1、选修(八)Unit3 Inventorsandinventions核心单词重点短语经典句型1.distinguish2.convenient3.mercy4.caution5.bear6.seize1.associatewith2.callup3.setabout4.getthrough5.hangon6.diveinto1.ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.2.Preparedwithsomeresea
2、rchfindings,Idecidedonthreepossibleapproaches3.Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.4.Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,you willhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.5.Thedayiscomingwhentelegraph wireswillbelaidontohousesjustlikewaterorgasandf
3、riendswilltalktoeachotherwithoutleavinghome.单 词 过 关1.patent n.专利证书;专利发明2.distinguish vi.&vt.使有所不同 distinguished adj.卓越的;杰出的 distinguishable adj.易分辨的3.cube n.立方体;立方 cubic adj.立方的4.abrupt adj.突然的;意外的 abruptly adv.突然地;唐突地5.convenient adj.方便的;便利的;就近的 convenience n.方便;便利;有益6.caution n.小心;谨慎 cautious adj.
4、小心的,谨慎的7.expectation n.预料;期待;期望 expect v.期待;预期8.passive adj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的9.release vt.&n.放走;释放10.seize vt.抓住;提住;夺11.criterion n.(评判的)标准;尺度 criteria(复数)12.claim vt.声称 n.主张13.valid adj.有效的;确凿的14.file n.文件;档案;文件夹15.ripe adj.熟的;成熟的16.string n.线;绳子17.glue n.胶水18.freezing adj.冰冻的;严寒的19.identification n.鉴定
5、,辨认,确定20.directory n.电话簿21.innocent adj.清白的,无罪的,天真的22.bear vt.忍受;忍耐;负担 stand,endure(近义词)23.dynamic adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的24.tap vt.轻打;轻拍;轻敲25.current adj.现在的;当前的26.stable adj.稳固的;稳定的;安定的27.associate vt.联想;联系 n.同伴;伙伴 association n.联系;协会28.practical adj.实际的;实践的;实用的 practice v.练习;实践 n.练习;实践29.extention n.扩大,延
6、伸petence n.能力,胜任,本领 短 语 互 译1.给打电话 callup 2.开始;着手 setabout 3.迅速把手伸入;一心投入 diveinto 4.开始(做)setout(todo)5.设法联 系 上(尤 指 打 通 电 话);(设 法)做 完;通 过 getthrough 6.nowandthen 偶尔;有时 7.hangon 不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住 8.outoforder 次序颠倒;发生故障 9.ringback 回复电话 10.ringoff 挂断电话 句 式 仿 写1.Thereseemstobe 似乎有/好像有原句ThefirstthingIdidwastosee
7、iftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.我所做的第一件事202就是看看有没有什么现成的产品能帮助我,但是,看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。仿 写Thereseemstobe(似 乎 有)something wrongwithmypen.2.过去分词短语作状语原句Preparedwithsomeresearchfindings,Idecidedonthreepossibleapproaches 经 过 一 番 研 究 以 后,我决定采用三种可能的方法仿 写Althou
8、ghbuiltthirtyyearsago(30 年 前 建 造的),thehouselooksverybeautiful.3.“only+状语”位于句首的倒装原句Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.只有得到这种认可,你才可以说自己是一个真正的发明家。仿写Onlyinthiswaycanyouimprove(你才能改进)theoperatingsystem.4.祈使句+and+陈述句原句Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,you w
9、illhavesomething worththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中,你就会发现某种值得思 考 的 东 西 占 据 着 你 的头脑。仿写Workhardandyoullsucceedinstudy(你在学习上就会取得成功).语 法 自 测用所给动词(短语)的适当形式填空。1.Hehadoneofhisteethpulledout(pullout)yesterday.2.Thenextmorning,thegroundiscovered(cover)withheavysnow.3.Wouldyoulikesomefried(fry
