1、语法讲座写作讲座考点精析专题练习佳作观摩技法指导专题练习Module 6 The Worlds Cultural HeritageSection Grammar&Writing返回 返回 返回 返回 一、虚拟语气1定义：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望、假设、怀疑、建议和猜测等，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2名词性从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，常可表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等。虚拟语气往往由“(should)动词原形”构成。返回(1)宾语从句 宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词：一坚持 insist二命令 ord
2、er,command三建议 suggest,advise,recommend四要求 require,request,demand,desireHe ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.他命令学生们每周都要自己洗衣服。The doctor suggested that we(should)take more exercise.医生建议我们要多运动。返回 点津 当insist 意为“坚持说，坚决认为”，suggest意为“表明，暗示”时，后面宾语从句的谓语动词不用虚拟语气。We ins
3、ist that you(should)accept these gifts.我们坚决要求你收下这些礼物。He insisted that he had done right.他坚决认为自己做对了。I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。返回 His cool response suggested that he didnt like the idea.他冷淡的反应表明他并不喜欢这个主意。动词wish后的宾语从句在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气(w
4、ish后的that常省略)。根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位。具体用法见下表：wish(that).did(be 用were)表示现在的愿望 would/coulddo 表示将来的愿望 had done 表示过去的愿望 返回 I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。We wish we had studied more hard when at school.我们上学时能学得再努力一点就好了。I wish I could fly to the moon one day.我希望有一天我会飞到月球上去。返回 考题印证1(2011北京高考)Where are
5、 the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.Awerent Bhadnt beenCwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been解析：选。考查虚拟语气。根据问句句意“孩子们现在在哪里？”可知wish 后的宾语从句应用动词的过去式，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，故答案为A。A返回 would rather后的宾语从句在would rather后面所跟的从句中也可用虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。其形式为：would rather主语动词过去式 表示现在或将来的愿
6、望 would rather主语had动词过去分词 表示过去的愿望 返回 I would rather it were winter now.我宁愿现在是冬天。I would rather you came on Sunday.希望你星期天来。I would like you had done the work before.我希望你以前做过这项工作。返回(2)主语从句 在句型“It is/was important(necessary,strange,natural.)that 引导的主语从句”中，从句谓语动词用“(should )动词原形”。It is necessary that we(
7、should)clean the room every day.有必要天天打扫房间。It is natural that such a hardworking student(should)pass the exam.这么用功的学生考试及格是很自然的事。返回 在句型“It is/was demanded(ordered,requested,suggested,recommended.)that引导的主语从句”中，从句谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。It was suggested that she(should)take part in the club activities.有人建议
8、她参加俱乐部活动。It is decided that the meeting(should)be put off till tomorrow.已经决定会议延期到明天。It has been proposed that we(should)change the topic.有人提议我们改变题目。返回 在句型“It is/was a pity(a duty,no wonder.)that引导的主语从句”中，从句谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。It is a pity that you(should)be so careless.遗憾的是你如此粗心。It is no wonder that
9、 he should have succeeded.他成功了是不足为奇的。返回(3)表语从句 as if/as though引导的表语从句as if 引导的表语从句常跟在特定的动词后面，如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel等。从句的谓语动词可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气。It looked as if she were made of ice.她看起来似乎是冰做的。It looks as if it isnt clean enough to bathe here.看起来这里的海水好像不干净，不能游泳。(事实或可能是事实)返回 It appears as if he
10、hadnt met her.好像他从未见过她似的。某些名词如advice,demand,decision,desire,idea,order,plan,proposal,requirement,request,suggestion等作主语时，后面表语从句的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。His proposal is that we(should)get rid of the bad habits.他建议我们摒弃这些不良习惯。Our plan is that the work(should)be finished ahead of time.我们的计划是提前完成工作。返回 My ide
11、a is that we(should)do exercises first.我的主意是先做练习。(4)同位语从句同位语从句修饰的是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词如advice,demand,decision,desire,idea,order,proposal,requirement,request,suggestion等时，从句谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。返回 The suggestion that students(should)learn something practical is worth considering.学生应多学一些实际的东西的建议是值得考虑的。
12、二、状语从句(表示地点、条件和让步)1.定义：在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。按其意义可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、比较、目的、结果、方式等类别。不同的状语从句是由不同的连接词引导的。返回 2地点状语从句通常由连词where(在地方)，wherever(无论在哪里)引导。Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。You will find him wherever he is needed.在任何需要他的地方，你都可以找到他。返回 考题印证2(2012山东高考)A number of high buildings have arisen
13、 _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.Awhen BwhereCbefore Duntil 解析：选。考查状语从句。句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方出现了。where引导地点状语从句，表示“在地方”。when表示“当时”，句中已有时间状语a year ago，故排除；before和until都不符合句意。B返回 3条件状语从句通常由连词if(如果),unless(除非),in case(万一，如果),as/so long as(只要),supposing/suppose(that)(假设),provided/providing(that)(只要
