1、Reference for Teaching.异域风情1.The Longest Fence in the WorldThe Australian government has built the longest fence in the world.It is 9500 kilometres long,and two hundred men look after it.They drive along it and repair it every day.Sand blows against it and buries it.Sand blows away from it and leave
2、s holes under it.Rabbits make holes through it.These holes are dangerous.The man has to repair them immediately.If they do not,the dingoes will get in.Dingoes are wild dogs.They are the fiercest killers in Australia.Wild animals usually kill for foodbut dingoes will for pleasure.One dingo can easily
3、 kill 100 sheep in a night,or a flock of sheep in a few days.Dingoes killed 600 000 sheep in Queensland in eleven years.Those sheep were worth 2 000 000.The farmers were angry,but they could not stop the dingoes.This problem was too big for the farmers to solve.So the government agreed to build the
4、fence.Why?Because Australia depends on her sheep.She exports 45 percent of all the wool in the world.She must win the fight against the dingoes.2.The Worlds Largest LibraryYou might think the largest library in the world would be in Europe.But it isnt.Its in Washington D.C.Its called the Library of
5、Congress.President John Adams started the library in 1800 for members of Congress.He wanted them to be able to read books about law.The first 740 books were bought in England.They were simply set up in the room where Congress met.Then Thomas Jefferson sold Congress many of his own books.He felt Cong
6、ress should have books on all subjects,not just on law.This idea changed the library for good.The library grew and grew.Now it covers acres of land.It contains 20 million books as well as scores of pictures,movies,globes and machines.Experts in every field work there.Hundreds of people call every da
7、y with all kinds of questions.Many of them get answers right over the phone.The library is a hugh storehouse.Thomas Edisons first movie and Houdinis magic books reside there.And it is the proud owner of the worlds best collection of comic books.知识归纳1.名词化形容词、名词化分词在句中作主语时的主谓一致。定冠词the与形容词或分词连用时起名词的作用，它
8、们既可以表示一类人，也可以表示一类物。它们在句中作主语时的主谓一致问题应注意，现将其用法归纳如下：(1)the+形容词或分词作主语，指一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式。The wounded are well taken care of in the hospital.伤员在医院得到了很好的照顾。The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说，活着的人比死者更重要。(2)the+形容词作主语，表示抽象概念，指一类物时，谓语动词要用单数形式。The latest is that he is elected manager.最新的消息是
9、他被选为经理。The unknown is sure to happen.预料不到的事一定会发生。(3)两个the+形容词或分词由and连接，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The wounded and the dying were taken to hospital.受伤的人和生命垂危的人被送往医院。(4)有些表示民族的形容词，如Chinese,Irish,French及British等与the连用，既可指整个民族，也可专指某国的部分人，谓语动词用复数形式。特指某一个人时，谓语动词用单数形式。The Chinese are industrious and brave.中国人民勤劳勇敢。
10、The British drink a great deal of tea.英国人喝茶。The Chinese is a writer.这位中国人是作家。此句中Chinese是名词，特指某一个中国人。(5)定冠词the与above,below,former,latter,first,last等形容词连用，谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式，要看上下文而定。The above is the most important sentence.上面的句子很重要。The above are the most important facts.上述事实很重要。2.让步状语（从句）的归纳在中学阶段，我们学过的引导
11、让步状语（从句）表示“尽管（虽然，即使）”的词语通常有although,though,while,as,even though,even if,despite,in spite of等。在这些词语中除了后两个是介词、介词短语外，其余都是从属连词。现将这些词语的主要用法归纳如下。(1)从属连词although,though,while,as,even though,even if的用法。在正常语序中的让步状语从句，通常用although,though,while,even though引导从句。该从句可以位于主句前，也可位于主句后。although较正式些，though较口语化，while可与t
12、hough互换，但while不太常用，even though含有强调意味。Although/Though/While/Even though the work is hard,I enjoy it.尽管这项工作艰难，但我却喜欢它。Lucy could not get out of the trouble although/though/while/even though she tried her best.虽然露茜尽了尽大努力，但还是未能摆脱困境。注意：在上述两句中的though,although,while或even though都不能用as代替，而且even though中的though
13、不能用although代替。让步状语从句中的动词用一般现在时表将来或一般的行为时，常用even though/if，而一般不用though,although,while或as。I wont attend the party even though/if I am invited.即使邀请我，我也不会参加这个聚会。但如果though 引导的让步状语从句中有情态动词，也可以用even though/if跟一般现在时来代替，表示习惯性的行为。Even if/though you dont like beer(Though you may not like beer),try a glass of t
14、his.尽管你不喜欢啤酒，也要喝下这一杯。当让步状语从句的动词用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设时，常用even though或even if，而不用其他四个连词。He isnt stupid.Even though/if he were slow in study,he shouldnt give up his studies.他并不笨，即使他学得慢一点，也不应该放弃学习。倒装语序的让步状语从句起强调作用，从属连词通常用though,as，而不用although,while,even though，这种从句均放在主句之前，位于句首。它的词序是要把形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前，常见的结构有以
15、下几种：A.adj./adv.+as/though+主语+其他成分Cold as it was,they went on working on the farm.尽管天冷，但他们继续在田里干活。Much as I like the necklace,I will not buy it.尽管我喜欢这条项链，我还是不会买的。B.v.+as+Sub.+情态动词（助动词）+其他成分Try as she might,she couldnt open the door.虽然她试了几次，但仍打不开那扇门。C.n.+as+Sub.+其他成分Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是小
16、孩，却懂很多东西。注意：child前不带不定冠词a当状语从句用although/though/even though引导时，不能与but连用，但可与yet或still连用，构成though/although.yet/still结构。Although/Though/Even though he tried his best,(yet/still) he failed.他虽然竭尽全力，但还是失败了。（2）despite及in spite of的用法介词despite或介词短语in spite of的意思都是“尽管，虽然”，其后都可接名词（短语）或动名词（短语），两者可以互换。Despite/In
17、spite of her serious illness,she came to the meeting.尽管她病得很重，但仍然来开会了。We had a wonderful holiday,despite/in spite of bad weather.尽管天气不好，我们的假期还是过得非常愉快。3.burst的用法归纳（1）爆炸，爆裂，爆破（vi.）The boy put too much air into the ballon and it burst.那男孩把气球打气打得太多了，它爆了。Once their water pipes froze and burst.有一次，他们的水管冻裂了
18、。(2)突然迸发，突然出现（vi.）和forth连用The cherry blossoms burst forth in all their beauty.美丽的樱花突然开放了。和into连用They were so moved that they burst into tears.他们感动得哭了起来。(3)使裂开，使猛然打开（vt.）The river has burst its banks.河水决堤了。They burst the door open/burst open the door.他们一下子把门踹开了。(4)burst常见短语归纳burst into+n.burst out+v.
