1、Reference for Teaching.异域风情KoalaWhy did the koala cross the road?To get to less harmful tree leaves on the other side,according to new Australian research.For years koalas have puzzled scientists by risking their lives to cross busy highways to eat from a particular eucalyptus tree(桉树) while refusin
2、g hundreds of other trees of the same species.It is a new chemical in those particular eucalyptus trees which stop the koalas from eating them.Koalas have a digestive system that lets them not be harmed by the poison in the eucalyptus tree,which could be harmful to humans.The Guinness Book of Record
3、s lists koalas,native to Australia and in danger of extinction,as the worlds most strict eaters.They are known to choose 0.6 kilogram leaves to eat a day from nine kilograms.A koalas diet is almost wholly limited to eucalyptus leaves,very low in energy-producing nutrients,but it is the picky(挑剔的) ea
4、ting habit which is putting the animal at risk.Since European settlement,about 80 per cent of Australias eucalyptus forests have been cleared and most remaining trees are on private land.The koalas slow movement also makes it a frequent victim of dogs,cars and bushfires.The Australian Koala Foundati
5、on says that 4000 koalas are killed each year by dogs and traffic.Koalas now number less than 100 000 down from millions in the 1920s when they were shot for their fur.知识归纳1.不能用于进行时态和被动语态的动词英语中有些动词比较特殊，它们不能用于进行时态和被动语态，这样的（短语）动词常见的有：(1)belong to 属于Our success belongs to all the people present.我们的成功属于
6、在座的每一个人。(2)meet 遇见；碰到I met him in the street at eight yesterday morning.昨天早晨8点钟我在街上碰到了他。(3)stay,keep,remain等动词The weather has stayed hot recently.最近天气一直很热。After his election to a high officer,he remained modest.在被选为高级领导干部之后他仍然谦虚。(4)wash easily(易洗)，break easily(易折),write smoothly(写起来流畅),light easily(
7、易燃)等动副搭配。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布容易洗。It is very wet,the match does not light easily.天气很潮湿，火柴不易划着。(5)stand,lie等静态动词这些动词表某物位于某处。There stands a high building over there.那边矗立着一座高高的楼房。(6)taste,feel,look,smell,sound等感官动词This kind of food tastes good.这种食物尝起来味道很好。Ice always feels cold to us.对我们来
8、说冰摸起来总是冷的。(7)sell well(畅销)，last well(持久)，wash well（耐洗），write well(写起来流畅)等动副搭配。This kind of flower sells well.这种花很畅销。The pen produced in this factory writes well.这家工厂生产的钢笔写起来流畅。(8)weigh 物体所称重量为This stone weighs 200 tons.这块石头重200吨。但是当weigh表示“称”时有被动语态。This stone will be weighed this morning.今天上午这块石头将被称
9、出重量。(9)open店铺开门营业This shop doesnt open on Sunday.这家商店周日不营业。但是，当open表“打开；开幕；开张”时有被动语态。This door was opened by Li Ping.门是被李平打开的。This sports meeting will be opened next week.运动会将于下周开幕。2.turn out用法归纳turn out是重点短语动词，表示“结果是；证明是”，作连系动词。turn out既可以作系动词又可以作实义动词，是应重点掌握的短语动词，现将其基本用法归纳如下：（1）作连系动词turn out作连系动词用时
10、，表示“原来是；结果是；证明是；某种事态发生发展的最终结果是”，后面所接的表语形式有以下几种：接形容词作表语，在形容词前可以加to be。Hopefully tomorrow will turn out(to be) fine.希望明天是个好天。She turned out successful after all.她终于成功了。接副词作表语。How did everything turn out in the end?最终结果如何？接介词短语作表语。Not many men turned out for duty.没有多少人出勤。接由“as/like+名词（代词、过去分词等）”构成的短语作表
11、语。Everything turned out as expected.一切都是如期的那样。接名词或代词作表语，其前也可以加to be。That friend of mine turned out(to be) a thief.我的那个朋友原来是个小偷。后面接that引导的表语从句。It turned out that he had never been there.结果发现他从未去过那儿。后面接“名词或代词+v.-ing”作表语It turned out her playing the guitar.原来是她在弹吉他。（2）作实义动词turn out作实义动词用，表示“关上、关掉、（应召）出
12、动、制造、生产”，后面接名词、不定式等。Be sure to turn out the lights before you go out.在外出之前你一定要关灯。You had to turn out to fight the enemy.你们不得不出动和敌人作战。turn out可用于被动语态。Many cars have been turned out by this factory.这家工厂生产了许多辆小汽车。3.常见的短语动词搭配(1)动词+名词，如have a rest,have a swim,take place,make a face,catch a cold等。They dec
13、ided that the ceremony should take place on Thursday.他们决定仪式在星期四举行。Be careful,you may catch a cold.小心点，你可能会感冒的。(2)动词+介词（这一类短语动词作及物动词），如look for,listen to,depend on,look at,deal with,insist on,wait for等。The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.这座城市几乎完全靠旅游业维持。Such people are difficult to dea
