1、课时质量评价(十七)选择性必修第一册UNIT 1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENTA组基础巩固. 语法填空AChinese scientist Guo Huadong published an article on the website of the academic journal Nature, calling on scientists to build a digital Silk Road to make 1. _ best of big data.Guo, 2. _ is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
2、(CAS), said in the article that 3. _ (share) big data from satellite imagery and other earth observations in the regions covered by Chinas Belt and Road Initiative is key to sustainability (可持续发展). Guo underlined that the 4. _ (environment) are diverse and fragile with various natural dangers in the
3、 regions. He believes a combination of 5. _ (accuracy), reliable and timely scientific observations of ecosystems 6. _ (be) vital.Guo has been chairman of the Digital Belt and Road Programme which 7. _ (set) up in 2016 by Chinese scientists teaming up 8. _ experts from 19 countries and 7 internation
4、al organisations.“The aim of the Digital Belt and Road Programme is 9. _ (improve) environmental monitoring, promote data sharing and support policymaking，” Guo said.In the article, Guo also 10. _ (sincere) invited more natural and social scientists to join the shared effort.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科
5、学院院士郭华东在国际权威学术期刊自然上发表评论文章，呼吁各国充分利用“地球大数据”，携手共建“数字丝绸之路”。1. the考查冠词。make the best of表示“充分利用”，是固定搭配，故填the。2. who考查定语从句。空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，指代人，并在从句中作主语，故用who。3. sharing考查非谓语动词。此处为动名词短语在that引导的从句中作主语，表示主动关系及一般性动作。4. environments考查名词复数。根据后面的are可知此处要用名词的复数形式，故填environments。5. accurate考查形容词。空处所填词与reliable和time
6、ly并列，修饰scientific observations，故用形容词accurate (精确的，准确的)。6. is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处说的是现在的客观情况，故用一般现在时；主语为“a combination of .”，谓语要用第三人称单数形式，故填is。7. was set考查动词的时态和语态。由in 2016可知，谓语要用一般过去时；which(指代先行词the Digital Belt and Road Programme)与set up之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，所以填was set。8. with考查介词。team up with意为“与合作或一起工作”，故填wit
7、h。9. to improve考查非谓语动词。空处所填词作表语，表示目的及主动关系，故要用不定式to improve。10. sincerely考查副词。空处所填词修饰谓语动词，故要用副词sincerely(真诚地)。BQian Zhongshu was 1. _ Chinese scholar and writer, 2. _ (know) for his wit and erudition (博学). Despite failing in mathematics, Qian was accepted 3. _ the Department of Foreign Languages and
8、Literatures of Tsinghua University in 1929 because of his excellent 4. _ (perform) in Chinese and English languages. In Tsinghua, he met his wife Yang Jiang, who was 5. _ (become) a successful playwright and translator, and 6. _ (marry) her in 1935. In the same year, Qian received government sponsor
9、ship to further his studies abroad. Together with his wife, Qian headed for the University of Oxford in Britain. After 7. _ (spend) two years at Exeter College, he received a Bachelor of Literature. He then studied for one more year in the University of Paris in France before returning to China in 1
10、938.Qian lived in Shanghai from 1941 to 1945, which was then under Japanese 8. _ (occupy). Many of his works were written or published during this period of time. A collection of short 9. _ (essay), Written in the Margins of Life, 10. _ (publish) in 1941.His most celebrated work Fortress Besieged ap
11、peared in 1947.On the Art of Poetry, written in classical Chinese, came out in 1948.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了钱钟书先生的生平和作品。1. a考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，指学者兼作家，且Chinese以辅音音素开头，故填a。2. known考查非谓语动词。be known for sth.“以某事知名，以某物闻名”，此处在句中作状语，故填known。3. into考查介词。短语accept sb. into sth.为固定用法，意思是“接收某人进入”。4. performance考查
