1、Reference for Teaching.异域风情The National Anthem of America你可曾看见，它正迎接曙光，昨晚我们曾经，对它欢呼和颂扬这就是名为“星条旗”（The Star-Spangled Banner)的美国国歌。它产生于美国第二次独立战争（18121815）期间，是弗朗西斯司各特基（Francis Scott Key,17791843)目睹美军在巴尔的摩麦克亨利堡（Fort McHenry,Baltimore)保卫战中获胜而作的。At many community events,the national song or anthem is sung.It
2、 was composed during the war of 1812.An American named Dr.Beans was captured(捕获) and put on a British ship in Chesapeake Bay（切萨皮克湾，在美国东岸） next to the state of Virginia.A young American lawyer named Francis Scott Key came to the ship to get his doctor friend released.The British held both men captive
3、(俘虏) and placed them in a room which had a window where they could see the American soldiers at Fort McHenry.The American flag could be seen flying at the top of one of the buildings in the fort.The British ship attacked the fort and as Francis Scott Key watched,he decided to write a poem about this
4、 battle and the Americans fight for freedom from the British.As he awoke early in the morning,he began to write:Oh say!Can you see,by the dawns early lightWhat so proudly we hailed(欢呼) at the twilights last gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars,through the perilous(危险的) fightOer the ramparts
5、(防御土墙) we watched were so gallantly(雄伟) steaming?And the rockets red glare,the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.Oh,say does that Star-Spangled Banner yet waveOer the land of the free and the home of the brave.The twilights(曙光) last gleaming(闪光) means t
6、he last light of day seen the night before.Mr Key means that in the morning after the fight,he could still see the American flag waving above the fort so it had not been captured by the British.The broad red and white stripes and the stars on the flag he could still see during the fight.The ramparts
7、 are the high ground protecting the fort.The word Oer means Over.Through the night,the light from the rockets allowed him to see the flag and bombs did not strike it down.The flag of Star-Spangled Banner continued to wave over a country free from Britain and the home of brave Americans.知识归纳状语从句中看省略在
8、表示时间、地点、条件、让步、方式、比较等状语从句中有两种省略情况：（1）当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语部分含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词省略。如：While (they were) in Beijing,they studied Chinese.他们在北京期间学了汉语。You should go where (you are) most needed by the motherland.你们应该到祖国最需要的地方去。They boy is walking up and down as if (he was) is search of something.这男孩来回走动好像
9、在找什么东西。Although (I was) criticised by the teacher,I didnt give up.尽管我受到了老师的批评，可我没有放弃。（2）当从句的主语是it，且其谓语含有be动词时，可将it和be动词省略。如：Make a mark where (it is) necessary.在必要的地方作个记号。Speaking English when and where (it is) possible.尽可能地随时随地讲英语。I will help you if (it is) possible.如果有可能，我会帮助你的。注意：(1)从属连词though,al
10、though,whether引导的状语从句省略主谓，通常被称为“无动词分句”。如：Whether sick or well(=Whether she is sick or well),she is always cheerful.无论生病还是身体好的时候，她总是高高兴兴的。Although not yet ten years old(=Although she was not yet ten years old),she was able to speak fluent English.虽然还不到十岁，可她已经能够讲流利的英语了。(2)从属连词when,whenever,while引导的状语从
11、句省略主谓部分，通常被称为“无动词时间状语从句”。如：When (water is) pure,water is a colorless liquid.水纯时是无色的。Whenever(I am) in trouble,I will turn to my teacher for help.不管何时遇到困难，我总是求助于我的老师。While (I was) at college,I was active in all kinds of activities.在大学读书时，我积极参加各种活动。(3)从属连词if引导无动词分句if+形容词+（介词短语）结构的无动词分句。如：If possible(=
12、If it is possible),the machine may be installed at once.如果可能，该机器可以马上安装。If free on Saturday(=If you are free on Saturday),do come here.如果你星期天有空，一定要来这儿。(4)从属连词if+so/not等组成无动词分句，常常置于句中，可以看成插入语。如：We are told that he will come tonight,and if so,our meeting will be held tomorrow.(if so=if he comes tonight