14、l with.这种人不好对付。（3）动词+副词，这一类短语动词有的作及物动词，有的作不及物动词，如break down,put out,wake up,break out,think over,give out,work out等。Then the car I was in broke down.这时我乘坐的汽车坏了。The monitor gave the books out.班长把书发给了大家。(4)动词+副词+介词，这一类短语动词作及物动词，如：look down upon,look forward to,catch up with,make up for,go on with等。I w
15、ish you wouldnt look down on this kind of work.我希望你不要看不起这种工作。He made up for the part of an old man.他化装扮演一个老头儿。(5)动词+名词+介词，这一类短语动词作及物动词，如catch sight of,make use of,put an end to,play a role in,pay attention to等。Just then they caught sight of us.就在这时候他们看见了我们。We must make good use of our time.我们要很好地利用时
16、间。Pay attention to the well-being of the masses.要关心群众的生活。（6）及物动词+宾语+介词+宾语，如devote.to,change.into,prevent/stop/keep.from,divide.into,tell.from等。Some of them were devoted to (the study of) naturual science.他们有些人专门研究自然科学。How can we tell the good from the bad?我们怎么能区分好坏？（7）系动词be+形容词+介词，这一类短语动词相当于及物动词，如be
17、 fond of,be worried about,be familiar with,be equal to,be good at等。I am not very familiar with botanical names.我不太熟悉植物学方面的名称。He is fond of music.他喜欢音乐。4.beyond的用法(1)介词（prep.）在的那边；越过The house is beyond the bridge.房屋在桥的那一边。Dont go beyond the town boundary.不要走出市界。（指时间）超过；晚于Dont stay out beyond 10 ocloc
18、k.不要在外面待到十点钟以后还不回家。She never sees beyond the present.她从未看到将来。超出；出乎；为所不能及Your work is beyond all praise,so good that it cannot be praised enough.你的作品叫人赞扬不尽。We succeeded beyond our hopes,were more successful than we had hoped to be.我们获得如此之成功，是我们始料不及的。He lives beyond his income,spends more than he earn
19、s.他的生活入不敷出。（常用于否定句和疑问句）除以外I know nothing of it beyond what he told me.除了他告诉我的以外，别的我什么都不知道。（2）副词（adv.） 在远处；向远处；更远地look beyond 往远处看(3)名词（n.） 远处the back of beyond 极远的地方；天涯海角.词语辨析1.run out of,run outrun out of短语多用于完成时和进行时，其主语一般是人。We have run out of coal and have to burn wood.我们的煤烧完了，只好烧柴禾。Three months p
20、assed.They were running out of their food and money.三个月过去了，他们的粮食和钱就要用完了。（2）run out短语不可用作被动语态，其主语一般是物。His strenth ran out.他的精力耗尽了。My patience has completely run out.我的耐力完全没有了。2.besides,except,apart from(1)besides表示“除了（还有）”（有“加”的作用）。Besides knowing some French,she was fluent in Italian.除了懂些法语，他的意大利语也很
21、流利。（2）except也是介词，表示“除了（都）”（有“减”的作用）。 We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天，我们每天都去。I like all musical instruments except the violin.除了提琴我什么乐器都喜欢。(3)apart from兼具besides和except两者的意思。Apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.除了花钱，它还需投入许多时间。Apart from that,all goes well.除了这一点，一切都很顺利。在否定结构后，这三个词都
22、可以用，意思差不多，但用apart from时更多：He has nothing besides/except/apart from his salary.除了薪水他别无所有。Apart from them,I had no one to talk to.除了他们我没有别人可以交谈。.能力训练1.用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)Its five oclock now.By six my parents _ (return) from their work.(2)I_ (not know) you_ (be) so busy in the past few weeks.(3)Hardly _ I
23、_ (get) into the room when it_ (start) to rain.(4)Up till 1905,there _ (be) no railway in China.(5)It_ (rain) for two hours and we have to wait until the rain stops.(6)By the time Tom(leave) school,he_ (learn) English and French.(7)We_ (leave) for Shanghai tomorrow.答案：(1)will have returned(2)didnt k
24、now;had been(3)had;got;started(4)had been(5)has been raining(6)left;had learnt(7)are leaving2.单句改错(1)These methods have been proved quite effective.答案：去掉been。因为prove在这里是连系动词，不能用于被动语态，它的意思是“证明，结果是”。(2)He is in the possession of the flat.答案：去掉the。因为in the possession of后接人，意为“为某人所占有”，而in possession of才
25、是“占有某物”的意思。(3)My patience has completely been run out.答案：去掉been。因为run out 短语不可用于被动语态，其主语一般是物，意为“用完”。(4)He mistook me as my sister.答案：将as改为for。因为“mistake sb. for.”是一个固定短语，意思是“把某人错认为”。(5)If it was to rain,the crops would be saved.答案：将was 改为were。因为在虚拟条件句中，不论主语是第几人称，be动词一律用“were”，不用“was”。(6)Her expression suggested that she should be angry.答案：将should be改为was。因为在这个句子里的suggest是“暗示，表明”的意思，所以不用虚拟语气，如果suggest是“建议”的意思，后面接宾语从句时，则用虚拟语气，即should do，其中should常可省略。