1、小题必练12：语法填空该题型旨在通过语篇测试考生的英语语言知识与技能，在完整、真实、综合的语境中多角度考查考生运用语法知识理解篇章的能力。【2020山东卷】Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 1 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their co
2、llection at home until it got too big 2 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 3 (form) the core collection of the British Museum 4 opened in 1759.The parts of a museum open to the public 5 (call) galleries or rooms. Often, o
3、nly a small part of a museums collection 6 (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 7 (they) living at a different ti
4、me in history or 8(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the citys Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 9 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 10peoples spare time and money
5、 with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.【答案】1wealthy2or3formed4which/that5are called6is7themselves8walking9accuracy10for【解析】1考查词性转换。句意:在18和19世纪，富人在旅途中收集植物、历史文物和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。2考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到藏品放不下了或者自己
6、去世了，才会把这些藏品捐给博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or。故填or。3考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯斯隆爵士的8万件藏品成为了大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in 1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。4考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。5考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数
7、概念。故填are called。6考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museums collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。7考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。8考查非谓语动词。此
8、处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。9考查词性转换。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。10考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了竞争”。故填for。【技法点拨】1. 利用体裁特点解题快速通读整篇文章, 了解其体裁特征, 理清其逻辑关系, 初步摸清文章的主题、大意、时态、语态等, 给分析句子和填空提供可
9、靠的逻辑推理依据。2. 利用句法分析解题语法填空主要是从语法角度入手, 对句子结构进行分析。简单句要分析其成分是否完整; 每种成分由什么样的词性来充当; 复合句要弄清从句的作用以及主从句之间的逻辑关系; 特殊句式要分析是否符合其固定的格式。3. 利用习惯搭配解题英语中有许多固定的词组、短语和句型, 在通读全文的基础上, 认真分析句子结构, 准确辨识句子中的这些固定搭配, 利用平时的积累, 基本上凭语感就可以解题。4. 利用语篇标志解题语篇是一系列连续的语段或句子所构成的语言整体, 其中各成分之间, 在形式上是衔接的, 在语义上是连贯的。起到语篇之间联系作用的词语就是语篇标志。如: firstl
10、y, secondly, next等表次序和列举; again, moreover, what is more等表递进; similarly, equally, as with等表相似; so, altogether, thus, in short等表总结等。利用这些语篇标志有助于准确把握句子之间的逻辑关系, 弄清文章的来龙去脉。AOn the first day of Winter Solstice (冬至), the Northern Hemisphere experiences the shortest day and the longest night of the year. Fro
11、m then on, the days become longer and the nights become 1._(short). The Winter Solstice also marks the 2._(arrive) of the coldest season in the year.As early as the Zhou Dynasty, people worshipped the gods on the first day of the Winter Solstice, 3._was also the first day of the new year. The Winter
12、 Solstice became a winter festival during the Han Dynasty. The celebratory activities were 4._(official) organized. On this day, both officials and ordinary people would have 5._rest.During Winter Solstice in North China, eating 6._(dumpling) is essential to the festival. People in the south are acc
13、ustomed to 7._(eat) wontons in midwinter. According to legend, the King of Wu was disgusted with all kinds of costly foods and 8._(want) to eat something different. Then, the beauty Xishi came into the kitchen to make “wontons” to honor the kings wish. He ate a lot 9._liked the food very much. To ho
14、nour Xishi, the people of Suzhou made wontons the official food 10._(celebrate) the festival.【答案】1.shorter 2. arrival 3. which 4.officially 5.a6.dumplings 7. eating 8.wanted 9.and 10.to celebrate【解析】本文为说明文。介绍了中国传统节气冬至。1.考查形容词比较级。句意：从那时起，白天变长，夜晚变短。根据上文the days become longer可知，此处指晚上变得更短。故填shorter。2.考查
15、词性转换。句意：冬至也标志着一年中最冷的季节的到来。根据空格前面的定冠词the可知，此处要用名词形式。故填arrival。3.考查定语从句。句意：早在周朝，人们在冬至的第一天，也就是新年的第一天祭神。此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词代替the Winter Solstice，在从句中作主语。故填which。4.考查词性转换。句意：庆祝活动正式组织起来了。空格位于were organized之间，应该用副词修饰动词organized，意为这些庆祝活动正式组织起来。故填officially。5.考查冠词。句意：在这一天，无论是官员还是普通百姓都可以休息一下。have a rest休息一下，为固定搭配
16、。故填a。6.考查名词复数。句意：在中国北方的冬至，吃饺子是节日必不可少的。dumpling是可数名词。此处用复数泛指饺子。故填dumplings。7.考查动名词。句意：南方人习惯在仲冬吃馄饨。be accustomed to（习惯于）中的to为介词，后面要跟名词，动名词等。故填eating。8.考查动词时态。句意：相传武王厌恶各种名贵食品，想吃些与众不同的东西。由空格前的and可知，此处动词与前面的was disgusted with为并列谓语，所以都用一般过去式。故填wanted。9.考查并列连词。句意：他吃了很多，非常喜欢这食物。根据空格两边的内容可知，此处应该为并列关系。意为：他吃了很
17、多（馄饨）并且非常喜欢这种食物。故填and。10.考查不定式。句意：为了纪念西施，苏州人把馄饨作为庆祝节日的官方食品。根据句子结构，此处要用不定式表示目的。故填to celebrate。BThe term “helicopter parents” refers to “a style of parents who are over focused on their children”. Helicopter parents are always making a big push to provide children with every opportunity 11._ (succeed)
18、.Helicopter parenting can develop for a number of reasons. Worries about the economy the job market, and the world can push parents toward taking more control 12._ their childs life. Adults who felt unloved or 13._(ignore) as children can overcompensate their own children. They feel that if they don
19、t involve 14._ (they) in their childrens lives, they are bad parents.One of the main problems with helicopter parenting 15._ (be) that it can have the opposite effect. For example, the house 16._ Mary lived with roommates was broken into. Mary called the landlord (房东) to fix an alarm system, but 17.