13、)据说他今晚会来，如果这样的话，我们的会议将在明天召开。We are told that he wont come tonight,and if not,there wont be any meeting tomorrow.(if not=if he doesnt come tonight)据说他今晚不会来了，如果这样的话，我们明天就不会召开会议了。.词语辨析1.raise,rise,lift(1)raise常用作及物动词，意思有“举起、抬起、提高；提出；饲养、种植”等，作“抬起、举起”讲时，raise和lift有时可以通用，但raise往往有使物体达到应有的高度的含义。可用于具体物体，也可用
14、于抽象事物。Lets raise glasses to the friendship between the two peoples.让我们为两国人民的友谊干杯。She raised a lot of chickens.她养了许多鸡。He raised a question at the meeting.他在会上提出一个问题。She raised her eyes and started at them.她抬头盯着他们。The peoples living standards have been greatly raised.人们的生活水平有了很大提高。They can raise rice
15、there.他们在那里能种水稻。(2)lift意思是“举起、搬起、抬起”等，有时可以和raise通用，但lift更强调物体的沉重，暗示举起需要费些力气。多用于具体事物，偶尔也用于抽象事物。The box is too heavy for me to lift.这箱子太重，我搬不动。“To the friendship between the two countries!”he lifted his glass and said.他举杯说：“为两国的友谊干杯！”That has lifted a load from her mind.这去掉了她的一桩心事。At the words,he lift
16、ed his head.听了这话，他抬起头来。They have lifted sports standards.他们已经提高了运动水平。（3）rise意思是“上升、升起；增长、提高；站起身；起来反对”等。作“上升”讲时，是指继续上升，常用于日、月 、云、雾、烟、水蒸气、物价、河水、潮水、人的职位等。作“起身”讲时，是get up 和stand up的正式用语。I used to like seeing the sun rise.我过去喜欢看日出。The balloon rose up slowly into the air.气球冉冉升入天空。The master rose from his
17、chair.老师从座位上站起来。The river rises in waves.江水起波浪。He has risen in rank.他已升职了。The book has risen in value.这书的价值已经增长了。2.prepare,prepare for,make preparations for,be prepared for,be ready for(1)prepare sth.=get sth.ready“把某事准备好”，sth.在句中作宾语，表示句子的主语直接参与做这件事。Mother is preparing a meal.妈妈正在做饭。Teacher Li was p
18、reparing the new lesson with other teachers when I went in.我进去的时候，李老师正在和其他老师一起备课。(2)prepare for sth.=get ready for sth.“为某事作好准备”，for sth.在句中作目的状语，表示句子主语是为这个事情在做事前的准备工作。She said she was going to prepare for her trip.她说她要去为她这次旅行作准备。They are busy preparing for the English evening.他们在忙着为召开英语晚会作准备。（3）mak
19、e preparations for和prepare for sth.同义，都表示动作。We began to make preparations for this journey.我们开始为这次旅行作准备。These high officials were making preparations for the presidents visit.这些高级官员正在为总统的访问作准备。(4)be prepared for 与be ready for同义，都表示“状态”。Are you ready for the lesson?功课准备好了吗？I hoped with all my heart t
20、hat you were ready for the worst.我衷心地希望你作好了最坏的打算。3.cry,weep,sob（1）cry 一般指因悲伤、痛苦、愤怒或恐惧而哭泣，通常指哭出声来。When they heard of his death,they couldnt help crying.他们听到他牺牲的消息都禁不住哭了起来。(2)weep指小声或无声地哭泣，尤其指“痛哭流涕”。She wept to see him in such a state.她一见他那种情形簌簌泪下。(3)sob指因极度悲伤、痛苦而呜咽，抽泣，尤其指“泣不成声”。She sobbed into her ha
21、ndkerchief.她用手绢掩面啜泣。.能力训练1.句型转换，每空一词，不改变句子意思。(1)When you drink the water,think of its source._ _ _ _,think of its source.答案：When drinking the water(2)I learned a lot while working in the countryside.I learned a lot while_ _ _in the countryside.答案：I was working（3）With a great weight taken off his min
22、d,he went to bed._ _ _ _ _ _ _his mind,he went to bed.答案：As a great weight was taken off(4)As they were eager to improve farming conditions,they tried out this new crop on a large area._ _ _ _ _,they tried out this new crop on a large area.答案：Eager to improve farming conditions(5)Human life would no
23、t be so easy today without electricity.Human life would not be so easy today_ _ _ _electricity.答案：if there were no(6)It seemed that they had seen each other before._ _ _ _ _each other before.答案：They seemed to have seen2.完成句子，每空一词（1）这篇文章值得细读。The article_ _ _ _ _carefully.答案：is worthy of being studied
24、(2)全部工作都做完了，我们可以休息一会。_ _ _ _ _,we can have a rest.答案：With all the work done(3)你应该到外面活动活动，而不要整天待在屋子里工作。You should be out playing_ _ _ _all day.答案：instead of working indoors(4)他既是我的良师又是我的密友。He is my close friend_ _ _ _ _ _.答案：as well as my good teacher(5)我认为这本书没有多大价值。I _ _the book is_ _ _.答案：dont think;of much value(6)我刚到纽约时，想让人听懂我的话非常困难。When I first came to New York,I had a lot of trouble_ _ _.答案：making myself understood