1、情态动词must, have to , ought to, need用法大盘点一、 must 表示说话人认为有必要做某事或命令、要求别人做某事,意为“必须”。I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。 Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必须明天还书吗? 用在肯定句中表示有把握的推测,意为“一定”。 a. “must + be / be doing”表示对现在情况的推测。He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。(对现在状态的肯定推测)At this moment, ou
2、r teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时,我们老师一定在批改试卷。(对正在发生的事情的肯定推测)b. “must + have + done”表示对过去情况的推测。 He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把这件事情告诉我的父母了。 c. “must + have + been doing”表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Why didnt you answer my phone call last night? 昨晚你为什么没接我的电话?Well, I must have been sleepi
3、ng, so I didnt hear it. 我当时一定睡着了,所以没听到电话铃声。 否定式mustnt表示“不许,禁止,绝对不可,千万不要”。You mustnt smoke in class. 上课时不准吸烟。 回答must的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt 或dont have to.Must I finish my homework now? 我必须现在就完成作业吗?Yes, you must. 是的。No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 不,你不必。二、 must和have to的区别 must 强调“内在的职责”、
4、“义务”或“主观意愿”,而have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得不做”。 We must study hard. 我们一定要努力学习。(主观上要做)My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做) have to可用于多种时态。must一般用于现在时和将来时,将来时可用shall / will have to代替,过去时由had to代替。I must (= shall have to) be at home tomorro
5、w. 我明天一定在家。I had to finish it yesterday. 我昨天不得不完成这件事。 在否定结构中,两者意义不同:dont have to表示“不必”;mustnt表示“禁止”,You dont have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it. 你千万不要把这件事告诉他。三、 ought to 表示义务、约束力,意为“应该,应当”,语气比should强,比must弱。You ought to follow him. 你应该听他的话。 否定式是ought not to或oughtnt t
6、o, 疑问句是把ought提到主语前面。He oughtnt to (=ought not to) go there. 他不该去那儿。Ought I to leave tomorrow? 我应当明天动身吗? 表示推测。指出于某种责任、义务、常理的“应该”。注意与must表示推测时的区别: He ought to be home by now. 现在他应该在家。(不十分肯定) He must be at home by now. 现在他一定在家。(断定他已到家) “ought to + have done” 表示“本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做”。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。此时,ought
7、 to和should可以互相换用。You ought to have been here yesterday. 你昨天就应该来。 You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room. 你不应该把书带出阅览室。四、 need 作情态动词时,多用在否定句或疑问句中。其否定形式为neednt,表示“不必”;疑问形式为 Need. do? 表示询问是否有“必要”,在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替。Need they stay here this evening? 他们今晚要住在这儿吗?
8、Yes, they must (have to). 是的,他们要住在这儿。No, they neednt. 不,他们不必住在这儿。 “neednt + have done”表“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”。You neednt have come last night. 你昨晚本不必来。You neednt have taken it seriously. 这件事情你本来不必太认真。 注意: need还可以用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面的不定式必须带to。He needs some money. 他需要点钱。You dont need to wait for him. 你不必再等他了。Does he need to return? 他需不需要回来?Yes, he does. (No, he doesnt). 需要。(不需要。)