20、_ she could finish the negotiations, her mother rushed in and demanded action. “I felt that my mother 18._ (ruin) my communication with our landlord. She was well intended but only made me feel annoyed and defeated,” says Mary.19._ (obvious), over-parenting is motivated with the idea of doing good t
21、hings but it does the exact opposite. It makes the child feel 20._ (lack) in confidence, less competent in dealing with the stresses of life on their own. Theyre winning the battle, but actually losing the war.【答案】11. to succeed 12. over/of 13. ignored 14. themselves 15. is16. where 17. before 18. r
22、uined 19. Obviously 20. lacking【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“直升机父母”这一种教育孩子方式。11.考查非谓语动词。句意：“直升机父母”总是不遗余力地为孩子提供每一个成功的机会。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词are making，空处需填非谓语动词形式，此处修饰名词opportunity，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to succeed。12.考查介词。句意：对经济、就业市场和世界的担忧会促使父母更多地控制孩子的生活。take control of/over为固定短语，意为“控制”。故填of/over。13.考查非谓语动词。句意：小时候感到不被爱或忽视的成
23、年人可能会过度补偿自己的孩子。分析句子结构，felt为系动词，空处缺少表语，ignore和adults为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式作表语。故填ignored。14.考查代词。句意：他们觉得如果不参与孩子的生活，他们就不是好父母。主语they和宾语一致，需填其对应的反身代词形式。故填themselves。15.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“直升机父母”的一个主要问题是，它可能会产生相反的效果。此处陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时，主语为One of the main problems，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。16.考查定语从句。句意：例如，玛丽和室友住的房子被人闯入。分析句子结构，
24、空处引导定语从句，先行词the house在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。17.考查状语从句。句意：玛丽打电话给房东去修警报系统，但她还没来得及和房东谈完，她妈妈就冲了进来，要求房东采取行动。结合语境可知，此处表示“在她刚要结束谈判之前”，before意为“在之前”。故填before。18.考查动词时态。句意：我觉得我母亲毁了我和房东的交流。根据felt可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时。故填ruined。19.考查副词。句意：显然，过度教育的动机是做好事，但结果却恰恰相反。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Obvious
25、ly。20.考查非谓语动词。句意：这会让孩子感到缺乏自信，无法独自应对生活中的压力。分析句子结构，feel为系动词，后接形容词作表语。故填lacking。CIf you come across an 85-year-old woman walking slowly with a walker in the Childrens Hospital of Soochow University, dont take her 21._a patient. Instead she is a doctor, 22._ still insists on working in the hospital.Shen
26、g Jinyun, born in 1935, a famous expert in pediatric asthma (儿科哮喘)，23._ (treat) about 30,000 patients suffering asthma so far. She is known as “the 24._ (much) beautiful grandma doctor” by others. However, she still sees 40 patients every day. Sheng has always stuck to her post though she had two bo
27、nes 25._ (break) in a fall a month ago.So now she can only walk with the help of a walker. Others dont understand her. In their eyes, she 26._ (expect) to live a peaceful life in this old age. But she wants to cure more 27._(child).One of Shengs most 28._ (impress) experiences happened in her 50s. S
28、he saw 146 patients from 7:45 am to 9:45 pm that day, eating nothing except some milk. Though 29._ (award) the “lifelong achievement physician in pediatrics”, Sheng seems not proud at all. She said it was her goal to be a diligent person 30._ good doctor.【答案】21. as/for 22. who 23. has treated 24. mo
29、st 25. broken26. is expected 27. children 28. impressive 29. awarded 30. and【解析】这是一篇人记叙文。文章介绍著名儿科专家盛锦云不辞辛劳为人民看病的一生。21.考查固定搭配。句意：不要把她误认为一个病人。take sb for sb 为“把某人误认为某人”；take sb as翻译为“将某人当作”，都满足句子意思。故此题填as/for。22.考查定语从句。句意：相反，她作为一名医生，她依然坚持在医院工作。此处doctor是先行词，指人，在后面的限制性定语从句中作主语。横线前有逗号，所以不能填that。故填who。23.