10、)chips?4.Therearelotsoffallen(fall)leavesontheground.5.Helookedatmewithaninterestedlook.Obviouslyhewasinterested(interest).词 汇 突 破 1.distinguishvt.区别,辨 别,分 清;看 清,辨 认 出;使具有某种特征(1)distinguishbetween and 把与区分开distinguishfrom 区分与distinguishoneself出众,表现突出(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的,著名的bedistinguishedfor因著称(3
11、)distinctionn.区别;卓越Itiscertainlyimportanttodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.明辨是非当然要紧。He can distinguish a genuine antique from areproduction.他能区分真正的古董与复制品。Liu Wei,an armless pianist from Beijing,distinguishedhimselfatChinasGotTalent.来自北京的断臂钢琴师刘伟在中国达人秀节目中表现突出。MoYanisdistinguishforhisgoodknowledgeoflit
12、erature.莫言因其文学知识丰富而著称。Trademarksare words,names,orsymbolsthatidentifytheproducerofaproductanditfromsimilargoodsofothers.A.defend B.protect C.distinguish D.break答案:C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:商标是识别产品的厂家和辨别其他相似产品的词、名字或符号。defend“保卫”;protect“保护”;distinguish“辨别,区分”;break“破碎,停止运转”。2.convenientadj.方便的,便利的(1)Itisconvenie
13、ntforsb.todosth.做某事对某人来说是方便的beconvenientfor/tosb.对某人方便(2)conveniencen.方便,便利;适宜;省事atonesconvenience在某人方便的时候forconvenience为方便起见makeaconvenienceofsb.利用某人 Students think it is convenient for them tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldbyusingcellphones.学生们认为用手机与外界交流很方便。I hope you can send me an answer at yourc
14、onvenience.我希望你能在方便的时候给我回信。Busesareconvenientandfast,butinrushhourstheycanbeterrible.公交车方便快捷,但在高峰时期却很麻烦。Thehouseisconvenientforseveralschools.这所房子离几所学校都很近。ImafraidImnottohelpwiththeshow,forIamfullyoccupiedwithmyownproject.A.dependable B.convenientC.availableD.accessible答案:C 句意:恐怕我没有时间帮你举办展览,我完全忙于我自己
15、的计划。dependable“依靠的”;convenient“方便的”;available“有空的”;accessible“可到达的”。(2015 湖 北 应 城 月 考)Developedtransportationsystemsinthecountryhavereallybroughtthepublicalotofandhelpedalotdeveloplocaleconomy.203A.intelligenceB.convenienceC.impressionD.attraction答案:B 句意:这个国家的发达的交通体系真正给公众带来很多便利,并大力帮助发展 当 地 经 济。发 达 的
16、 交 通应是给公众带来很多“便利”,故选convenience。3.mercyn.慈悲;怜悯;同情心(1)atthemercyof任凭的摆布;完全受的支配havemercyon/upon对有怜悯心;同情show mercytosb.对某人表示宽容outofmercy出于同情/仁慈with/withoutmercy仁慈地/残忍地(2)mercifuladj.宽大的,仁慈的;慈悲的bemerciful/to对仁慈Havinglostenginepower,theboatscrewfoundthemselvesatthemercyofthewind.在 失 去 引 擎 动 力 之后,船员们发现自己只
17、能任凭风力摆布了。Francisthoughtitwasnotproperforabasketballplayertoshow mercytohiscompetitors.弗朗西斯认为篮球队员同情其对手是不合适的。Onthecontrary,thecrisisstruckChina withoutmercyanddidharmtoitsstilldevelopingeconomy.相反,危机无情地打击了中国,对其正在发展中的经 济 造 成 了危害。Mrs Turneradoptedthe homelesschild outofmercy.出于同情,特纳夫人收养了那个无家可归的孩子。(2014安
18、徽合肥八中模拟)Thevoyagesoftravellersbeforethe17thcenturyshowedthattheywerenottheseaeventhoughtheydidnthavemodernnavigationalaids.A.attheexpenseof B.attheriskofC.onthewaytoD.atthemercyof答案:D 考查介词短语辨析。句意:17世纪之前的旅行家的航海表明,即使他们没有现代导航设备,他们也没有处在大海的任意摆布之下。attheexpenseof“以 为代价”;attheriskof“冒的危险”;onthewayto“在去的路上”;
