、:dis-(否定前缀）+appoint(约定）义析:to fail to fulfill hopes【典句】The news that he failed the exam disappointed them.考试不及格的消息使他们很失望。【拓展】1)同根词：disappointing令人失望的;disappointed失望的；disappointment n.失望2)常用搭配:be disappointed in/with sb./sth.对某人/某事失望be disappointed to do sth.对某事感到扫兴be disappointed at. 因感到失望to ones dis
11、appointment使某人失望的是【词析】音析:字母组合or的读音为义析:natural or physical power;make an unwilling person do sth.【典句】They forced the door open.他们强行把门打开。【拓展】常用搭配：force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事；by force用暴力；强迫性的；armed forces武装部队【词析】音析:字母组合eer的读音为形析:类似的词还有deer,beer等义析:to give a shout of happiness【典句】The crowd cheered loudl
12、y when the pop star appeared.歌星出现时,人群欢声雷动。【拓展】常用搭配：cheer up振作起来；cheer on.为喝彩；be of good cheer高兴,充满希望【词析】音析:字母a的读音为形析:类似的词还有class,glass,pass等义析:a large amount of things that does not have a certain shape【典句】There were masses of clouds in the sky.天空乌云密布。【拓展】词组：a mass of或masses of相当于a lot of或lots of。break out突发,爆发【词析】义析:suddenly happen【典句】The earthquake broke out in the south.地震在南方爆发。【拓展】和break相关的搭配：break up分裂,结束，解散；break down使崩溃，毁坏；break into打断，强行进入；break off断绝(关系）；break through突破；break out猛地爆发；break away逃走，逃脱break out没有被动语态,其他短语如：take place,come about
