1、(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1beast n 野兽2quilt n. 被子；棉被3onion n. 洋葱4skateboard n. 滑板5yogurt n. 酸奶；酸乳酪6melon n. (各种)瓜7wrinkle n. 皱纹8spear n. 矛；枪9eyebrow n. 眉毛10arrowhead n. 箭头11excavate vt. 挖掘；发掘12craftsmanship n. 技艺；手艺；精工细作13hammer n. 铁锤；锤子14tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的15ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的16scratch n. (刮、抓、划的)痕
2、迹；搔；挠vt. 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏 17dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的；眩晕的；使人 发晕或困惑的18primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的19howl vt.& vi. 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫n. 长嚎；嗥叫20worship vt.& vi. 崇拜；敬奉n. 崇拜；敬神.重点单词写其形1acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的； 深刻的2alternative n.adj.纵联1 3somehow adv. 以方式；不知怎么地4album n. 相册；集邮册；唱片5spit vt. 吐出 (唾液、食物等)vi. 吐痰6delete vt. 删；删除7pulse vi.
3、强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动n. 脉搏；节拍8category n. 种类；类别；范畴9arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引n. 逮捕；拘留10kindergarten n. 幼儿园11regardless adv. 管；不顾.拓展单词通其变1identify vt.确认；识别；鉴别identification n辨认；鉴定identity n身份；一致；同一性2archaeology n考古学archaeological_ adj.考古学的；与考古学有关的archaeologist_ n考古学家3starvation n挨饿；饿死starve vi.挨饿；饿死4accuracy n精确；准确accu
4、rate adj.准确的；精确的accurately adv.准确地；精确地纵联25interrupt vt.&vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruption n打断；打岔；中止6assume vt.假定；设想assuming_ conj.假设；假定assumption n设想；假定；担任纵联37sharpen vi.& vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰；削尖sharp_ adj.锋利的sharpener_ n磨具；削具8messy adj.凌乱的；脏的mess_ n凌乱；脏9analysis n分析analyses (pl.)analyse vt.分析10ripen vt.& vi
5、.使成熟；成熟ripe adj.成熟的11significance n意义；意思；重要性；重要意义significant adj.重要的12systematic adj.有系统的；有计划的；有条理的systematically adv.系统地system_ n系统；制度13academy n学院；学会；学术团体；院校academic_ adj.学术的14receptionist n接待员；招待员receive v接收reception n接待；接收15division n划分；分割；分配；分界线divide v分开；分割；划分16applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏applause
6、n鼓掌17accelerate vi.& vt.加速；促进acceleration n加速度18skilful adj.有技巧的；熟练的skill n技能；技巧skilled_ adj.熟练的；有技能的纵联1.多种“选择”供你选alternative n可能的选择option n选择optional adj.可选择的 choice n选择choose v选择 select v挑选elect v推举；选择 pick v挑选vote v& n选出；选举纵联2.cy 名词后缀词速记accuracy准确；精确 efficiency效率；效能fluency流畅；流利 frequency屡次；频率tend
7、ency倾向；趋势 agency代理；中介currency货币；通货 emergency 紧急情况纵联3.v.ing也可以是介词或连词assuming conj.假设；假定considering prep. 鉴于；考虑到including prep. 包含；包括supposing conj. 假设；假如providing conj. 假设；如果concerning prep. 关于following prep. 在之后单元话题考古与古代文化子话题1考古anthropologist n人类学家 human n人类 origin n起源 ruins n遗迹；废墟remains n遗迹；遗骸 rel
8、ic n遗物；文物skull n颅骨 tribe n部落originate v起源于 prehistoric adj.史前的子话题2文化渊源forefather n祖先；前辈 era n时代ancient adj.古代的 period n时期civilization n文明 dynasty n朝代emperor n皇帝 slavery n奴隶制度 occupy vt.攻占；占领 sacrifice vt.牺牲aggression n侵略 revolution n革命historical adj.与历史有关的 historic adj.有历史意义的学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1
9、(2018北京高考阅读D)Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systemsand our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so
10、far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make
11、 sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.写出system在本单元的形容词：systematic,_意为“有系统的；有条理的”写出加彩词在本单元的反义词：accelerate,_意为“加速；促进”；联想一下，我们学过的表示“加速”的短语有pick_up_speed,_speed_up写出option在本单元的近义词：alternative2(2016天津高考阅读A)Regardless of your choice of course, youll develop your language a
12、bility both quickly and effectively.Our Standard Course guarantees a significantincrease in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas speaking, listening, reading and writing.加彩词在此处与of构成短语，意为：不管significant的词性为形容词，意为：显著的，在本单元的同根名词为：significance高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根
13、据汉语及提示词翻译句子)(2016浙江高考书面表达)计划具有重要意义，因为它系统地安排了我们如何做我们想做的事情。(significance, systematically)Planning_is_of_significance_because_it_arranges_systematically_how_we_do_what_we_want_to_do.(二)课堂重点释疑1alternative adj.供选择的；其他的n.可能的选择；选择对象记牢(1)an alternative to的替代物(to是介词)have the alternative of A or B要么做A，要么做B；在A