12、词性转换。由空前的“his excellent”可知，此处应用名词作介词of的宾语，故填performance。5. to become考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示“她即将成为一位成功的剧作家兼翻译家”，结合空前的“was”可知，此处应用不定式表示将来，故填to become。6. married考查动词的时态与主谓一致。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，动词“marry”与上文中的“met”之间是并列关系，且由时间状语“in 1935”可知，应填married。7. spending考查非谓语动词。由空前的介词“After”可知，空处应填动词ing形式作宾语。8. occupation考
13、查词性转换。根据空前的介词“under”和形容词“Japanese”可知，空处应用名词occupation。短语under occupation意思是“被占领”。9. essays考查名词复数。essay为可数名词，其前没有限定词修饰，故填essays。10. was published考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示Written in the Margins of Life于1941年出版，publish与其主语之间是被动关系，且由时间状语“in 1941”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。. 根据提示补全句子1. 她坚持要到机场为我们送行。She insisted_on_s
14、eeing_us_off at the airport.(insist on .)She insisted_that_she_(should)_see_us_off at the airport.(insist that .)2. 我的老师总是提醒我，一旦设定了学习目标，在任何情况下都不应该放弃。(circumstance)My teacher always reminds me that under_no_circumstances_should_I_abandon my learning goals once I set them.3. 根据新的法律，人们酒后不准开车。(according
15、 to)According_to_the_new_laws,people mustnt drive after drinking alcohol. 4. 他努力学习，结果在期末考试中取得了高分。(consequence)He worked hard at his lessons and as_a_consequence,got high marks in the final examination.5. 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。(conclusion)I drew/reached/came_to_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences that
16、 a friend in need is a friend indeed.B组能力提升. 阅读理解ASteven Jobs, the designer of Apple Computer, was not clever when he was in school. At that time, he was not a good student and he always made troubles with his schoolmates. When he went into college, he didnt change a lot. Then he dropped out (退学). B
17、ut he was full of new ideas. After he left college, Steven Jobs worked as a video game designer. He worked there for only several months and then he went to India. He hoped that the trip would give him some new ideas and give him a change in his life. Steven Jobs lived on a farm in California for a
18、year after he returned from India. In 1975, he began to make a new type of computer. He designed the Apple Computer with his friend in his garage. He chose the name “Apple” just because it could help him to remember a happy summer he once spent in an apple tree garden. His Apple Computer was so succ
19、essful that Steven Jobs soon became famous all over the world. He often said, “I live in order to change the world; there arent any other reasons. The only way to have a great achievement is to love your own career. If you cant find your favourite career, go on looking for it and never give up.”This
20、 is Steven Jobs. Though he is dead, his spirit and achievements still influence our lives. 1. Why was Steven Jobs not a good student in school? A. He never did his lessons. B. He dropped out. C. He always made troubles with his schoolmates. D. He was full of new ideas. 2. Why did Steven Jobs go to I
21、ndia? A. To be a video game designer. B. To get some new ideas. C. To make a new type of computer. D. To have a happy summer. 3. What made Steven Jobs famous all over the world? A. His new ideas.B. His Apple Computer. C. His video games.D. His saying. 4. What do we know about Steven Jobs from this p
22、assage? A. He didnt finish his studies in the college because he hated his schoolmates. B. He liked travelling in India and California. C. He liked trying new things and making his new ideas come true. D. He thought he had many reasons to live in the world. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了史蒂夫乔布斯的生平事迹。他在学校时不是一
23、个好学生， 总是和同学闹矛盾。当他进入大学后， 并没有改变很多， 最后他辍学了，但他充满了新的想法并使之实现。1975年他研制了一种新型电脑苹果电脑。他的苹果电脑是如此成功， 以至于史蒂夫乔布斯很快成为世界名人。1. C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At that time, he was not a good student and he always made troubles with his schoolmates.”可知选C。2. B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He hoped that the trip would give him some new ideas and give h
