1、Developing ideas.阅读理解AAnimals can move from place to place, but plants cannot.When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back.Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.Some plants have thei
2、r own ways to keep animals away.For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grasseating animals.Holly on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches.This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants, such as the o
3、ak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.Some grass may contain a sandy material；eating such grass wears down the animals teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses.Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction.Some plants may fig
4、ht against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger.This messenger sends the roots the information to produce more nicotine.The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.Many plants depen
5、d on both physical and chemical defenses.A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液)A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的，有些植物采取了物理方法，
6、有些采取了化学方法。1The leaves of the holly plant have more spines on the lower branches because most animals_.Aare not tall enoughBlike the lower leaves onlyCare not clever enoughDcan get the lower leaves easily解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.可知，冬青树底
7、部叶子上的刺比上部多的原因是动物更容易够到底部的叶子。2To defend themselves, oak trees use _.Achemical meansBphysical meansCbitter chemicals Dsandy materials解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段中的Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.可知，橡树的叶子又厚又硬，很难被动物吃掉。所以橡树使用的是物理方法来保护自己。故B项正确。3How do
8、es tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?AIts leaves fight against the attack by physical means.BIts roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.CIts roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.DIts leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpill
9、ar away.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段中的When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger.This messenger sends the roots the information to produce more nicotine.The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.可知，当毛毛虫叮咬烟叶时，烟叶会产生一种化学信使，这个信使会把信息传送到树根以分泌出更多的尼古丁来驱赶毛毛虫。4What
10、 would be the best title for this passage?APlants and AnimalsBHow Plants Defend ThemselvesCAttacks and DefensesDHow Animals Eat Plants Leaves解析：选B标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了不能移动的植物是如何保护自己的，有些植物采取了物理方法，有些采取了化学方法。BThere is a picture: A polar bear is lying lifeless on a beach.On the shore, in the background, stand t
11、hree guards, talking to each other.One of them has a deadly weapon hanging casually on his shoulder.This powerful image has made people question the motivation for this kind of tourism, or ecotourism.Does our proximity (接近) to large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a desire for exciting ima
12、ges, lead to such animals becoming accustomed to human contact? If that is the case, surely the losing side will end up paying the ultimate price for such proximity.To my sorrow, I have recently returned from a trip to Svalbard, and indeed stood two weeks ago on the very beach where the bear was sho
13、t.The bears death should never have happened.Was the beach examined beforehand? Was there access to flares (照明弹) to scare off a bear that appeared suddenly? These are standard measures for any operator.The incident is probably the result of a terrible systematic failure.Nevertheless, the incident sh
14、ould not negate the value of ecotourism.In its best form, this kind of travel has very little impact, or indeed has a positive effect, on the environment where it takes place.This can be by making financial donations to conservation groups, providing income to local communities, or ensuring protecti
15、on of certain areas or animals.In Svalbard，visitors become ambassadors for the endangered polar bear，increasing awareness of the fact that the far greater danger they are facing is the sea ice melt in the Arctic Ocean.Ecotourism is an expanding market that brings benefits as well as challenges to th