14、，如果),on condition that(如果),given that(假设)以及only if(只要，假如),if only(要是，多好)等引导。I wont go to the party unless Im invited.除非我被邀请，否则我不会去参加聚会的。In case you need something,please dont hesitate to let me know.如果你需要什么东西，请不客气地对我说。So long as I live,I must study.只要还活着，我就要学习。返回 31.(2012福建高考)It is hard for the Gree
15、k government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the European Union.Aif BunlessCbecause Dsince解析：选。考查连词的用法。句意：对希腊政府来说，如果从欧盟那里得不到更多的财政支援，很难克服目前的困难。unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合题意。B考题印证3返回 32.(2012江西高考)You can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast.Aunless Be
16、ven ifCin case Das long as解析：选。考查状语从句。A项表示“除非；如果不 ”；B项表示“即使”；C项表示“万一；以防”；D项表示“如果；只要”。显然D项符合题意：你可以借用我的车子只要你承诺不开车太快。D返回 4让步状语从句(1)even if/even though(即使)引导的让状语步从句He will come on time even though it rains.即使下雨，他还是会准时来的。Even though you do not like it,you must do it.即使你不喜欢这工作，你也得做。返回 考题印证4(2012北京高考)Look
17、at those clouds!Dont worry._ it rains,well still have a great time.AEven if BAs thoughCIn case DIf only解析：选。考查连词。根据答语句意“别担心。即使下雨，我们仍然会玩得很开心”可知，应用even if引导让步状语从句。A返回(2)“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句这类词在引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter疑问词”。He can answer the question however/no matter how hard it is.不管问题有多难他都能回答。Whatever/N
18、o matter what you may do,do it well.不论你做什么，好好地做。Whichever/No matter which side wins,I shall be satisfied.不论哪一边胜，我都高兴。返回(3)though/although/while/as(虽然，尽管)引导的让步状语从句Though they may not succeed,they will still try.即使他们可能不会成功，但他们仍努力尝试。Although my uncle is old,he looks very strong and healthy.我的叔叔虽然老了，但他看
19、上去还是很健壮。While I like the colour of the hat,I do not like its shape.我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色，但却不喜欢它的样式。Cold as it was,they went on working.尽管天气很冷，他们仍不停地工作。返回 点津 as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。Young as he is,he works hard.他虽年轻但努力工作。Teacher as he is,he is not capable of teaching all subjects.虽然他是老师，但他不能教所有的科目。Much as I like it,I
20、 dont want to buy it.我很喜欢这东西，但并不想买它。Try as he might,he couldnt lift the box.他试过多次，但仍扛不起那盒子。返回 考题印证5 51.(2012全国卷)I dont believe weve met before，_ I must say you do look familiar.Atherefore BalthoughCsince Dunless解析：选。考查连词。句意：虽然我必须要说你看起来很熟悉，但我不相信我们之前见过。前后两分句间为转折关系，故选although“虽然，尽管”。B返回 52.(2012陕西高考)Ho
21、t _ the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.Aalthough BasCwhile Dhowever解析：选。考查倒装句。句意：尽管夜间的空气很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后，我们太累了。as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词as主语谓语动词。although与while也可以引导让步状语从句，但它们不能用倒装语序。B返回(4)once(一旦)引导的让步状语从句Once printed,this book will be ve
22、ry popular!一旦出版，这本书将会非常畅销！Once you begin,you must continue.你一旦开始便不可停下来。(5)whether.or./whether(.)or not(不管是还是)引导的让步状语从句I shall go,whether you come with me or stay at home.不论你来还是留在家中，我都要去。Whether we help him or not,he will fail.不论我们帮助他与否，他都将失败。返回 5在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和某些让步状语从句中用一般时态表将来Melissa told me that a
23、s soon as she arrived,she would ring me up.梅利莎告诉我她一到就给我打电话。If weather permits,we will go to the park tomorrow.如果天气好的话，明天我们去公园。Keep calm,whatever happens.无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。返回 点击下列图片进入 返回 返回 端午节是中国重要的传统节日。人们为什么庆祝端午节？如何庆祝端午节？谈谈你对端午节的认识。Duanwu Festival is a traditional Chinese festival held on the fifth day
24、 of the fifth month of the Chinese calendar.It has been celebrated,in various ways,in other parts of East Asia as well.In the West,its commonly known as Dragon Boat Festival.返回 It is said that the festival memorializes the Chinese poet Qu Yuan(340 BC278 BC)of the Warring States Period.He committed s
25、uicide by drowning himself in a river because he was disgusted by the corruption of the Chu government.The local people,knowing him to be a good man,decided to throw food into the river to feed the fish so they would not eat Qus body.They also sat on dragon boats,and tried to scare the fish away by
26、the thundering sound of drums and the fierce looking carved dragon head on the boat.Today,people eat zongzi and race dragon boats in memory of Qus dramatic death.返回 第一段：介绍节日的时间和庆祝范围。第二段：介绍节日的由来。第三段：介绍节日的特色食品和活动等。返回 文中运用了多个高级词汇和高级表达形式。句中的held过去分词短语作定语；句中的in various ways和 as well；句中的be known as.；句中的it
27、 is said that；句中的by drowning himself.和because原因状语从句；句中的knowing现在分词短语作时间状语；句中的in memory of短语等。返回 本模块要求介绍一项非物质世界文化遗产，其目的是使人们具体了解某个节日、某种传统音乐或艺术等。它属于介绍类说明文。1文化遗产的介绍内容(1)文化遗产的名称、地点和时间等。(2)其基本历史情况。(3)其作为文化遗产的地位及特点。(4)对文化遗产进行的保护等。返回 2写作时要注意的几个方面(1)整理材料时，要进行综合分析，把握素材，分清主次，敢于取舍，不求面面俱到。(2)时态的选用要视情况而定。如果对文化遗产的
28、历史进行介绍，需要采用过去时态；若对其现在的情况进行介绍，则要用现在时态。(3)行文时，力求通篇连贯，表达简明扼要，语言规范。(4)注意使用恰当的关联词及一些常用句式。返回 黄金表达1.Festival is a traditional festival.2It is important to.3It is held on.4It is said that.Festival.5It comes from.6It dates back.7People take part in.8People eat.9The festival is still.10It is of great significance.返回 点击下列图片进入