14、或B二者中选一个have no alternative/choice/option but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事(2)“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式：cant do sth.but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.练通单句语法填空The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating (communicate) with others.The App asks its users to report accidents and other ro
15、ad conditions in real time so other users can avoid the traffic by using an alternative route.写美一句多译失败乃成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it.(alternative)Failure is the m
16、other of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we can do nothing but face failure bravely and learn from it.(nothing)2interrupt vt.& vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止记牢(1)be interrupted by被打断/阻断(2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物without interruption 连续地；不断地练通单句语法填空He was writing a poem when he was_interrupted (inter
17、rupt) by a knock at the door.(2017全国卷)Interruptions (interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done.写美补全句子(2018北京高考书面表达)为了帮助他们更好地了解我们的饮茶文化，我们带他们去了我们学校的茶室。在那里，我连续几小时不间断地向他们介绍了泡茶的历史和不同种类的茶。 To help them better understand our teadrinking culture, we took them to
18、 the tea room in our school, where_I_introduced_the_history_of_teamaking_and_different_kinds_of_tea_to_them_for_several_hours_without_interruption.3assume vt.假定；设想记牢(1)assume .to be .假定/假设是It is assumed that . 一般认为(2)assumption n. 假定；假设make an assumption 认为；假定(3)assuming (that) . 假设/假定练通单句语法填空If you
19、 make an assumption (assume) that something is true or will happen, you accept that it is true or will happen.It is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.写美补全句子假设这个计划是可行的，你将如何实现它呢？Assuming_that_the_plan_is_practical,_how will you achieve it?4sig
20、nificance n意义；意思；重要性；重要意义记牢(1)be of significance to .对有重要意义attach significance to . 认为重要(2)significant adj. 重要的；明显的It is significant that 很明显练通单句语法填空In my view, practicing handwriting is of great significance (significant) to the students growth.She showed special concern for the college students an
21、d attached much significance to educating (educate) them.It is significant (significance) that nowadays fiber is still considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.写美翻译句子我坚信我们越多地了解这个名言的意义，我们在日常学习和工作中就会获益越多。I_firmly_believe_that_the_more_we_are_aware_of_the_significance_of_this_famous_saying,
22、_the_more_benefits_we_will_get_in_our_daily_study_and_job.词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1The government has taken tentative (试探性的) steps towards solving the countrys economic problems.2At our hotel, services are available to all, regardless (不管) of income or social status.3The plants need the right amount of sunlig
23、ht and rain to grow and ripen (成熟)4As we all know, most of us middle school students feel somehow (不知怎么地) nervous whenever were taking an important exam.5Whats worse, they spat/spit (吐痰) and even threw rubbish into the lake, totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.6Delete (删除) the
24、 things that you dont really need, so you can save a lot of resources.7He was arrested (逮捕) for spreading rumors on the Internet.8My grandma still has very acute (敏锐的) hearing, though she is eighty.单句语法填空1He added that probiotics (益生菌) were not an alternative to a healthy diet.2It is commonly assume
25、d that the growth of GDP and the development of peoples living conditions are not necessarily cause and effect.3I am not accustomed to being_interrupted (interrupt) when studying or working.4Nothing in the room is in a mess, so I think they couldnt have searched it.5The mechanic who wishes to do his
26、 work well must first sharpen (sharp) his tools.6The escaped prisoner got arrested (arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.7Scientists _have_identified (identify) more than forty chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer in humans and animals.8In cont
27、rast to our ignorance of saving food, many people especially those in povertystricken areas are suffering from starvation (starve).根据提示补全句子1如果你想脱颖而出，除了努力工作别无选择。(alternative)If you want to stand out, there_is_no_alternative_but_to_work_hard.2人们普遍认为压力是由工作太多导致的。(assume)It_is_generally_assumed_that stre
28、ss is caused by too much work.3新药品的发现对患癌症的人意义非凡。 (significance)The discovery of the new drug is of_great_significance_to people suffering from cancer.4上海已经加速了成为世界级的旅游胜地的步伐。(accelerate)Shanghai has_accelerated_the_pace_of_becoming a worldclass tourist destination.5请原谅我打扰你。(interrupt)_Please_excuse_me
29、_for_my_interrupting_you.语境辨义根据语境选出arrest的词性和词义(A)vt.吸引(注意) (B)n.逮捕；拘留(C)vt.逮捕 (D)vt.抑制；阻止1The escaped prisoner got arrested immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again._C_2Her laughter arrested our attention and we all stared at her._A_3She was put under house arres
30、t two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last years election._B_4The treatment arrested the growth of the disease._D_(一)课前自主学习串记1至多；最多2cut_up 切碎；伤心3care_about 在乎；关心4be_aware_of 意识到5regardless_of 不管；不顾6keep_out 关在门外；不准入内串记2 受够了；饱受；厌烦8look_ahead 向前看；为将来打算串记3 追溯到；始于10with/in_relief 轻松地；欣慰地； 如释
31、重负地同根短语串记串记1.“at名词或代词”短语荟萃at most至多；最多 at least至少at present目前；现在 at work在工作at ease自由自在地串记2.“厌烦；讨厌”一族速记fed up with受够了；厌烦 be tired of厌烦于be bored of厌倦于 be sick of讨厌串记3.无被动语态的动词短语聚焦date from/back to追溯到 belong to属于consist of由组成 come true变成现实take place发生 break out爆发run out用光 come up提出1keep them warm保暖2suf
32、fer from 遭受3be made of 由做成的4show sb.round 带某人参观5be worried about 担心6fill in the chart 填写表格7make fires 生火8a great honour for sb. 对某人来说很荣幸1Our evidence suggests_that_they_did_wear clothes made from animal skins.我们的证据表明他们的确穿用兽皮做成的衣服。2Yes, indeed, as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us,_all the fields
33、around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.是的，很对。正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的，这儿四周曾是一个很大浅水湖的一部分。3If_only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！4Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.她突然坐了下来，结果被爱吵闹的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅
34、读中的短语(补全句子)1(2016全国卷阅读C)In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at_most (至多)2(2015全国卷阅读D)Stonehenge is one of the worlds most famous prehistoric monuments dating_back (追溯到) over 5,000 years.高考采撷(二) 写作中的
35、短语和句式(补全句子/翻译句子)1(2013江西高考书面表达)我们已经厌倦了紧张的学习计划，在4月10日组织了一次爬山活动来放松自己。(fed up with)We_had_been_fed_up_with_tight_study_schedule and organized a mountainclimbing on April 10 to relax ourselves.2(2018全国卷书面表达)众所周知，中国人非常重视餐桌礼仪。(as引导非限制性定语从句)As_is_known_to_all,_Chinese_people_attach_great_significance_to_go
36、od_table_manners.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1regardless of不管；不顾记牢despite/in spite of尽管；不管with regard to 关于；至于练通单句语法填空She is determined to do it regardless of all consequences.Dr.Bethune continued working in spite of cutting his hand during an operation.With regard to my favorite Chinese poet, Id like to introduce
37、 Du Fu to you.用准(1)regardless of强调不认为重要，从而不加以重视或考虑。(2)regardless of .后可接whether, what引导的从句，而despite/in spite of后常接名词，不接从句。写美补全句子(2016江苏高考书面表达)除此之外，网络使调查和投票无论在时间上还是空间上变得容易、方便了。In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless_of_time_and_space.2date back (to .)追溯到；始
38、于记牢date from追溯到；始于；起源于out of date 过时的up to date (with .) 赶上(的)潮流练通单句语法填空My interest in stamp collecting dates (date) back to my schooldays.Dating (date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city.Everyone should keep on getting himself educa
39、ted so as to be up to date with modern technology.用准date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时，常用现在分词。写美补全句子(2018北京高考书面表达)中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。Chinese teadrinking culture has a long history dating_back_to_more_than_1,000_years_ago.句式集释if only .“要是就好了”教材原句If_only she had looked ahead and planned bett
40、er this year!悟拓展例句(1)If only he had_lain (lie) quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.(2)Constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy.If only I had (have) a warm and harmonious family.(3)If only it would_stop (stop) raining, we could go for a walk.析用法规则用法归纳if
41、only .用来表达愿望，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。(1)if only .had done .表示与过去事实相反的愿望(2)if only .did .表示与现在事实相反的愿望(3)if only .could/would/might do .表示与将来事实相反的愿望(不用should)注意事项only if 是由only后接if条件状语从句构成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只有”，位于句首时， 主句要进行部分倒装。如：Only if you are aware of the importance of English can/will you learn it well.背写作佳句(1)(
