1、 泉州市2014高考英语文章突破一轮训练（5）及答案社会生活类-2012上海卷 (C)Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stressrelated di
2、sorders. Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fightorflight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situat
3、ion (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fightorflight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, th
4、ey often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from othersespecially other females (“befriend”) Scientists have long known that in the fightorflight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain horm
5、ones (激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tendorbefriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress.
6、The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones. In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study f
7、ound that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost. The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day a
8、t work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs. The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stressre
9、lated disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tendandbefriend regulatory (调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _. A
10、. turn to friends for help B. solve a conflict calmly C. find an escape from reality D. seek comfort from children73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage? A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. C. Bo
11、th animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74. What can be learned from the passage? A. Male hormones help build up the bodys resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. C. Biological diffe
12、rences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. How men and women get over stressB. How men and women suffer from stress C. How researchers overcome str
13、ess problems D. How researchers handle stressrelated disorders【要点综述】本文主要介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因以及如何克服压力。72. C细节理解题。根据第二段中While men often react to stress in the fightorflight response和they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”)可判断男人更可能从现实中逃脱出来。73. D细节理解题。根据第三段中an important role is playe
14、d by certain hormones(激素) released by the body.和While men also secrete(分泌)oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.可判断，激素扮演重要角色，但是男人也分泌oxytocin，但是影响打折扣。74. C推理推断题。根据第五段中The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful
15、 day at work.推出在面对压力时，生理上的不同会导致行为的差异。所以选C。75. A主旨大意题。本文首先介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因，然后谈男女如何克服压力。*结束阅读理解、专题训练(*)、说明文的阅读 (1) 方法点拨说明文，即说明事物的文章。从内容上看，主要涉及科技、社会和文化生活等领域。它以介绍科学实验研究成果、人文地理知识等社会生活中值得关注的变化为主。说明文有一定的说明顺序和说明方法，如空间顺序、时间顺序等，其大体的成篇布局是：(1)总体叙述要说明的对象(文章主旨) 细节说明(细节理解)概括评述(推理判断)；(2)事物现象或变化(文章主旨)细节或原因阐述(细节理解)引发的
16、后果和相关启示(推论)。 活学活用阅读下面短文，从所给的四个答案中选出最佳选项(2011年广州高三英语调研测试)School phobia is a type of illness which causes students to be afraid to go to school.This condition is most commonly seen in children，typically between the ages of 813，and it can be very upsetting，especially if it is allowed to progress.Sympto
17、ms include stomach aches，tiredness，shaking，a racing heart and frequent trips to the toilet.This common phobia is associated with a wide variety of causes.Most commonly it is the result of separation anxiety，but it can also be caused by different kinds of stress.A child who has recently moved，suffere
18、d a loss，or gone through a divorce may develop school phobia，and phobias can also develop in response to bullying (欺侮)，an unrecognised learning disability，and poor selfimage.Understanding the cause of a school phobia is an important step in providing treatment.A child with school phobia usually refu
19、ses to go to school，or protests violently.He or she may become physically ill when ordered to school，or pretend to be sick to avoid going.When the child arrives at school，he or she may run away，or develop behavioural problems in class and on the playground.When school is discussed，the child can beco
20、me impatient，upset or angry.Many techniques can be used to manage school phobia，but research suggests that much more effective treatment is required for school phobia to prevent problems developing in later life.Children with this condition usually benefit from seeing a psychologist or doctor who ca
21、n help the child and provide assistance to help parents and school officials support the child.As soon as a school phobia is identified，parents should take action too.Like other phobias，school phobia gets worse the longer it is left untreated，and it can interfere with a childs success in school.Adju
22、stments can be made at home and in the classroom to help.If bullying is a cause，for example，the bullying situation should be solved.A teacher can meet the child at the door and take him or her to class，and provide support so that the child feels a friendly adult is always available.Changes at home c
23、an include supportive language from parents，along with support like assistance with homework.If a child lacks confidence，parents may encourage the child to take up new hobbies that will help them to feel good about themselves.Parents might also talk to their children about their own fears of school
24、and how they got over them，and their own enjoyment of school and schoollike activities.By following these methods we can help children to dispel their school phobia.以约30词概括文章大意_.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项1Which of the following topics is NOT discussed in the passage?AThe definition of school phobia.BThe history
