1、第2讲介词前沿最新动态 题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1(2020全国卷)Oranges: Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.2(2020全国卷)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature.3(2019全国卷)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been
2、employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.4(2019全国卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs，seven to be exact.1考查介词的基本用法；2考查固定搭配中的介词。考点一常考介词的用法题组试做单句语法填空1Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class on March 1st o
3、n movable type.2(2020浙江省名校新高考研究联盟联考)Pemberton decided to sell it as a drink rather than a medicine. 要点解读1表示时间的介词介词用法at表示时间的点、时刻等。at 6：00 oclock在6点钟；at daybreak在黎明 on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon在周一下午；on a rainy day morning在一个雨天的上午in表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century
4、在 20世纪；in winter在冬季；in September在9月；in the morning在上午since时间点自从以来for时间段 长达during 在期间until/till 直到by 到为止；不迟于in/after时间段 在之后。“in时间段”常与将来时连用；“after时间段”常与过去时连用before 在之前over 在期间；直到结束Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.简很着急，因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。In Britain，its not unusual
5、to have a business meeting over breakfast.在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。易错提醒1当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，every，each等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。2“on/upon名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一就”。2表示方位的介词介词用法at后常接相对较小的地方in后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内on表示“在上”。(反义词beneath)across表示“从的表面穿过；在对面”through表示“从的内部穿过”over表示“从的上面跨过”(反义词under)above指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向
6、上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”(反义词below)The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little scream.狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪。The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。3表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言
7、、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。by train乘火车；on the radio通过收音机；on TV通过电视；with a pencil用铅笔4表示“除之外”的介词(短语)介词用法besides意为“除之外(还有)”，相当于in addition toexcept意为“除之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语but 意为“除之外”( except)apart from既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于except forother than意为“除之外(别无)”Apart from good service，the restaurant offers di
8、fferent kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。易错提醒1but常用于nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything，everyone，all 之后；作为连词，后接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略。2besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。3except还可用作连词，后接从句。5表示原因的介词(短语)for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result of
9、The openair celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。Owing to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。易错提醒上述短语都可作状语，due to还可作表语。thanks to 表示“多亏，幸亏”，多位于句首。6其他常考的介词介词用法against违背，反对；倚靠；以为背景，衬托beyond(范围、限度)超出，为所不能及by程度或增减的幅度；按计despite尽
10、管for(表示目的)为了；(表示对象或用途)给；因为；从来看；赞成，支持with和在一起；和，跟；具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着within(范围、程度)在内without没有off(表示位置)在的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从离开She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.这个练习超出了班里大多数学生的能力。考点二常考介词短语及搭配题组试做单句语法
11、填空1I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.2Start with single syllables and do that a lot and then syllable pairs.3(2020河北五个一名校联盟第二次联考)Do you want to keep up with the latest research and discoveries in science?要点解读高考中的语法填空将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查，介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难
12、点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有：1与名词的搭配at a time每次，一次at a loss 困惑，不知所措at first sight乍一看at table在吃饭by mistake错误地by the way顺便说in charge主管，看管in return作为回报in turn依次；转而in shape健康状况良好in trouble 处于困境中on purpose故意地on holiday在度假in time及时，迟早on time准时on average 平均in honour of为向表示敬意 in place of代替in memory of为了纪念 in addition to
13、除了by hand 手工on the contrary与此相反on account of 由于on behalf of 代表approach to 的方法visit to 到的访问for the sake of为了by means of 借助the reason for 的原因lack of 缺乏by accident/chance 偶然beyond ones reach够不着in advance在前头，事先，预先in the long run从长远来看beyond description 无法形容out of breath/balance上气不接下气/失去平衡to ones surprise
14、/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是under construction/consideration在建设/考虑at the cost of 以为代价in support/favor of支持，支援in terms/view of鉴于，根据for the purpose of 为了目的for the benefit of为了的利益on the way to在去的路上on the basis of 以为基础2与动词的搭配answer for 对负责apply for申请call at 拜访(地点)refer to 谈到；涉及；查阅result from 由于suffer from遭受a
15、pprove of赞成complain of 抱怨consist of 由组成dream of 梦到think of 想起；考虑到call on 拜访(某人)depend/rely on 依靠result in/lead to导致belong to 属于date from/back to 追溯到keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做protect.from 保护不受伤害succeed in 在方面成功3与形容词的搭配 be aware of 意识到be proud of 以为荣be tired of厌倦be angry with sb.对生气be e
16、ager for 渴望be absent from 缺席be ashamed of对感到羞耻be sure of 对有信心；确信be familiar with sth.熟悉be familiar to sb.为所熟悉be patient with 对有耐心be pleased/satisfied with 对满意be popular with sb.受欢迎be strict with sb.对严格be addicted to 对上瘾；沉溺于be available to 对可用；可供使用be beneficial to 对有益处be devoted to 致力于，献身于be similar
17、to 与相似be confident in 对有信心be anxious about/for 忧虑，担心be crazy about 热衷；着迷be curious about 对好奇be particular about 挑剔be suitable for/to适合于4其他搭配far from 远非once in a while 偶尔up to 达到；由决定in spite of 尽管；虽然after all 毕竟，终究ahead of (时间，空间)在前面；领先5易错的搭配with the help of在的帮助下under the leadership of在的领导下the articl
18、e in the newspaper报纸上的文章a hole in the wall 墙上的洞a bird in the tree树上的鸟apples on the tree树上的苹果tickets for the concert音乐会的票in the direction of朝着的方向set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样【技法点拨】在语法填空中：1“是否宾语”作依据介词必须要接宾语，宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或what从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语，则空格处要考虑填介词。2“四种方法”来确定所填介词(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系；(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法；(3)根据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without；(4)根据介词与动词等的搭配。