16、e regions around the world in which it perates.Simply_closing_off_these_regions_is_not_the_answer.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过分析管理人员将闯入生态旅游区域内的北极熊杀死这一事件发生的可能原因，告诉人们不要因此否定生态旅游的价值。5Why was the polar bear dead?AIt was probably hunted for its fur by tourists.BIt was probably frightened to death by flares.CThe pro
17、per procedures werent probably followed.DThe beach wasnt probably equipped with safety devices.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段第二句以及最后一句可推知，作者认为北极熊本来不应该被射杀，而悲剧的最终发生可能是因为海滩的管理者没有遵循应有的处理方法及程序。6What is the third paragraph mainly about?AEcotourism could be developed properly.BFinancial donations should be strongly advo
18、cated.CEnvironmental awareness has greatly increased.DVisitors have a guilty conscience about ecotourism.解析：选A段落大意题。根据第三段第一句可知，作者认为该事件不应否定生态旅游的价值，然后该段其他部分阐述了生态旅游对当地环境以及当地经济的积极影响。由此可知，第三段主要讲了生态旅游可以适当发展。7What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggest?AMore challenges havent yet been a
19、ccepted.BBetter measures for conducting ecotourism are a good choice.CThe environmental benefits from ecotourism are very obvious.DThe positive effects of protecting tourists havent yet been felt.解析：选B句意理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，生态旅游是一个不断扩大的市场，给当地带来了益处和挑战，并结合画线句可知，仅仅关闭这些生态旅游的区域来保护环境并不是一个很好的解决方法，由此可知，实施生态旅游的更好措
20、施是一个不错的选择。8What is the purpose of the text?ATo cause readers to focus on polar bears.BTo stimulate readers to reflect on ecotourism.CTo stress side effects that ecotourism has caused.DTo analyze the reason why the polar bear was killed.解析：选B写作意图题。文章第一段描述了一幅图片，图片中一头北极熊被猎杀；第二段分析了北极熊可能被猎杀的原因；第三段说明不能因此次
21、事件否认生态旅游的价值并表述了生态旅游的积极影响；第四段对生态旅游作进一步的总结。由此可知，本文是为了引发读者对生态旅游的思考。.阅读七选五 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags
22、.They had nothing in common with me._1_ The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer._2_We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from wor
23、k, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness._3_Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My natureloving friends had remembered to brin
24、g all the necessities of life._4_We have done a lot of it since.Recently, we bought a twentyeightfoot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a builtin TV set.There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains._5_It must be true th
25、at sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.EI must say that I have certain
26、ly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己近三年来逐渐改变了对野营的看法，最后表达野营将逐渐成为人类回归自然的很好方式。1选D上文They had nothing in common with me.说明作者原来认为他不会成为野营者，而下文主要描述了作者从最开始进行rough travel到有了po
27、pup camper再到有了 trailer 的过程，在这个过程中作者对野营的爱好逐步增加，对野营的相关知识也在逐步增长，上下文呈转折关系，D项(然而，在那之后我将会学到关于野营的很多知识)起到转折作用，引出下文，符合语境。2选C根据下文We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.可知，作者的野营条件非常艰苦，C项(他们带我去的旅途非常艰苦)引出下文，符合语境。3选A根据下文Instead, we had a po
28、pup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.可知，空处是与下文形成转折的内容，作者此次旅行用了展开式营房，A项(这一次没有帐篷)与下文形成转折，符合语境。4选F根据第三段第一句中的going on another funfilled holiday可知，作者对这次旅行非常满意，再根据下文We have done a lot of it since.可知，作者一家人都爱上了野营，F项(从这次旅行后，我全家都对野营产生了巨大的兴趣)承上启下，符合语境。5选E根据下文sooner or later, everyone finds h
29、is or her way back to nature可知，作者希望每个人都能找到回归自然的方式，形成这一观点的前提是他自己已经爱上了野营，E项(我必须承认我已经开始享受野营了)引出下文，符合语境。.应用文假定你是李华，你的美国朋友John写信邀请你在即将来临的寒假一同去非洲旅游，请你用英语给John写一封回信，告诉他你愿意前往并谈谈你对行程的建议。内容包括：1交通方式；2观光项目：自然风光、野生动物、当地风俗等；3邀请他拜访自己的家乡。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear John，Im glad to receive you
30、r letter！ Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua参考范文：Dear John，Im glad to receive your letter！And Im so excited to travel with you on winter vacation because I do believe Africa is a place full of magic and worth visiting.First, we can meet in Hong Kong and then fly to Africa together.Mayb
31、e its a good idea to rent a car there and drive through the tropical rainforest, across the grassland and the Sahara desert.This way, we can appreciate the unique natural scenery and experience the local customs in Africa.In our journey, we might as well get close to nature and see a variety of wild animals, such as giraffes, elephants and lions.After the trip, would you like to visit my hometown?Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua