1、03精讲课时语法语法预备役将下列句子改为被动语态1. He gave me a present._答案：I was given a present by him.2. Workers cant find the manager._答案：The manager cant be found by workers.3. The villagers have built a bridge over the river._答案：A bridge has been built by the villagers.4. The police will surely arrest the thief._答案：T
2、he thief will surely be arrested.5. The farmer was ploughing the field._答案：The field was being ploughed by the farmer.6. Have they paid you the money?_答案：Have you been paid the money by them?7. Mr. Wang gave us an English lesson._答案：We were given an English lesson by Mr. Wang.或：An English lesson was
3、 given to us by Mr. Wang.8. Tom is painting his house._答案：Toms house is being painted by him.语法讲座一、动词语态简介语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态，主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。同一件事往往既可以用主动句又可以用被动句来表达，但侧重点有所不同。一般来说，主动语态侧重于行为者即动作的发出者，而被动语态侧重于动作的对象即动作的承受者。I have re
4、paired the radio.我已修好了收音机。(主动语态)The radio has been repaired.收音机已经被修好了。(被动语态)二、英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异汉语表达被动语态非常简单明了，用“被”“受”“遭”等词来表示。而英语表达被动语态的方式也不复杂，用“be动词的过去分词”表示，其中的be动词有人称、数和时态的变化，而这正是英语被动语态的难点。三、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成一般现在时is/am/are动词的过去分词一般过去时was/were动词的过去分词一般将来时willbe动词的过去分词is/am/aregoing to be动词的过去分词现在进行时is
5、/am/arebeing动词的过去分词过去进行时was/werebeing动词的过去分词过去将来时would/shouldbe动词的过去分词现在完成时have/hasbeen动词的过去分词过去完成时hadbeen动词的过去分词情态动词can/may/mustbe动词的过去分词被动语态的疑问句是将第一个助动词提到句首，句末用问号；否定式是在第一个助动词后加not或never等否定词，句末用句号。A building was damaged by the storm.暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。Was the kite broken？风筝破了吗？Has your TV set been repaire
6、d?你的电视机修好了吗？The letter has not been sent out.信还没有发出去。名师点睛在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get及物动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫“get型被动语态”。get型被动语态一般不可接by短语引出动作的执行者，也不与表示一段时间的短语搭配。While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty.亨利在等待获得升职机会的同时，在尽力做好自己的本职工作。Peter and Mary got married last year
7、.皮特和玛丽于去年结了婚。四、被动语态的用法1. 不知道谓语动词所表示动作的执行者时，或者没有必要说出执行者时。His bike has been stolen.他的自行车被偷了。2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。The plan has been sent to the headmaster.计划已经送给校长了。五、被动语态的注意事项1. 不能用于被动语态的动词(1)不及物动词不能用于被动语态，因为它们没有宾语。(2)表示状态而不是动作的及物动词，如break out, belong to, cost, deserve, fit, have, hold, lack, take part i
8、n, take place, want等动词不能变成被动语态。2. 主动形式表示被动意义 (1)某些动词，如lock, shut, open, read, write, sell, wash, clean, burn, cut等，表示主语的属性或特征时，用主动形式表示被动含义。The books sell well.这些书很畅销。(2)当不定式用在作表语的某些形容词后面时，不定式常用主动表示被动。这些形容词有easy, hard, difficult等。The problem is difficult to deal with.这个问题很难处理。(3)want, need, require(作
9、“需要”讲)和be worth后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。可以换为不定式的被动式。The room needs cleaning.房间需要打扫了。3. make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面接不带to的不定式作宾补，但在被动语态中，不定式符号to必须补上。He was made to wash the car.他被要求去洗车。He was heard to say sorry to his friend.有人听到他向朋友道歉了。六、如何区别被动语态和系表结构“be过去分词”这个结构既可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构。二者形
10、式相同，但意义不一样。被动语态表示动作，句子主语是动作的承受者。系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。The cup was broken by the cat yesterday.这个杯子昨天被猫打碎了。(被动语态)The cup is broken.这个杯子碎了。(系表结构)强化印证. 把下列句子变为被动语态1. We heard her sing at the party last Sunday._答案：She was heard to sing at the party last Sunday.2. You must take good care of the children._答案：
11、The children must be taken good care of.3. He wrote a book on computers._答案：A book on computers was written by him.4. They are preparing for the exam._答案：The exam is being prepared by them. 单句改错1. The passage is difficult to be understood._答案：be understoodunderstand2. The accident was happened a few
12、 days ago._答案：去掉was3. The disabled are taken good care in China._答案：care后加of4. The sofa is comfortable to sit._答案：sit后加in5. This book is well worthy reading._答案：worthyworth考点研讨1. Shakespeares play Hamlet _ (make) into at least ten different films over the past years. 答案研讨：has been made句意：在过去的几年中，莎士比