42、2015重庆高考写作)If only I could go back and reset my goals！(要点句)(2)In fact, he inspired me to major in English in college.If only I had lived in his times and listened to his guidance！(要点句)词块、句式过关综合训练.选词填空date back to， at most， be aware of， with relief， cut up， look ahead， fed up with， regardless of 1Reg
43、ardless_of your choice of course, youll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.2Every year, a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old tower dating_back_to the eleventh century.3“Cut_up the meat before you put them into the pot”， mother told me.4The librarian told us tha
44、t we could borrow at_most three books at a time.5Whenever we are in trouble, we must look_ahead and encourage ourselves.6I wouldnt like to work together with him, I am fed_up_with his laziness and carelessness.7Having finished all the housework, Mary dropped herself into the sofa, sighing with_relie
45、f.8The good news is that we are_aware_of the importance of fresh water and its shortage we are facing.根据提示补全句子1像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。 (as引导非限制性定语从句)Mike, as_we_expected,_attended the meeting.2这位新闻记者终于打通了这位著名的电影明星的电话，结果却被告知他不想接受采访。(only to do)The news reporter managed to get through the famous film star,
46、 only_to_be_told he didnt want to be interviewed.3老板建议召开一次会议，这表明他对我们的计划感兴趣。 (suggest that .)The boss suggested_holding a meeting and it suggested_that_he_was_interested_in_our_plan.4凯西在她儿子出生时辞了职，以便能够待在家里照顾孩子。(so that .)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so_that_she_could_stay_at_home and l
47、ook after her baby.5要是我没有放弃那次进一步学习的机会就好了！(if only)If_only_I_hadnt_given_up the chance to study further!.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。My husband, Tom,_has always been good with animals, but I was still amazed when he befriended a_female_grouse (松鸡). Its unusual for a grouse to have any contact w
48、ith people. In fact, theyre hard to spot, because they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.This grouse came into our lives in spring. Tom was working out in_the_field when he noticed her walking around at the edge of the field. She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be curious abo
49、ut what he was doing.Tom saw the friendly bird several times, and she got more comfortable around him. We quickly grew fond of the bird and decided to call her Mildred. One day, as Tom was working, Mildred came within a few feet of him to watch. Tom pretended he didnt see her and kept working to see
50、 what she would do next.Apparently, she didnt like to be ignored. Shed run_up_and_peck_(啄)_at_Toms_hands,_then back off to see what he would do. This went on for about 20 minutes, until Mildred became tired of the game and left.As spring went and summer came, Mildred started to come out more and mor
51、e often. Eventually Mildred felt comfortable enough to jump_up on Toms leg and stay long enough for me to get a picture of the two of them together. This friendly grouse soon felt comfortable not just with our family, but with anybody who walked or drove by. When hunting_season opened, we put a sign
52、 at the end of our driveway asking hunters not to shoot our pet grouse. My father, who lived down the road, also warned people not to shoot her. In fact, hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写
53、好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：One day, when Tom worked as usual, Mildred didnt show up. Paragraph 2：While all of us thought Mildred was dead, she came out the next spring with many small cute grouses. 写作步骤第一步：速读全文文本大意：本文是一篇记叙文。在文中作者讲述了自己一家人和一只松鸡的故事。作者的丈夫Tom在田间干活时看到一只胆大的松鸡，和别的松鸡不同，它不惧怕人类，慢慢这只
54、松鸡和作者一家越来越熟悉，甚至还会飞到Tom身上。后来这只松鸡和人们相处得越来越和谐，不但作者一家非常喜欢它，而且连猎人都驻足拍照留念。叙述意图：文章告诉我们要善待动物，并与它们和谐相处。第二步：细读全文1所给短文情景模式分析。whoTom, a female grouse, my father, hunterswhatMy husband befriended a female grouse.whenhunting season, spring, summerwherein the fieldwhyMy husband has always been good with animals.2对
55、原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。人与动物：Tom, a female grouse, Mildred, hunter时间、地点：hunting season, spring, in the field动作与心理描写：run up and peck at Toms hands, jump up, shoot第三步：精心谋篇1Paragraph 1：One day, when Tom worked as usual, Mildred didnt show up.有一天，当汤姆像往常一样工作时，Mildred没有出现。情节分析由文章最后结尾部分可知时间是hunting season，Mildred不
56、见了，首先去寻找，打听其下落，但结果仍没有找到，考虑到是打猎季节，松鸡是不是被猎杀了？作者和丈夫一定是忐忑不安。2Paragraph 2：While all of us thought Mildred was dead, she came out the next spring with many small cute grouses.我们都以为Mildred已经死了，第二年春天，她却带着许多可爱的小松鸡出来了。情节分析根据段首句可知，接下来的内容是描写作者和丈夫惊讶的表情，再围绕Mildred是雌松鸡写起，解释为什么前一段时间Mildred没有出现。接着描述一家人与Mildred及其孩子其乐
57、融融的景象，续写时要把事物美好的一面展示出来。最后与前文呼应，同样也是文章主题句，即人类要与动物和谐相处。第四步：初写成文Paragraph 1：1我们在田地里到处找她，但没有找到。We looked for her all_over_the_field,_but failed.2第二天，第三天Mildred还是没有出现。The_next_day,_the third day . Mildred still didnt appear.3汤姆非常担心，因为现在是狩猎季节。Tom was so_worried because it was the hunting season.4虽然我们不愿承认，
58、但我们认为她可能是被猎人猎杀了。We thought she was possibly shot by hunters though_we_didnt_want_to_admit_it.Paragraph 2：5你永远想象不出我们有多惊讶。You can never imagine how_surprised_we_were.6我们只是忘了她是只雌松鸡。We just_forgot she was a female grouse.7她整年都在照顾她的孩子。She was looking after her babies the_whole_year.8当她跑上去啄汤姆的手时，我们确信她回来了。
59、When she ran up and pecked at Toms hands, we were_sure she was back.9她像往常一样跳到汤姆的腿上，就像从没离开过一样。She jumped up on Toms leg as_usual just like she had never left.10从那时起，Mildred每天带着孩子来看我们。Mildred came to see us every day with her babies from_then_on.11我们希望能一直见到她。We hoped we could meet her all_the_time.12我
60、希望我们人类可以善待这些野生动物，尽力保护它们。I hope we human beings can be_friendly_to these wild animals and try our best to protect them.第五步：润色升级1用高级词汇替换要点2中的appear。appearturn_up2用spend time doing .改写要点7。She_spent_the_whole_year_looking_after_her_babies.3用and合并要点10和要点11。Mildred_came_to_see_us_every_day_with_her_babies
61、_from_then_on_and_we_hoped_we_could_meet_her_all_the_time.第六步：复查定稿Paragraph 1：One day, when Tom worked as usual, Mildred didnt show up. We looked for her all over the field, but failed. The next day, the third day . Mildred still didnt turn up. Tom was so worried because it was the hunting_season. W
62、e thought she was possibly shot by hunters though we didnt want to admit it.Paragraph 2：While all of us thought Mildred was dead, she came out the next spring with many small cute grouses. You can never imagine how surprised we were. We just forgot she was a_female_grouse. She spent the whole year l
63、ooking after her babies. When she ran_up_and_pecked_at_Toms_hands,_we were sure she was back. She jumped_up on Toms leg as usual just like she had never left. Mildred came to see us every day with her babies from then on and we hoped we could meet her all the time. I also hope we human beings can be
64、 friendly to these wild animals and try our best to protect them.掌握阅读技能之(七)概括概括能力要求较高，不仅考查略读文章、领会大意的能力，还考查能从文中提炼要点、并对要点进行归纳、加工的能力。在高考试题中大多会问及短文主题、标题、作者的写作意图、短文的学科分类及读者对象等。高考典例12016浙江卷C篇Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers
65、an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution (进化) provide
66、d human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something该段谈到要从科学研究的角度看待儿童的发展，说我们追求科学的态度其实源于我们的儿童时代。由此概括出
67、该段主旨是B项“研究婴儿的游戏或许有助于更好地理解科学”。 out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”Q：What is the main idea of the last paragraph?AThe world may be more clearly explained through childrens pla
68、y.BStudying babies play may lead to a better understanding of science.CChildren may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.DOnes drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.高考典例22016江苏卷C篇The most recent powerful Nin， in 199798, killed around 21,000 people and cau
69、sed damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Nino come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute ( ODI ), however, just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on
70、reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.ODI的数据分析Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely
71、 that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors, civil conflict is related to El Nins harmful effects and the poorer th
72、e country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disas
73、ters linked to El Nin， reducing their losses needs to be the priority. 如何防止厄尔尼诺带来次生灾害Q：What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce El Nin and its origin.BTo explain the consequences of El Nin.CTo show ways of fighting against El Nin.DTo urge people to prepare for El Nin.作者从上面两个方面鼓励人们以正向心态积极应对厄尔尼诺现象。故选D项。