19、atthemercyof“任凭摆布,完全受的支配”。根据句意选 D。4.cautionn.谨慎,小心,警告 vt.警告;告诫;提醒(1)usecautionindoingsth.在做某事时要小心withcaution小心地,谨慎地(2)cautionsb.about/that 警告某人cautionsb.nottodosth./againstdoingsth.警 告 某人不要做某事(3)cautiousadj.小心的,谨慎的becautiousabout/of/with 对很小心 Whencrossingstreet,theold manalwayslooksaroundandthenwalk
20、acrosswithcaution.过马路时,那位老人总是先看看四周,然后才小心地走过去。Samcautionedhimagainstmaking/nottomakeahastydecision.萨姆告诫他不要草率作出决定。WeareadvisedtobecautiousaboutmakingfriendsontheInternet.我们被建议在网上交友要小心谨慎。Ireceivedafromthedoctoraboutthefatinmydiet.A.caution B.cautious答案:A5.bearvt.容忍;携带;承担;生育;结(果实等)(1)bearsb./sb.sdoingst
21、h.忍受某人做某事beartodo/doingsth.忍受做某事beartheresponsibility/cost/expenseof承担责任/费用bearsth.inmind记住某事(2)putupwithsth.容忍某事toleratetodo/doingsth.忍受做某事keepsth.inmind记住某事learnsth.byheart记住某事Wecantbearpeopledroppinglittereverywhere.我们无法忍受人们到处乱扔垃圾。Wemustkeepitinmindthatwastingtimeisequaltowastingourlife.我们必须牢记浪费时
22、间就是浪费生命。MrsObamahasbornethreechildreninherlife.奥巴马夫人一生养育了三个孩子。(2014福建三明质检)Whattheyoungmancantisthathismumalwaystreatshimlikeababy.A.support B.undertake C.hold D.bear答案:D 考查动词词义辨析。句意:让这个年轻人不能忍受的是他母亲总把他当小孩子对待。support“支持,支撑”;undertake“从 事,负 责”;hold“握 住,保 持”;bear“忍受,容忍”。6.seizevt.抓住;捉住;夺取;攻占seizesb.byth
23、ecollar/thearm 抓住某人的衣领/胳膊seizeup停止运转,发生故障seizeachancetodo 抓住机会做seizeholdof抓住,占领seizeon/upon利用,抓住(可利用的事物)China,forexample,hassetits mindonleadingthatmarket,hopingtoseizechancesinthenewroundoftheglobalenergyrevolution.例如,中国已经决心领先 进入该市场,希望在新的一轮全球能源改革中抓住机遇。Therumourswereeagerlyseizeduponbythelocalpress.
24、当地报纸迫不及待地对这些传闻加以炒作。Theenginesuddenlyseizedup.发动机突然发生故障。Suddenlyatallman,ridingahorse,thegirlandtookheraway,intothewoods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seizing;disappearingC.seized;disappeared D.seized;disappearing答案:D 第一空为谓语动词,第二空为现在分词作伴随状语。2047.associatevt.联想;联系(1)associatesb./sth.withsb./sth.把 和 联 系在一起;由
25、联想到associatewithsb.与某人交往或常打交道beassociatedwith 和有关(2)associationn.联合;联想;交往;协会;团体inassociationwith 与合伙/合作/有关You mustbearitin mindthatyoushouldneverassociatewithbadcompanions.你必须要牢记千万别和坏人交往。Weareworkinginassociationwithalocalcompanytoraisemoneyforthehomeless.我们联合一家当地的公司,为无家可归的人筹款。Myassociationwithhimgo
26、esbacktoourdaysinhighschool.我和他的交往可以追溯至高中时代。Inthechildrensmindssummerisassociatedwithpicnics.在孩子的意识里,夏天是和野餐联系在一起的。(2015湖北华师一附期中)EliWhitneysideaof“standardisation”meantproducingthousandsofexactlythe same partsof cars,for examplethat wouldaplacewheretheotherpartswerebroken.A.associatewithB.appealtoC.f
27、itintoD.seizeon答案:C 句意:伊莱惠特尼“标准化”的主张意味着生产很多完全一样的零件,比如说 车,其 他 零 件 损 毁,同 类部件都可 相 吻 合。associatewith“联 系,交 往”;appealto“吸引,呼 吁,上 诉”;fitinto“适 合,与 相 吻 合”;seizeon“抓住,利用”。故选 C。8.callup给打电话;使回忆起(1)callat拜访(某个地点)callin回收;邀请calloff取消,停止callon/upon拜访(某人);号召callfor需求,需要;去接(某人)callout大声喊叫;召集(2)ring/callback 回复电话r
