1、Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars.阅读理解AIf parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius (天才), they will cause great damage to him. According to several leading educational experts, this is one of the biggest mistakes that some parents make. Generally, the child wil
2、l understand very well what the parents expect, and will fall. Unrealistic (不现实的) expectations of the parents can cause great damage to children.However, if parents are not unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are hopeful in a sensible(明智的) way, the child may succeed in doing
3、 very well especially if the parents are very supportive to their children.Michael Lis is very lucky. He is very fond of music and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and let him attend piano and violin lessons. Although Michaels mother knows very little about music, his father is a
4、 good musician. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling.Michaels friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky. Although both his parents are successful musicians, they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and s
5、o they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win. “When I was your age I used to win every competition I enter.” Winstons father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，
6、父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举了两个例子来说明父母的正确做法是什么，对孩子有什么好处；错误做法会对孩子造成什么样的伤害。1The main idea of the passage is _.Awhat differences there are between parentsBwhat aim of a child can he easier to reachCwhat parents should make a child a musicianDhow parents should bring up their children答案与解析：D主旨大意
7、题。本文主要说的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高，会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举例说明了父母的正确做法。2Michael is lucky because _.Ahis parents help him in a sensible wayBhis family is rich enough to have a carChis father is a successful musicianDhe is free to do anything he likes best答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“but are hopeful in a. supportive to th
8、eir children”可知是好的父母的做法，而第三段接着举例说明了这个好的做法。3Winstons parents set so high a standard for him that _.Ahe has to do his best to do everythingBhe had made greater progress in musicChe is afraid he may disappoint themDhe often wants to kill himself someday答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Winston is always afraid tha
9、t he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.”可知答案。4It is one of the parents worst mistakes if they _.Awant their child to be a musicianBmake their child try to achieve too muchCdont care their childs education muchDhelp their child to win music competitions答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据
10、第一段中的“If parents bring up a child. that some parents make.”可知答案。BThe car can be a killer. In the US, 36,675 people died in traffic accidents in 2014. The year before, 2.3 million people were injured in traffic accidents. And during the past ten years, electronic monitoring (监控) programs have been wi
11、dely used in order to reduce the number of accidents. It is mainly aimed at drivers who run red lights.In a study I coauthored with Paul J. Fisher, we examined all policerecorded traffic accidents in three large Texas cities over a 12year period hundreds of thousands of accidents. We found they didn
12、t reduce the total number of car accidents as well as the total number of people injured in accidents.In a red light camera program, a camera is placed in a location where it can take photos or videos of cars as they pass through the intersections (十字路口). City employees then examine the photos. If a
13、 car is in the intersection when the light is red, the driver will be fined (罚款). Evidence clearly shows that camera programs really help reduce the number of cars running red lights. In one study in Virginia, red light cameras reduced the number of total drivers running red lights by 67 percent.How
14、ever, cameras can have negative effects on traffic safety. Some drivers who intend to continue to cross the intersection when the light is yellow or red will now try to stop. That means that the number of accidents caused by cars not stopping at a red light will likely decrease. But the number of ac
15、cidents from stopping at a red light is likely to ascend. In order to avoid being fined, some drivers will try to stop, causing a higher risk of other accidents.The increased number of traffic accidents at intersections in cities is a serious problem. But our study shows that the camera program in T
16、exas was helpless in improving traffic safety. Therefore, electronic monitoring is not the real solution.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过自己的研究说明在十字路口装摄像头并不能有效阻止交通事故的发生，因此需要更好的方式来改善交通安全。5The author did the study most probably to know whether _.Ared light cameras really worked as expectedBtraffic accidents mainly
17、happened at intersectionsCred light cameras helped drivers obey the traffic rulesDtraffic accidents were mainly caused by running red lights答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We found they didnt reduce the total number of car accidents as well as the total number of people injured in accidents.”可知，这个是调查的结果，其中they
18、指的是摄像头，因此可推测作者做这个调查的目的是为了知道装更多的摄像头是否真的像所预期的(对于减少交通事故)那样管用。6What does the underlined word “ascend” in Paragraph 4 mean? AFall. BRise.CChange. DDiffer.答案与解析：B词义猜测题。根据转折词But可知，此句与前一句构成转折关系，再根据本段第一句“However, cameras can have negative effects on traffic safety.”可推测，该词义为“上升”。7What can we infer from the au
19、thors study?ARed lights may have negative effects on traffic safety.BBetter ways should be found to improve traffic safety.CMore red light cameras should be used at intersections.DTraffic accidents at intersections are difficult to avoid.答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But our study shows that the camera prog