25、of school phobia.CThe causes of school phobia.DThe effects of school phobia.2What is a useful treatment for school phobia according to the passage?AParents should allow their children occasional days off.BTeachers should be stricter with students.CChildren should be helped to develop a sense of achi
26、evement.DChildren should be regularly sent to psychologist.3The underlined word “dispel” (the last paragraph)probably means “_”Aaccept BrealizeCforget Dovercome4Which of the following statement might the author agree with?ASchool phobia is most often suffered by middle school students.BSchool phobia
27、 may have bad influence on childrens future life if neglected.CChildren with school phobia should not be given medical treatment.DMost children with school phobia are pretending to be ill.5What are some of the reasons for school phobia mentioned in the passage?ABullying，recent devoice and moving to
28、a new area.BLearning disability，impatience and poor concentration.CStomachache，poor school performance and aggressive teachers.DShaking，lack of confidence and few friends.参考答案The passage introduces the causes and bad influences of school phobia，which luckily can also be managed and treated by taking
29、 some technical measures with the help of parents.(29 words)1解析：事实细节题。全文没有提到恐学症的过去有什么症状。答案：B2C3解析：词义猜测题。综观全文可知，作者提出了帮助孩子 “克服恐学症”的几个建议。答案：D4解析：从Like other phobias，school phobia gets worse the longer it is left untreated，and it can interfere with a childs success in school可推知答案。答案：B5A*结束完形填空Words：393难
30、度系数：建议用时：15分钟(2012北京东城区期末检测)In my dual(双重的) profession _1_ an educator and health care provider，I have worked with many children infected with HIV.They have taught me so many things，but I have especially learned that great _2_ can be found in the smallest individuals.Let me tell you about Tyler.Tyle
31、r was _3_ infected with HIV; his mother was also infected.From the very beginning of his life，he was dependent on medications to _4_ him to survive.When he was five，he had a tube inserted in a vein(静脉)in his chest.At times，he also needed extra oxygen to support his _5_.Tyler wasnt _6_ to give up one
32、 single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease.It was not _7_ to find him playing and racing around his backyard，wearing his medicineloaded backpack and _8_ his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon (小手推车)All of us who knew Tyler were impressed by his pure _9_ in being alive and the
33、energy it gave him.Tylers mom often _10_ him by telling him that he moved so _11_ she needed to dress him in red.That way，when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard，she could quickly _12_ him.This deadly disease eventually _13_ down Tyler.He grew quite ill and，unfortunate
34、ly，_14_ did his HIVinfected mother.When it became _15_ that he wasnt going to survive，Tylers mom talked to him about _16_.She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too，and that she would be with him soon in heaven.A few days before his death，Tyler _17_ to me to come to his hospital bed a
35、nd _18_，“I might die soon.Im not _19_.When I die，please dress me in _20_.Mom promised shes coming to heaven，too.Ill be playing when she gets there，and I want to make sure she can find me.”【解题导语】病魔固然可怕，可是如何去勇敢地面对它？这是一个经常被人们讨论的话题，本文一个身患绝症的小男孩对待它的乐观态度一定能给大家以启迪。1A.inBforCas Don解析：选C。由第一空后面的an educator a
36、nd health care provider可知，前面缺少表示“作为”的介词来连接后面的双重职业身份，选项中as后面接表身份或职业的名词。2A.pleasure BpainCsorrow Dcourage解析：选D。从下文可知，“我”特别了解到了Tyler这个弱小的家伙身上有着巨大的勇气。courage“勇气”。pleasure“快乐”；sorrow“悲伤”；pain“痛苦”都不符合语意。3A.seriously BbornCunluckily Ddisappointingly解析：选B。be born infected with HIV表示“天生/出生时携带HIV”，从后半句his mot
37、her was also infected和后一句可以推知答案选B项。4. Acause BenableCmake Dlead解析：选B。从上文提示可知，他依赖药物治疗，这能使他活下去。enable“使能够”。cause“引起”；make“使得”，应该用make sb.do sth.结构；lead“导致”，应该用lead to sth.。5A.breathing BlivingCrunning Dwalking解析：选A。从该句中的oxygen可知，他需要额外的氧气来支撑他的呼吸，其他选项不符合语境。6A.happy BwillingCdaring Ddiscouraged解析：选B。根据下文
38、语境可知，Tyler不愿意放弃他童年的快乐时间，此处语意表示他的心理状态，故用be not willing“不乐意，不愿意”。7A.common BunusualCsurprised Dordinary解析：选B。所以我们经常可以看到Tyler背着装满药物的背包，后面小车中拖着氧气瓶，在后院玩耍、跑步。8. Adragging BcarryingCpushing Dtaking解析：选A。从常识可知，车在后面，应该是拖着，而不是carry“携带”；drag“拖着”。push“推”；take“带走”。9A.character BjoyCmoment Dexcitement解析：选B。从上下文可知
39、，“我们”都对Tyler的那种努力活下去的纯真快乐(joy)印象深刻。character“性格”；moment“时刻”；excitement“兴奋”。10A.comforted BscoldedCteased Dpraised解析：选C。从常识判断，他母亲也是苦中作乐，常取笑他，告诉他跑得太快了，以至于他需要穿红色衣服，以便她透过窗户看他的时候能够很快发现他。tease“取笑”；comfort“安慰”；scold“指责”；praise“表扬”，都与语境不符合。11A.slowly BhappilyCgently Dfast解析：选D。slowly和happily不符合语境，quickly强调动
40、作迅速、敏捷，而fast则强调速度快，D项符合语境。12A.know BspotCstop Drealize解析：选B。spot这里表示“发现，看见”。13A.tore BbrokeCwore Dkicked解析：选C。从上下文可知，这致命的病最终消耗了Tyler的生命。wear down“(使)消耗，损耗”；tear down“拆毁，拆卸”；break down作“垮掉”讲时人作主语，即用Tyler broke down才对；kick down“踢倒”。14A.neither BsoCsuch Dnor解析：选B。此处是so引起的倒装结构，表示“他母亲也如此(快要死了)”，所以选B项。15A
41、.obvious BhopelessCsure Dterrible解析：选A。obvious“明显的，显然的”；hopeless“无望的”；sure跟从句时不能是it作主语；terrible“可怕的，糟糕的”。语境表示“很明显Tyler活不了了”，故选A项。16A.life BdreamCfuture Ddeath解析：选D。他母亲跟他聊起了死亡的话题。由后面一句可知答案选D项。17A.waved BsaidCsigned Dexplained解析：选C。他死前几天示意我到他病床边。sign“示意”。wave“招手，挥手”，一般不跟不定式。18A.whispered BshoutedCcried Dspoke解析：选A。由常识判断，他濒临死亡，肯定很虚弱，只能轻轻地向我说。B、C两项不符合语境，D项后面通常不跟直接引语。whisper“低语，耳语”。19A.excited BsurprisedCscared Dhappy解析：选C。Tyler说他不害怕死亡，但他死后，要给他穿红色衣服，这样在天堂他母亲就能很容易地认出他来。根据语境选C项。scared“害怕的”。20A.red BwhiteCbright Dbeauty解析：选A。文中11空后有提示，解析参考第19题。*结束