28、ingoff挂断电话ringup=callup给打电话givesb.aring/call给某人打电话sb.bewantedonthephone有某人的电话answerthephone接电话hang/holdon不挂断电话Thesoundofhappylaughtercalledupmemoriesofhischildhood.这幸福的笑声使他回忆起童年时代的情景。Itriedto callyou uplast night,but no oneansweredthephone.我昨晚曾打电话给你,但没有人接。The game was called off because ofthe badwea
29、ther.比赛因天气恶劣被取消。The MinistryofEducationcallsonstudentstoexerciseforanhoureveryday.教育部呼吁学生每天锻炼一个小时。WhydontyoucallonmyoldersisterwhenyoureinBrighton?你到了布赖顿何不顺便探望一下我姐姐呢?Shewantedyoutocallherbackassoonasyouarehome.她希望你回家后尽快给她回电话。(湖 北 高 考)AsIgrewupinasmalltownatthefootofa mountain,the visittothe villages
30、cenesofmychildhood.A.calledupB.calledforC.calledonD.calledin答案:A 句意:因为我生长在山脚下的一个小镇,本次参观使我 想 起 了 童 年 的 情 景。callup“唤 起”,符 合 句 意。callfor“需要”;callon“号召”;callin“召集”。9.setabout开始;着手做setout开始;着手;出发;动身setoff启程;开始setaside将放一边;节省;保留;不考虑setup搭建;建立;成立setdown放下;写下;记下setfree释放;解放 They set about/set out working/to
31、 work themomenthegothome.他一到家他们就开始工作。SheisgoingtosetoutforFranceatfiveoclockinthemorning.她准备早上五点钟出发去法国。Ifyouwanttocatchthattrain,youdbettersetoffforthestationimmediately.你要是想赶上那班火车,你最好马上动身去火车站。IhopeIwillsetupmyownbusinesssomeday.我希望有一天我能建立自己的事业。(上 海 春 招)Ifyouanyproblemswhenyouarriveattheairport,give
32、mearing.A.comeupwithB.setaboutC.runintoD.putaside答案:C 句意:如果你到达机场时碰上什么问题,就打电话给我。comeupwith“赶 上,提 出,拿 出”;setabout“开始,着手”;runinto“碰撞,偶然遇到,陷于,碰上(困境/麻烦等)”;putaside“节省(钱/时间),储蓄,储存备用,撇开,置之不理,把放在一边”。故选 C。10.getthrough设法联系上;做完;通过gothrough 检查;经历passthrough 从中穿过;走过中lookthrough 浏览;仔细查看seethrough 看穿;识破205livethr
33、ough 活过(一段时间);经过后仍然活着breakthrough 突破(障碍)Shefoundwritinghelpedhergetthroughtheroughdays.她发现写作帮她渡过了那些艰难的日子。Ittookusonlyafew minutestogetthroughtheCustoms.我们只花了几分钟时间就通过海关检查。Icouldntgetthroughtoherbecauseherphonewasbusyallday.她 的 电 话 整 天 占 线,因 而 我 没 能 联 系上她。Manyhomelesspeoplegetintothehabitofbeggingtoge
34、tmoneytostayalive.许多无家可归的人开始养成乞讨谋生的习惯。Hehasgreatdifficultyingettingalongwellwithhisclassmates.他与同学很难相处好。(浙江高考)Afterthat,heknewhecouldanyemergencybydoingwhathecouldtothebestofhisability.A.getawaywithB.getonwithC.getthroughD.getacross答案:C 句意:经过那件事之后,他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。getawaywith“侥幸逃脱”;getonwith“与
35、友好相处”;getthrough“接通,顺利通过,完成”;getacross“被理解,越过”。故选 C。句 式 诠 释 Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟随它,在它周围探索,不知不觉中,你将有值得考虑的某些东西占据你的大脑。“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型的三种变化形式:(1)“祈使句+破折号+陈述句”结构。(2)“名 词 短 语+and+陈 述 句”(名 词 短 语 中 通 常 含 有more,another,furth
36、er,earlier等词)结构。(3)“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构,or表示“否则;要不然的话”,or可用orelse或 otherwise替换,从反面来预测结果。Listencarefully,andyoullgettounderstandit.=Ifyoulistencarefully,youllgettounderstandit.仔细听,你就会慢慢地明白它。Trysomeofthisjuiceperhapsyoulllikeit.尝尝这种果汁,也许你会喜欢。Itisreallyverydangerous.Onemorestep,andthebabywillfallintothewell.