20、ram in Texas was helpless in improving traffic safety. Therefore, electronic monitoring is not the real solution.”可知，作者通过研究发现，安装摄像头并不是有效改善交通安全的措施，所以可推测，为了改善交通安全，还需要找到更好的办法。8What might be the best title for the passage?ARed light cameras dont really make streets safer.BElectronic monitoring is widely
21、 used at intersections.CThe number of traffic accidents remains high in the US.DAccidents caused by running red lights shouldnt be ignored.答案与解析：A主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，作者主要是通过自己的研究表明，装更多的摄像头并不能有效减少交通事故。C An interesting bit of research was done with pigeons. A pigeon was put in a box with two levers (操作杆). On
22、e lever would set free corn (谷物) with every five pecks (啄). The other lever needed 100 pecks. Which lever would the pigeon choose to peck at? The lever that set free corn more frequently, of course.People respond similarly. We prefer to receive more frequent rewards. That is the reason why projects
23、are more effectively completed when broken down into smaller parts. For example, if you have a work project needed to be finished three months later, you are likely to tell yourself that you have plenty of time and end up putting off the work until the last few weeks. Unexpected occasions happen and
24、 the project is pushed back even further. The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.If, however, the project is broken down into three smaller parts and youre required to hand in a part at the end of each of the three months, there wont be a ru
25、sh at the end to complete it. One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement, which will spur you to begin the second part. At the end of the second month, the project is to complete. This gives you the time to review it and make any change for improvement. You
26、 can truly celebrate a project well done.Celebrating small achievements is important to enjoying what you do. Looking forward to the appearance of corn on a frequent basis keeps you active to do more, What does your corn look like? Maybe you are like me and prefer to give yourself an actual reward a
27、fter completing a project. If your corn really exists, the important thing is that you get it frequently. Remember, reward yourself for small achievements and you can live your life to the fullest【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，人们总是喜欢干短期且易见效果的工作，因此将一个长期任务分几段完成能够提高工作效率。9What will probably happen if youre allowed to f
28、inish a task in a long time?AYou may expect others to help you.BYou wont be patient to continue it.CIt wont be finished as well as expected.DIt will appear more and more difficult and boring.答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should
29、have been.”可知，工期长会导致拖延，最后手忙脚乱的情况下完成的工作达不到预期的效果。10What does the underlined word “spur” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?AWarn. BForbid.CRemind. DEncourage.答案与解析：D词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement.”可知，作者说一部分工作完成后，你会产生一种成就感，这种成就感能够“激励”你
30、开始从事下一部分的工作。11What does the writer mainly talk about in the last paragraph?AThe importance of finishing your project on time.BThe benefit of rewarding yourself frequently.CHow to keep active in your work.DHow to set rewards wisely in life.答案与解析：B段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，该段主要谈论的是庆祝小成就或经常回报自己的重要性或好处。.七选五Givi
31、ng advice is not one of the easiest tasks. You can be put under a lot of pressure especially if you generally give bad advice. With these tips, youll be a professor at giving good advice!_1_ Every situation is unique, so never assume (以为) you know all you need to know about a problem. Listen careful
32、ly to the person who wants advice, and learn as much as possible about this situation.Put yourself in the advisees shoes. _2_ If youve been in a similar situation, think about what you learned, but dont rely solely on your experiences to give advice imagine that you are giving yourself advice for th
33、e unique circumstances (情况) that the other person is facing._3_ If you can have a few hours to think about the problem and possible solutions, take that time to really think about every possible solution. You could even take the opportunity to ask someone whos more knowledgeable for advice.Think abo
34、ut the results of taking your advice and not taking your advice. If theres no obvious difference between the results, your advice might not be bad, but its not useful either. _4_.Be honest. If your advised course of action has possible problems, tell the person about them. _5_ Your goal should not b
35、e to blindly lead the person, but rather to help him or her make a good decision, so dont act like a salesman.AListen to the person asking you for advice.BTake time to think about the issue if you can.CTry to imagine yourself in the other persons situation.DUnderstand that the person may not take yo
36、ur advice.EIf your advice leads to a worse result, your advice probably is bad.FYou can never be sure that your advice is really the best for him or her.GBe honest about this fact if you dont really feel knowledgeable enough about the problem.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，其实给别人提一些好的意见并不是一件容易的事情，那么怎样能让自己提一些好的意见呢？1答
37、案与解析：A此空设于段首。根据空后“Listen carefully to the person who wants advice, and learn as much as possible about this situation.”可知，要认真听听向你寻求意见的人的话。2答案与解析：C此空设于段中。根据空前的“Put yourself in the advisees shoes.”可知，试着想象一下你处在别人的位置上是什么样。3答案与解析：B此空设于段首。根据空后的“lf you can have a few hours to think about the problem and po
38、ssible solutions, take that time to really think about every possible solution.”可知， 如果可能的话花点时间想想这件事情。4答案与解析：E此空设于段尾。根据空前的“If theres no obvious difference between the results, your advice might not be bad, but its not useful either.”可知，如果你的意见会导致不好的结果，那么这个意见就不好。5答案与解析：G此空设于段中。根据空前“Be honest”可知，如果你对这种事情了解得不多，请说真话。
