1、定时训练(3).专题特训(非谓语动词)1(2014届北京市第四十四中学高三第一学期期中测试)In the reading room，we found her _ at a desk，with her attention_ on a book.Asitting；fixing Bto sit；fixedCseating；fixing Dseated；fixed解析考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：在阅览室内，我们发现她坐在一张桌子旁，集中精力看一本书。be seated 就坐sitting，fix ones attention on集中精力于。故选D项。答案D2(2014届湖南省澧县一中益阳市一中桃源县
2、一中高三上学期三校联考)_ with the increasing unemployment，many people went on strike in most of the European countries.AFacing BBeing facedCFaced DHaving faced解析考查过去分词做状语。句意：面临越来越严重的失业问题，欧洲国家很多人去罢工。sb be faced with sth某人面临，这里可以用过去分词做状语，如果没有横线后的with，就可以用facing，选C项。答案C3(2014届黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高三上学期期中)He wondered if he c
3、ould slip out of the lecture hall without anyone _Anoticing Bnoticed Cto notice Dbeing noticed解析考查with/without复合结构。其基本结构为：with/without宾语宾语补足语；宾语补足语可以是名词，代词，形容词，副词，现在分词，或者过去分词，也可以是不定式。对宾语的情况进行补充说明。当做宾语补足语的动词与宾语构成被动关系的时候，使用过去分词的形式；当二者构成主动关系的时候，使用现在分词的形式。要特别要注意with的复合结构经常与独立主格结构转换使用。本题中anyone与notice构成主
4、动关系，故使用现在分词。故选A项。答案A4(2014届浙江省绍兴市第一中学高三上学期期中)Opposite the old town is the 5，500 meters Yulong Xueshan Mountain，its peak _ with snow.Ais covered BcoveredCcovering Dcovers解析考查独立主格结构。句意：在古城的对面是海拔5 500米高的御龙雪山，它的顶峰有雪覆盖着。因为句中没有连词，所以判断是独立主格结构，排除A、D选项，peak和动词cover之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动，故选B项。答案B5(2014届江苏省无锡市第三高级中
5、学高三期初质量检测)Misunderstandings _ from lack of social communication，unless _ with properly，may lead to serious problems.Aresulted；dealt Bresulting；dealtCresulted；dealing Dresulting；dealing解析考查非谓语动词。misunderstandings和result from是主谓关系，用现在分词作定语，相当于which result from.，排除A、C；unless后省略了misunderstandings，misund
6、erstandings与deal with是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，相当于unless they are dealt with.，排除D。故选B项。答案B6(2014届云南省部分名校高三第一次联考)We all think that the plan you come up with _ the work is very practical.Acompleting BcompletedCto complete Dcomplete解析考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都认为你为完成这个工作想到的计划非常实用。to complete表目的，修饰plan。you come up with是定语从句，修饰
7、先行词plan。故选C项。答案C7(2014届河南省南阳市高三五校联谊期中)_ with some research materials，he decided on three possible approaches in his experiment.APreparing BPrepared CHaving prepared DPrepare解析考查过去分词做状语。句意：准备好了研究材料，他决定实验三个可能的方法。be prepared with准备好，所以这里用过去分词做状语，表示状态，选B项。答案B8(2014届福建省厦门一中高三上学期期中)The newlydiscovered evi
8、dence led to the criminal _ to five years in prison.Ato be sentenced Bbeing sentencedCsentenced Dbe sentenced解析考查非谓语动词。句意：新发现的证据使得罪犯被宣判坐5年的牢。lead to导致，to为介词，故后面接v.ing形式。故选B项。答案B9(2014届福建省厦门一中高三上学期期中)_ to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is dangerous.ANot remindedBR
9、eminded not CNot having been reminded DHaving reminded not 解析考查非谓语动词。句意：被提醒不要酒后驾驶，但一些司机仍然碰运气，那是很危险的。题中的逻辑主语为some drivers，与remind之间的关系为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。remind sb to do的否定形式为remind sb not to do。故选B项。答案B10(2014届北京市朝阳区高三上学期期中考试)The policeman kept his eyes_ on the screen of the computer to identify the cri
10、minals footprints.Afixing Bfixed Cto fix Dbeing fixed解析考查过去分词做宾语补足语。句意：警察一直注视着电脑屏幕，来识别罪犯的脚印。这里用的是“keep宾语宾语补足语”的结构，因为“注视”是fix ones eyes on，所以eyes和fix是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，选B项。答案B11The lecture，_ at 7：00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. Astarting Bbeing startedCto
11、start Dto be started解析根据last night可知start已经发生，故排除C、D(不定式常表将来)，B(being done)一般表进行，也排除。非谓语动词的主动语态和被动语态现在分词作定语。答案A12Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success. Abeing done BdoCto be done Dto do解析因为work与do为被动关系，而need后表被动用ing的主动形式表被动含义，或用不定式的被动形式，故选C。谓语与非谓语动词 不定式的被动语态
12、 作宾语 短语need to be done。答案C13Mark lives in a big pleasant room _ approximately 5 meters by 6 meters.Ameasures BmeasuringCto be measured Dhaving measured解析本句中的动词measure可以作为及物动词vt.测量；估量；也可以表示：距离(或长度、宽度、数量等)为；本句中的measure表示的就是第2层含有距离(或长度、宽度、数量等)为；动词measure与前面的名词room构成逻辑上的主动关系，故使用现在分词measuring approximate
13、ly 5 meters by 6 meter来修饰前面的名词room。句义：Mark生活在一个面积大约为5米乘6米的很大的舒服的房子里。故B正确。答案B14“You cant catch me！” Janet shouted，_ away.Arun Brunning Cto run Dran解析分词running与句中主语Janet为逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词shout同时发生。本题大意，“你不能抓住我！”Janet喊着，逃跑了，故B正确。分词作状语的用法需要注意分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。答案B15What made little Tony so unhappy and cry i
14、n his room?_ to go hiking with his brother.AHaving not been allowed BNot having allowedCHaving not allowed DNot having been allowed解析考查非谓语动词。本题考查动名词短语作主语，根据句意可知是“没有被允许”，故用被动语态。句意：什么使得小托尼不开心，在房间里哭呢？没有允许和他哥哥一起去徒步旅行。故D正确。答案D16_ how to work out the difficult physics problem，he asked the teacher for help
15、 .ANot to know BNot knowingCKnowing not DNot known解析句意：不知道怎么解决这个难的物理问题，他向老师求助。因为he和know是主动关系，用现在分词做状语，否定式是在现在分词前面加not，选B。答案B17With Fathers Day around the corner ，I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.Abuy Bto buyCbuying Dto have bought解析句意：父亲节将要到来， 为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。题干中空格划在
16、名词后， 但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明， 而是说明取钱的目的， 因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语， 非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的， 因此选择B。答案B18Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures, some _ a life span of around 20 years.Ahaving Bhad Chave Dto have解析句意：令人惊讶的是，蝙蝠是长寿的动物，有些能活20年左右。had和have是谓语动词形式，题中没有连词，无法并存两个句子。to have表将来；having表伴随，因此，选A。答案A19_ many times
17、, he still repeated the same mistake.AHaving been told BHaving toldCTelling DTold解析句意：他虽然被告诉过许多次但仍旧犯同样的错误。这里是非谓语动词做状语，having done在谓语动词之前发生表示主动。 having been done在谓语动词之前发生表示被动。选A。答案A20A ship loaded with expensive goods was reported _ into the sea with its oil _Ato sink；given out Bto have sunk；run outC
18、having sunk；used up Dto have sunk；run out of解析本题第一空是一个固定句式sth be reported to have done据说做了某事；使用不定式的完成式表示已经完成，已经发生的动作。第二空是with的复合结构，名词its oil与动词短语run out of构成被动关系，故使用run out of。Run out是没有被动语态。句意：据报道一艘装满昂贵货物的船由于汽油用完而沉没在大海里。故D正确。答案D.阅读理解A 体裁：记叙文话题：助人为乐时间：5分钟On the way home from his job at a bakery in W
19、ainscott，New York，one August evening，Craing Schum，33，stopped his car at the East Hampton Airport.A group was protesting against airplane noise，and Schum，who had kicked off his shoes，got out of the car.Within seconds，though，Schum saw something astonishing.A small plane dived and crashed into the wood
20、s about 100 yards from the runway. “I dont remember making the decision that I should go to help out，” he recalls.“I just started running.”Schum ran across the street barefoot，climbed over a sixfoothigh chainlink fence，and dashed about 100 yards toward the woods.When he got there，he discovered 51yea
21、rold pilot Stephen Bochter，his head bleeding，beside the burning plane.Bochters passenger，his wife，Kim Brillo，was on the ground，unconscious.“She had blood all over her，” says Schum. “I thought she was dead.”Jack Gleeson，17，a high school student working a summer job at the airport，caught up with Schum
22、 and，with Bochters help，lifted the chainlink fence and brought Brillo underneath it out.Moments later，the entire plane exploded.After the rescue team arrived，Bochter and Brillo were airlifted to nearby hospital and treated for cuts，injuries and Brillos broken arm.Bochter，an experienced pilot，later s
23、aid that the planes electrical system had failed shortly after takeoff.He had been attempting to land at the East Hampton Airport when the plane began to nosediveHe managed to level the wings before crashing into the woods.“Everything was on fire，and Schum came out of nowhere to save us，”says Bochte
24、r.“Were blessed to have lived through it.”【语篇导读】本文叙述了Craig Schum在下班回家途中勇敢地从失事飞机上救人的事迹。1Why did Craig Schum stop his car at the East Hampton Airport?AHe wanted to have a rest.BHe saw a protesting group.CHe noticed a plane crash.DHe needed to kick off his shoes.解析细节理解题。由第一段的第二句“A group was protesting
25、against airplane noise，and Schum，who had kicked off his shoes，got out of the car.”可知答案为B。答案B2When he saw the plane crash into the woods，Schum _Awas frightened to deathBrushed away from the spotCcame to rescue immediatelyDasked for help without delay解析细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句“I dont remember making the decis