19、-ingburst into tears/laughter 突然大哭/大笑burst into bloom/flower 开花burst into leaf 长叶burst into song 突然唱起歌来burst into angry speech 大发雷霆burst into the room 闯入房间burst into a storm of abuse 破口大骂burst out crying/laughing 突然哭/笑起来.词语辨析1.familiar with,familiar tofamiliar with和familiar to这两个形容词短语均有“熟悉;通晓”之意，均可用
20、作表语、主语补足语和后置定语。但在用法上又有些区别。(1)familiar with意为“having a good knowledge of.”其主语只能为人，宾语可为人也可为事物，表示某人熟悉某人或某物。Before you leave home for England,you should be familiar with English.在你去英国之前，你应首先熟悉英语。The book is written for readers familiar with the German language.这本书是为懂德语的人编写的。(2)familiar to意为“well known t
21、o.”，其主语可为人，也可为事物，但宾语只能为人，表示某人或某事物对某人来说是熟悉的。English is familiar to him.英语是他的熟门。There are faces not familiar to me.有几张面孔我不熟悉。这两个短语的主语和宾语的位置正好相反，除强调的语句成分的不同外，其语意不变。Shes familiar with the subject.=The subject is familiar to her.她熟悉这道题目。2.as well,as well as(1)as well是副词短语，意思是“也”，常用于句末。She speaks English
22、as well.她也说英语。Im going to Shanghai and my brothers going as well.我将去上海，我弟弟也去。注意：as well不用于否定句。另外as well表示“也好；不妨；还是好”，放在主要动词之前，前面常用may,just等。You may as well go.你去也好。You just as well tell me the truth.你还是告诉我真相为好。(2)as well as相当于not only,besides,in addition to，意思是“不仅；除外；还”，后面可跟名词、代词、形容词、v.-ing形式等。He re
23、ads German as well as English.他不仅读英语，而且读德语。The boy is lively as well as healthy.这个男孩既健康又活泼。He as well as you is very kind to me.不仅你而且他对我很好。注意：as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应与前面名词或代词的人称和数一致。另外请注意下面两个句子的区别：He sings as well as plays the violin.=He not only plays the violin,but also sings.他不但会拉小提琴，而且会唱歌
24、。He sings as well as he plays.=His singing is as good as his playing.他弹得好，唱得也好。（这个句子中as well as结构属于副词比较级的用法）.能力训练1.根据汉语完成句子(1) _ (一顿吃得太多) is no good for your health.(2) _(他是否要来) doesnt matter much.(3)“_”(两人智慧胜一人) is an English proverb.(4) _ (不是玛丽就是简) is from England.(5) _(一万美元) is a lot of money.(6)
25、 _ (在这附近找个书店) is not easy.(7) _(残疾人) should be respected.(8) _ (水稻和小麦) are mainly grown in China.答案：(1)Eating too much at one time(2)Whether he is coming or not(3)Two heads are better than one(4)Either Mary or Jane(5)Ten thousand dollars(6)To find a bookstore near here(7)The disabled(8)Both rice and
26、 wheat2.单句改错(1)A child as he is,he knows a lot of things.答案：将A child改为Child。因为as引导让步状语从句时，如果表语是单数名词，不加冠词。(2)The fork and knife are used to eat meat in some countries.答案：把are改为is。The fork and knife作主语，谓语动词用单数。(3)Two thirds of the earth are covered with water.答案：把are改为is。分数、百分数作主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词保持一致，the earth为不可数名词。(4)The trains are heading to Shanghai.答案：把to改为for。“出发、动身去某地”，应为head for。(5)When and where to build a factory arent decided yet.答案：把arent改为isnt。因为“when and where to build a factory”指的是同一件事，而非两件，应用单数。