1、专题01 冠词、名词2022年高考真题1.（2022新高考I卷）Covering an area about three times _ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.答案：the解析：考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。2（2022全国甲卷）_ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered
2、 to be his companion during the trip. 答案：A解析：考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。3.（2022全国乙卷）To celebrate _ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 答案：the解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人
3、博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。4.（2022年浙江 1月真题）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of _ time, they agreed.答案：the解析： 考查冠词。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Co
4、bb询问的时间范围内，故填the。5.（2022.6新高考1卷 语法填空）The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate _62_ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and _eventually (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 答案：.populations解析： 考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和an
5、d后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。6.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _largest_ (large) tea-producing country, China has a _65_ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea
6、 industry. 答案： responsibility 解析：考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。2021年高考真题1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is10must to visit!【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，must 为名词，表示必须的事，所以前应用冠词，且无特指。故填a。2.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）The rolling s
7、ea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we2(human) are.【答案】humans【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and9(watchtower) to take pictures.【答案】watchtowers【解析】
8、考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。4.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）.9(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aimto have a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】Activities【解析】考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复数形式
9、。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动。故填Activities。5.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because theyre of the same age and can understand each other. 【答案】friend改为friends【解析】考查名词的单复数。主语为Many students ， their friend or classmates 中or前后一致，故前面应该把friend 改为friends。6.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填
10、空）It is calculated by dividing a3(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 254(consider) healthy.【答案】persons【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight可知weight和person是从属关系。故答案为persons。7.（2021.6全
11、国甲卷 语法填空）It took us about 3 hours to go all8way around the Xian City Wall. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。 all the way 为固定搭配，意为 自始自终，一路上 。故填the。8.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Due to5growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various typesoftrips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a tru
12、e eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:【答案】the 【解析】考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的growing popularity of一起作to的宾语，构成the growing popularity of的固定用法。句意：因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越流行。故填the。9.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）9Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. 【答
13、案】the 【解析】考查定冠词the，the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人。句意：林肯一家人在1856年把房子扩建为一栋二楼，以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。10.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） In 1844 they bought itfor 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their3(marry) ceremony in 1842.【答案】marriage【解析】考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marrymarriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresse
14、r 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。11.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. 【答案】dish改为dishes【解析】考查名词。根据此句中的after meals可知， 此处指多种菜品，应该用名词的复数形式。故把dish改为dishes。12.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to bec
15、omeeducated about the areasboth in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the2(develop) of the local areas.【答案】development【解析】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。13.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）Great improv
16、ements in public health have been brought about byin medical science.A. traditions B. advances C. pressures D. examples【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：由于医学的进步，公共卫生有了很大的改善。A. traditions 传统； B. advance提前、前进； C. pressures压力； D. examples例子。根据句意可知，本空应填advances。故选：B。2020年高考真题1.（2020新课标I卷语法填空）The far side of the moon i
17、s of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。2.（2020新课标I卷短文改错）Next I broke the eggs into a b
18、owl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。3.（2020新课标II卷语法填空）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析
19、】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。4.（2020新课标II卷短文改错）Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.【答案】将vacations改为vacation【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。5. （2020江苏卷单项填空）The heal
20、th security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _.A. reservationB. transformationC. distinctionD. submission【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。2019年高考
21、真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】26.Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。2.【2019天津卷单项填空】7.We can observe that
22、 artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。3.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar
23、bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。4【2019新课标I卷短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.【解析】考
24、查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。5.【2019新课标II卷短文改错】Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in th
25、e five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. 【答案】Since I was a kid, Ive considered different （1）I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so （2）. Then, when I was in the （3） grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my Engl
26、ish teacher （4） much.【解析】（1）考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。（2）考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。（3）考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。（4）考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“
27、如此以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太以至于不能”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too改为very/so。6.【2019浙江卷语法填空】Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。2018年高考真题1.【2018天津】6. The_ that there is life on other planets in the universe has a
28、lways inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A. adviceB. orderC. possibilityD. invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other p
29、lanets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。2.【2018江苏】32. Trytounderstandwhatsactually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.A. assignmentB. associationC. acquisitionD. assumption【答案】D【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening实际发生和inst
30、ead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。3.【2018新课标卷I语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).【答案】causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早
31、亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。4.【2018新课标卷I短文改错】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.【答案】countryside前加the考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。【解析】countryside前加the考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。5.【2018新课标卷II语法填空】Corn production has jumpe
32、d nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。6.【2018新课标卷III语法填空】Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and
33、 then a 400-pound male appears.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。7.【2018新课标卷III语法填空】My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a _66_(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.【答案】scientist 【解析】根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。8.【2018浙江卷语法填空】Few people I know seem to have much desire or tim
34、e to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。8.【2018浙江卷语法填空】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.【答案】weight【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，
35、用名词修饰problems，故填weight。1.【2017新课标卷I语法填空】As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示结果。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。2.【2017新课标卷II 语法填空】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61(crowd) on the
36、roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.【答案】crowds【解析】考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。2.【2017新课标卷II 语法填空】This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64top.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在 top前加the。2016年高考真题1.【2016浙江】4. It is impor
37、tant to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your _.A. condition B. income C. credit D. status【答案】C考点：考查名词辨析。【名师点睛】名词最常考的命题形式是名词词义辨析，对于同义词辨析，我们一定要平时注意积累。由做题经验可知，同义词辨析大多是在具体语境中，由关键固定短语来判断的。真正的词义辨析题很少。常考的名词词义辨析词有: custom风俗习惯；habit个人习惯；tradition传统；scene场景；scenery自然风景（总称）；view
38、特定位置的景观；sight人文或历史景观；skill技能；ability能力；talent才华；strength优势，长处 等等。这题中的credit属于一词多义，有时也会考查熟词生义。2.【2016天津】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight. A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。考点：考查名
39、词辨析。【名师点睛】词汇辨析是每次试卷中必然出现的题型，所以平时一定要把词汇放在句中进行记忆。在复习词汇的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照点-线-面顺序，构建知识网络环境，对知识内容进行巩固、深化和提升，这样才能提高复习知识点的效率。这样，再做单项填空题时，就会觉得游刃有余。对于英语中的词汇用法，平时要多归纳总结，词汇用法的特殊语法规则更要特别记忆。最好把词汇放在句子中，连同句子一起记忆，这样能够加强记忆。3.【2016浙江】2._prize for the winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.A. The
40、; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a【答案】D【解析】试题分析： 句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词，第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。故选A。考点：考查冠词。【名师点睛】本题着重理解定冠词和不定冠词的区别，定冠词the表示特指，不定冠词a/an表示泛指；对于冠词特指和泛指的考查是历年来高考的必考点，平时的学习要多进行积累，仔细分析特指还是泛指。同时，更为重要的是要多去积累习惯表达，特殊表达，这也是近几年高考习惯考的地方。总而言之，多解题、多理解、多积累才是关键。做冠词的题目语感非常重要，平时阅读的时候，注意出现冠词的地方，体会是特指还是泛指。4.【2016江苏】24. Can you tell us yourfor happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely.A.recipeB.recordC.rangeD.receipt【答案】A考点：考查名词辨析