26、ion that I should go to help out， he recalls, I just started running.”可知C项正确。答案C3The underlined word“nosedive”in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to“_”Adrive smoothly Bshake violentlyCfly slowly Ddrop suddenly解析词义猜测题。由第五段的最后一句“他在飞机坠入树林之前成功地平衡了机翼”可知，nosedive与“drop suddenly”的意思最接近。答案D4What might be t
27、he best title of the text?AA Lucky EscapeBA Curious BakerCA Reward for KindnessDA Bad Landing after Takeoff解析主旨大意题。从飞机出现故障并坠落到Schum帮助飞行员和他的妻子脱险可以看出，A项“一次幸运的逃离”为最佳标题。答案ABChoosing the Right Resolution (决定)Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with，a goal of losing
28、 weight.However，setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake. To reach our goal of losing weight the output，we need to control what we eatthe input (输入)That is，we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution
29、 on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight，try an actionable resolution：“Ill stop having dessert for lunch，”or“Ill walk every day for 20 minutes.”Creating a goal that focuses on a wellspecified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.Recently a new science behind
30、 incentives (激励)，including in education，has been discussed.For example，researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases，he gave students incentives based on input，like reading certain books，while in others，the incentives were based on
31、output，like results on exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.Fryers conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam，aside from general
32、rules like“study harder.”Reading certain books，on the other hand，is a wellset task over which they have much more control.As long as you have direct control over your goal，you have a much higher chance of success.And its easier to start again if you fail，because you know exactly what you need to do.
33、If you want to cut down on your spending，a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a caf，for example.This is a wellspecified actionbased goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isnt a goal because its too general.Similarly，if you want to sp
34、end more time with your family，dont stop with this general wish.Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to，like a family movie night every Wednesday.In the long run，these new goals could become a habit.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要向大家说明在选择做出正确决定的时候，我们应该关注的是问题的产生以及事件的过程，而不是结果。比如在减肥中，我们应该
35、关注饮食和运动，在教育过程中，应该鼓励孩子多读书，关注学习过程，而不是考试结果。通过这两个例子来论证了做出正确决定的重要性，也就是说，要达到一个目标，必须使你的目标具体，具有可操控性。5The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _Ait is hard to achieve for most AmericansBit is focused too much on the resultCit is dependent on too many thingsDit is based on act
36、ionable decisions解析细节理解题。根据第一段Setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.和第二段的To reach our goal of losing weightthe output，we need to control what we eatthe input (输入)That is，we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.这句即可找出答案。整篇文章都在阐述我们在做决定或寻求
37、问题的解决方案的时候，我们不能从结果的角度入手，而应该从问题的过程或起因入手，对于减肥这个问题，我们应该关注的是我们的饮食以及运动情况，而不是关注我们要减重多少，这种只关注结果的行为是没有效果的。答案B6In Roland Fryers research，some students did better than the others because _Athey obeyed all the general rulesBthey paid more attention to examsCthey were motivated by their classmatesDthey were rew
38、arded for reading some books解析细节理解题。答案在第三段中，列举了这种关注过程和起因的行为分别在教育中的体现，在Roland Fryer的案例中，孩子们会因为过程中的努力，如读了某些书而受到奖励，而这些孩子所获得的成就要比那些关注结果，即考试考得好会得到奖励的孩子们的收获或成就多。具体信息源在：His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.一句中。答案D7According to
39、 the writer，which of the following statements is a good goal?A“Ill give up dessert.”B“Ill study harder.”C“Ill cut down my expenses.”D“Ill spend more time with my family.”解析细节理解题。只有A选项是将目标放在了事物的进程中，是一个具体的目标，也是一个好目标，而其他选项都只关注了结果。答案A8The writer strongly believes that we should _Adevelop good habits and
40、 focus on the outcomeBbe optimistic about final goals and stick to themCpick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsDset ambitious goals that can balance the input and output解析细节理解题。A ，B ，D 都只关注了final goal 以及outcome，根据倒数第二段可知，C 建议我们坚持细节行为：即一个特殊的目标a wellspeciafized actionbased goal，形成好的习惯。答案C