13、亚的哈姆雷特已经被制作成至少十部不同的电影。本题的解题关键是后面的时间状语over the past years，这种时间状态，通常都是跟现在完成时态连用的，再根据Hamlet 与make 为被动关系，所以应用现在完成时的被动语态。2.So what is the procedure?All the applicants _ (interview) before a final decision is made by the authority. 答案研讨：are interviewed句意：程序如何？ 权威部门做出最终决定之前，所有的申请者都要接受面试。从语态看，申请者是被面试，应用被动语态
14、； 从时态看，既然是程序，那就应该用一般现在时来表达，所以应该填are interviewed 。3. The famous musician, as well as his students, _(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.答案研讨：was invited句意：这个著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2012年的台北花展上演出。主语是单数，尽管后面跟有介词或介词词组作附属修饰语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；2012 Taipei Flower Expo是一个过去的时间，动作已经发生，
15、应该用过去式；主语和invite为被动关系，所以应该填was invited。4. Unless some extra money_(find), the theatre will close.答案研讨：is found句意：除非找到一些额外资金，否则这家剧院就得关门。由主句中的will可知unless引导的从句应用一般现在时态表将来，且money和find之间是被动关系，故答案为is found。5. We are confident that the environment _(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.答案研讨
16、：will be improved句意：我们非常有信心，在我们进一步减少污染的努力之下，环境将得到改善。根据已知时态we are confident和our further efforts，可确知讲将来的事情，所以用将来时。再根据environment与improve为被动关系，所以应填will be improved。达标演练. 用所给动词的正确形式填空1. In the past few years many buildings _ (build) in our hometown.答案：have been built2. By the end of last month, half of
17、the project _ (finish)答案：had been finished3. Several famous hosts on CCTV _ (appear) on the stage tomorrow.答案：will appear4. _ the foreigners _ (show) around the school two days ago?答案：Were; shown5. The children _ (teach) how to operate the machine now.答案：are being taught. 完成句子1. Please _， ladies and
18、 gentlemen!女士们，先生们，请就座！答案：be seated2. They will _ next month.他们下个月结婚。答案：get married3. The window _.这窗子打不开。答案：wont open4. The cloth _.这种布料好洗。答案：washes well5. Who _ for the accident?谁该为这次事故负责？答案：is to blame.单句语法填空(不多于3个单词)1. After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading, only to be told t
19、hat it _ (decorate)答案：was being decorated句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。阅览室显然是被装修，应用被动语态，又根据句意可知，阅览室是正在装修，动作正在进行，故用过去进行时态。2.Have you heard about that fire in the market?Yes, fortunately no one _ (hurt)答案：was hurt句意：你听说商场里发生的火灾了吗？听说了，幸运的是，没有人受伤。no one与hurt之间是被动关系，而且所说的事发生在过去，因此应用一般过去时的被动形式。3. Mum, I w
20、as wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ (pay) on Friday.答案：get paid在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，且I与pay之间是动宾关系，所以填get paid。4. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _(rebuild)答案：is being rebuilt句意：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用现在进行时态，且house与动词rebuild之
21、间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。5. What do you think of the book?Oh, great. Its worth _ (read) a second time.答案：reading在英语中，表示“值得干”时，可用短语be worth doing，用主动形式表被动。6. Your composition is good but your handwriting still requires _(improve)答案：improving/to be improvedsth. require/need/want doing(或to be done)是固定结构，主
22、动形式表示被动意义。7. Why do you keep looking back?I have a feeling that we _ (follow)答案：are being followed句意：你为什么一直往后看？我感觉我们正被人跟踪。we和follow之间是被动关系，且描述的是现在正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时的被动语态。8. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _(reach)答案：had been reached句意：在会议结束时，宣布达成了一个协议。协议“被”达成，用被动语态；达成协议的动作
23、发生在宣布之前，故用过去完成时的被动语态。9. Do you have any problems if you _(offer) this job?Well, Im thinking about the salary.答案：are offered因为条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表将来，又因为主语you和谓语动词offer存在被动关系，故须用被动语态。10. The first edition of this book _ (publish) in 1955 and has been a bestseller ever since.答案：was published句意：这本书的第一版是在1955年出版的，到现在一直很畅销。book与publish之间是被动关系，且由“in 1955”可知描述的是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。