24、im a change in his life.”可知，史蒂夫乔布斯去印度是因为他想获得一些新的想法， 所以选B。3. B细节理解题。根据第五段可知，史蒂夫乔布斯的苹果电脑使他闻名于全世界， 所以选B。4. C推理判断题。根据短文大意可知乔布斯总是有新的想法， 并能使之实现。故选C。BOur ability to collect data gets far ahead of our ability to fully use it, yet data may hold the key to solving some of the biggest global challenges facing
25、us today.Take, for instance, the frequent outbreaks of waterborne diseases as a consequence of war or natural disasters.The most recent example can be found in a country, where roughly 10,000 new suspected cases of cholera (霍乱) are reported each week and history is filled with similar stories.What i
26、f we could better understand the environmental factors that contributed to the disease, predict which communities are at higher risk, and put in place protective measures to stop the spread? Answers to this question and others like it could potentially help us prevent a catastrophe.As a big data sci
27、entist, I study data from wideranging, public sources to identify patterns, hoping to predict trends that could be a threat to global security. Various data streams are important because the ground truth data (such as surveys) is often delayed, limited, incorrect or, sometimes, nonexistent.For examp
28、le, knowing the incidence (发生率) of mosquitoborne disease in communities would help us predict the risk of mosquitospread disease such as dengue (登革热), the leading cause of illness and death in the tropics. However, mosquito data at a global (and even national) level is not accessible.To address this
29、 gap,were using other sources such as satellite pictures, climate data and population information to forecast the risk of dengue. Specifically, we had success in predicting the spread of dengue in Brazil at the regional, state and city level using these data streams as well as clinical observation d
30、ata and online searches that used terms related to the disease. While our predictions arent perfect, they show promise.Similarly, to forecast the flu season, we have found that online searches can complement (补充) clinical data. Because the rate of people searching the Internet for flu symptoms often
31、 increases during their beginning, we can predict a sharp increase in cases where clinical data delays. All of this shows the potential of big data. The information is there: now its time to use it.5. What do the examples in Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 4 show?A. Big data is still hard to get and use.B
32、. People arent skilled at dealing with big data.C. Big data is not always an imagined method.D. Catastrophes might be prevented with big data.6. According to the text, survey data _.A. is a main form of multiple data streamsB. is an effective way to collect informationC. is sometimes unreliable and
33、unavailableD. is a timely alternative to multiple data streams7. What does the underlined part “this gap” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The lack of big data on mosquitos.B. The lack of different data streams.C. The risk of an outbreak of a disease.D. The ignorance of how a disease spreads.8. Whats the
34、best title of the text?A. How Do We Collect and Use Data?B. What Are the Challenges Facing Us Now?C. How Can Big Data Help Save the World?D. What Is the Answer to Preventing Catastrophes?【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。我们生活在大数据时代，我们所搜集到的信息可能正是我们现如今正在面临的全球性挑战的解决办法，有帮助我们阻止灾难发生的可能性。5. D推理判断题。第二段的事例旨在说明如果有大数据，那么我们也许就可以预
35、防重大灾难的发生；而第四段的事例表明大数据能够帮助我们预测由蚊子传播的疾病的风险。这些均说明我们可以利用大数据预测这些疾病的发生率从而防止其大规模蔓延，即阻止这种灾难的发生。故选D。6. C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Various data streams are important because the ground truth data (such as surveys) is often delayed, limited, incorrect or, sometimes, nonexistent.”可知，调查数据有时候是不可靠的或者难以获得的。故选C。7. A词义猜测题。根据画线部分