37、真危险。再多迈一步,这个孩子就掉进井里了。Studyhard,or/orelse/otherwiseyoullfailinyourexams.认真学习,否则你会考试不及格。=Ifyoudontstudyhard,youllfailinyourexams.如果你不认真学习,你会考试不及格的。(2013四川高考)Readthisstory,youwillrealisethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.A.or B.and C.but D.so答案:B 考查连词。句意:读这个故事,然后你就会明白并不是所有东西都能用钱买到。“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”为
38、固 定 句 型。根 据 句 意 可 知 此 处 表 顺 承 关 系,故用and。.单词拼写。1.Thelightwastoodimformetodistinguishanythingclearly.2.Thechequeisnotvalidifitwerenotsignedbyyou.3.Heseizedherbythearmallofasudden.4.Icanbearthehardtrainingnomatterwhathappens.5.Iusedmydriverslicenseasidentification.6.Whatcriteria(标准)areusedforassessinga
39、studentsability?7.How aretheserelatedtotheproduct(产 品)beingdesigned?8.Nobodybelievedhisclaimthathewasinnocent(清 白的).9.AsfarasIamconcerned,itisconvenient(合适的)formetodothejobwell.10.Atthemeeting,heputforwardseveralpractical(实用的)suggestions.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空。callup,fillin,setabout,workout,applyfor,decide
40、on,getridof,pickup1.Catherineappliedforajobwithaninsurancecompanylastweek.2.Wemustworkoutaplanacceptabletoallasquicklyaswecan.3.Havingdecidedonacareerinjournalism,Iemailedallthemajornewspapersaskingforaninterview.4.Susanpickedupthetelephoneanddialedhersistersnumber.5.Wouldyou mindfillinginaquestionn
41、aireaboutwhatyouwatchontelevision?2066.Weremoving,sowehavetogetridofalotofouroldfurniture.7.Thenewgovernmentmustsetaboutfindingsolutionstothecountryseconomicproblems.8.ImgoingtocallupPhilipandcancelourappointment.根据所给汉语和括号中的提示完成句子。1.由于学生背负着沉重的家庭作业的担子,一 些 教 育 家呼吁公众多关注他们的身体健康。(burden)With students bur
42、dened with too much homework,someeducatorsappealedtothe publicto pay moreattentiontotheirphysicalhealth.2.我发现应邀参加晚会的客人没有出现。(invite)Ifoundsomeoftheguestsinvitedtothepartydidntturnup.3.你已经检查完所有下周送往山区的光盘了吗?(send)Haveyou checked allthe CDs to be sentto themountainareanextweek?4.尽管他会努力,但想要超过名单上所有表演者有点难。(as)Tryashewould,itwashardforhimtotopthelistofalltheperformers.5.在会上,他因为使他所有学生都通过了考 试 而 受 到 表扬。(getthrough)Atthe meetinghe waspraisedforhavinggotallhisstudentsthroughtheexam.07