30、考查现在完成时态。句意：1935年出生的盛锦云，是著名的小儿哮喘专家，迄今已治疗了约3万名哮喘患儿。此处Sheng Jinyun是句子主语，单数第三人称且和treat是主动关系。再根据so far，可知句子用现在完成时态。故填has treated。24.考查最高级。句意：她被看作最美丽的祖母医生。前文说到了她治好了30000个哮喘患儿，所以说她是最美丽的祖母医生，故此处填最高级。故填most。25.考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：尽管一个月前她摔断了两根骨头，但她一直坚守岗位。固定结构：have +宾语+宾语补足语。此处bones和break之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语。故填bro
31、ken。26.考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：在他们眼里，她在这个年纪应该过着平静的生活。句子主语she是单数第三人称形式，和expect之间是一种被动关系，且这里在讲述一个客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态。be expected to do sth “期待做某事”。故填is expected。27.考查名词单复数。句意：她想治好更多的孩子。通过这里的more可知这里的孩子应该是复数。故填children。28.考查形容词。句意：盛锦云最令人难忘的经历之一发生在她50多岁的时候。此处experiences是名词，由形容词修饰，故填impressive。29.考查状语从句的省略。句意：
32、虽然盛锦云被授予了儿科终生成就医师。这里是有though引导的让步状语从句，盛锦云和授予的之间的关系是被动关系，所以这句话补充完整为Though Sheng was awarded the lifelong achievement physician in pediatrics。在状语从句中，从句的主语和主句相同，且谓语为be动词时，则可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，句子就变为Though awarded the lifelong achievement physician in pediatrics。故填awarded。30.考查并列连词。句意：她说她的目标是成为一个勤奋的人和好的医生。通
33、过前面的不定冠词a我们可以知道，盛锦云想拥有好医生和勤奋的人两个头衔，所以这里是并列结构。故填and。DSince Jay Chous single Mojito was released on Tencent Music on June 12, the cocktail with the same name became a popular subject as well, with many 31.(turn)to the Internet for its recipe.The mojito perfectly balances the flavor of lime, rum and fr
34、esh mint. Its not only one of the perfect summer drinks, 32.one that will get you to dream of the sea and surf in the deep, dark winter nights, too.Unlike some cocktails that may have been created accidentally by 33.(adventure)bartenders(调酒师),the process of developing the mojito took more than a cen
35、tury. The mojito took root in Cuba at a time 34.most rum was hardly drinkable fierce and heavy. Rum may have helped ease the stress of the day, but the taste of rum was not satisfying. In order to improve the flavor, people began having such ingredients as a 35.(hand)of mint, a squeeze of lime and s
36、ome sugarcane juice 36.(mix). Then it would go down just fine. Thus the mojito was born. Because the recipe could easily 37.（adapt）,it quickly spread to other countries. People around the world began to create 38.（they）own unique version. They put sweet tea, fruit, vegetables and different herbs int
37、o the classical mojito.In 2002, the drink rose 39.popularity after its appearance in the James Bond film Die Another Day, Over the past decade mojito 40.（become）the most searched cocktail in 60 different countries and every year on July 11, World Mojito Day is celebrated.【答案】31.turning32.but 33.adve
38、nturous34.when35.handful 36mixed37be adapted38their39in40has become【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了莫吉托鸡尾酒的来历。31.考查现在分词的用法。该句是with的复合结构，介词宾语many和宾语补足语turn是主谓关系，故填turning。32.考查连词的用法。该句是not onlybut（also）的句型，also可省略，故填but。33.考查形容词的用法。修饰后面的名词bartenders用形容词，故填adventurous。34.考查定语从句关系副词的用法。先行词为time，从句中缺时间状语，用关系副词，故填when。35.考
39、查名词的用法。a handful of表示“一把”，故填handful。36.考查过去分词的用法。该句是have sth. done结构，mix与前面的几组名词结构形成动宾关系，故填mixed。37.考查被动语态的用法。食谱recipe是被改写，用被动语态，空前有情态动词could，故填be adapted。38.考查代词的用法。用于限定own unique version，用形容词性物主代词，主语是people，故填their。39.考查介词的用法。该句的意思是：这种饮品人气上升，rise in popularity正是此意，故填in。40.考查动词时态。该句的时间状语为over the past decade，句子的时态应该用现在完成时，主语莫吉托鸡尾酒是单数，故填has become。9