36、上文中的“However, mosquito data at a global (and even national) level is not accessible.”可知，目前还没有全球(甚至全国)规模的蚊子数据。再结合下文的内容可知，this gap指的就是有关蚊子的大数据的匮乏。故选A。8. C标题归纳题。文章第一段是本文的中心段，接下来作者举了一些例子来支撑自己的观点，作者说明了大数据的潜力，而且告诉我们信息就在那里，是时候使用它了。综合上述信息可知，本文主要围绕利用大数据来帮助应对一些我们现如今正在面临的全球性挑战展开，故C项作本文标题最佳。. 完形填空Ask people to
37、name the worlds tallest peak and anybody with sound general knowledge will name Mount Qomolangma. But quiz them on its exact 1 and many will not be sure.In 1975, Chinese surveyors 2 that Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest) was 8848.13 metres high. As 3 improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and
38、 gravity measurement technologies were 4 to get more exact figures. Of course, someone still had to carry 5 to what is the worlds rooftop.In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that, as they 6 the height to be 8844.43 metres. Scaling Qomolangma is no 7 task. T
39、he average air temperature there is 29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees 8 than in Antarctica. The snow there is 4 5 metres thick and hurricanelike 9 blow all the time. Team members were training to 10 the extreme conditions.In a nutshell, measuring the Qomolangmas height is a tall order, 11 huge a
40、mounts of money and human resources. But it is worth the 12 . Qomolangma is the perfect 13 for observing crustal (地壳的) movements. And changes to the peaks height could 14 whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other.Besides, the condition of snow and other natural materials at t
41、he top is an indicator of upcoming climate change on the TibetQinghai Plateau. Thats 15 measuring the Qomolangmas height is so significant. Put to good use, and it can benefit mankind.1. A. locationB. appearanceC. areaD. height2. A. determinedB. assumedC. estimatedD. admitted3. A. conditionB. techno
42、logyC. societyD. economy4. A. employedB. expectedC. approachedD. inspired5. A. weaponsB. vehiclesC. instrumentsD. packages6. A. changedB. calculatedC. extendedD. expanded7. A. gloriousB. easyC. admirableD. tough8. A. colderB. hotterC. higherD. lower9. A. snowsB. rainsC. windsD. snowflakes10. A. cope
43、 withB. fight forC. take onD. carry out11. A. wastingB. spendingC. overcomingD. involving12. A. effortB. lossC. harvestD. achievement13. A. channelB. windowC. solutionD. entrance14. A. measureB. foreseeC. indicateD. expose15. A. whereB. howC. whyD. whether【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了测量珠穆朗玛峰高度的艰难及其重要性。1. D
44、根据下文的1975年以及2005年对珠峰高度的测量可知，此处指的是对其高度的精确测量。故选D。2. A根据下文“As 3 improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were 4 to get more exact figures.”可知，此处指的是中国的测量员确定珠峰的高度是8848.13米。故选A。3. B根据下文“satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies wer
45、e 4 to get more exact figures”可知，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术都是科技。故选B。4. A根据下文的“to get more exact figures”可知，这些高科技被运用到测量珠峰精确的高度中。故选A。5. C根据常识可知，测量是需要设备仪器的，此处指的是需要携带一些设备登山。故选C。6. B根据上文“In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that”以及下文“the height to be 8844.43 metres”可知，此处指的是
46、中国登山队在2005年计算的珠峰的高度是8844.43米。故选B。7. B根据下文“The average air temperature there is29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees 8 than in Antarctica.”可知，测量珠峰并不是一件容易的事。故选B。8. D根据“29 degrees Celsius”可知，此处表示珠峰的温度比南极洲还要低4摄氏度。故选D。9. C根据下文的“blow”可知，此处表示风。故选C。10. A根据“the extreme conditions”可知，此处表示登山队员们正在训练是为了应付珠峰的极端条件
47、。故选A。11. D根据“huge amounts of money and human resources”可知，测量珠峰的高度需要投入大量的人力和物力。故选D。12. A根据下文“Put to good use, and it can benefit mankind.”可知，这项任务值得努力去做。故选A。13. B根据下文“observing crustal (地壳的)movements”可知，珠峰是观测地壳运动的最佳窗口。故选B。14. C珠峰两次测量高度的变化可以表明两个板块是朝着相同方向还是相反方向运动。故选C。15. C本句在讲述测量珠峰高度的重要性。本句为why引导的表语从句。故选C。
