1、（新高考，全国卷）2021届高三英语11月普通高中教育教学质量监测试题（含解析）第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)略第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 ABest Science FictionThe Sprawl Trilogy by William GibsonThis classic trilogy from william Gibson consists of Neuromancer, Count Zero and Mona Lisa Ov
2、erdrive. The book that started the entire concept of Cyberpunk, the Hugo Award-, Nebula Award-and Philip K. Dick Award-winning Neuromancer remains one of the best sci-fi books ever written and the entire trilogy is worth a read, even if its the original that gets all the praise.Hyperion Cantos by Da
3、n SimmonsThis series by Dan Simmons consists of Hyperion, The Fall of Hyperion, End ymion and The Rise of Endymion. Truly one of the great works in science fiction history, the Hugo Award-winning Hyperion Cantos is an absolutely excellent story of extreme terror, character-building and wild-world-bu
4、ilding that is almost without equal in the type. How we havent gotten a proper onscreen adaptation of this series yet, I have no idea, but Perhaps its best left in its original, amazing book form.Enders Game Quartet by Orson Scott CardEnders Game is often read in schools, but it has incredibly matur
5、e themes like isolation, loneliness, competition and fear- many of which are more relevant now than when Orson Scott Card first began the series in 1985. If you love Enders Game, its worth reading the whole series to follow the sci-fi adventures of Andrew “Ender” Wiggin: Enders Game, Ender in Exile,
6、 Xenocide and Children of the Mind.Snow Crash by Neal StephensonThis is the only stand-alone book on this list, as the rest are all in a series, so if you dont feel like investing in 300, 000 pages of content, Neal Stephensons Snow Crash is for you. This book is the heir ( 继 承 人 ) to Neuromancers Cy
7、berpunk throne and an absolutely excellent read from Stephenson. The author uses virtual reality as his setting, and the main character is a pizza deliveryman in one world and a warrior prince in another.1. Which book won the most awards?A. Neuromancer.B. Hyperion.C. Enders Game.D. Snow Crash.2. Wha
8、t do we know about Enders Game Quarte?A. It consists of three books.B. It is popular among students.C. It has been adapted into a film.D. It focuses on childrens problems.3. What is special about Snow Crash?A. Its the longest story.B. Its about the solar system.C. Its not a series.D. Its not a real
9、story.【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本科幻小说。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据The Sprawl Trilogy by William Gibson部分“the Hugo Award-, Nebula Award-and Philip K. Dick Award-winning Neuromancer”可知Neuromancer获得过至少三项大奖，比本文提到的其他小说都多。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Enders Game Quartet by Orson Scott Card部分“Enders Game is often read in
10、 schools”（ Enders Game这本书在学校经常被阅读）可知Enders Game Quarte在学生中很受欢迎。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson部分 “This is the only stand-alone book on this list, as the rest are all in a series”（Snow Crash是这些作品中唯一一本独立的书，其余的都是一个系列）可知Snow Crash的特别之处在于它不是一个系列。故选C。BIsaac Newton is one of the greatest ge
11、niuses in history, though in his younger years, nobody would have guessed that he would grow up to become one of the worlds most brilliant minds.He was born prematurely (早产) and quite small. He hated his step family. He went to a school that did not teach mathematics, and then later he was removed.
12、His mother was widowed twice. She urged him to become a farmer, and he hated that too. He was a working student in college, doing odd jobs to pay for his education. And he graduated from Cambridge without honors.He didnt look outstanding at all, and neither was his story. But his mind saw more compl
13、ex, and fascinating stories in the concepts of mathematics and physics. His plain life did not bother him at all.Though he went through his Cambridge years with barely any honors, the inside of his study was found to have some of the most groundbreaking discoveries in physics and mathematics. He wen
14、t on to discover many of his famous theories, including the generalized binomial theorem, power series, and infinite sums. He also observed the way light is refracted ( 折 射 ) by lenses and developed his own Newtonian telescope. Through his discovery of the Laws of Universal Gravitation and Laws of M
15、otion, the field of physics was forever transformed.If there was anything constant about the life of Isaac Newton, it wasnt merely that his brain was large，but that it was continuously filled with wonder. Isaac Newtons life was brilliant, not because of his wondrous adventures, but because he saw wo
16、nder in everything- from the minute details of mathematical philosophy, to how the world works. Truly, there is nothing boring or ordinary about a mind that seeks adventure in all things.4. Which word can describe Issac Newton as a young man?A Ordinary.B. Diligent.C. Happy.D. Intelligent.5. What can
17、 we infer about Issac Newton from the third paragraph?A. His life experience was extraordinary.B. He had a gift for math and physics.C. He was good at making up stories.D. He didnt care about his grades at school.6. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 5?A. Newtons life was full of ad
18、ventures.B. Nothing Is impossible to a willing heart.C. A brain good at discovery is never boring.D. Newton had a brain larger than any others.7. What can be the best title of this text?A. The Achievements of Isaac NewtonB. The Brilliant Life of Isaac NewtonC. Interest Is the Best Secret of SuccessD
19、. Hard Work Makes up for Lack of Intelligence【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了牛顿平淡的学校生活，以及后来的伟大成就。【详解】1.推理判断题。结合第二段的内容“He was born prematurely (早产) and quite small. He hated his step family. He went to a school that did not teach mathematics, and then later he was removed. ”他是个早产儿，个子很小。他
20、恨他的继父母。他去了一所不教数学的学校，后来他被开除了。”和“ He was a working student in college, doing odd jobs to pay for his education. And he graduated from Cambridge without honors.”他大学时是个打工的学生，靠打零工来支付学费。他从剑桥大学毕业，没有获得任何荣誉。据此可推断，牛顿和其他的孩子一样，年轻时很普通。故选A。2.推理判断题。根据第三段中“But his mind saw more complex, and fascinating stories in t
21、he concepts of mathematics and physics.”在他的头脑中能看到数学和物理概念中复杂迷人的故事。说明他对数学和物理有与众不同的天赋。故选B。3.主旨大意题。结合第五段“If there was anything constant about the life of Isaac Newton, it wasnt merely that his brain was large，but that it was continuously filled with wonder. Isaac Newtons life was brilliant, not because
22、of his wondrous adventures, but because he saw wonder in everything- from the minute details of mathematical philosophy, to how the world works. Truly, there is nothing boring or ordinary about a mind that seeks adventure in all things.”如果说牛顿的一生中有什么永恒不变的东西的话，那不只是他的大脑很大，而且他的大脑还不断地充满了奇迹。牛顿一生辉煌，不是因为他的奇
23、妙冒险，而是因为他能在一切事物中看到奇迹从数学哲学的微小细节，到世界是如何运作的。事实上，一个追求冒险的头脑，没有什么是无聊或平凡的。据此可知，作者想告诉读者的内容体现在最后一句总结中，即，善于发现的大脑永远不会无聊。故选C。4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Isaac Newtons life was brilliant, not because of his wondrous adventures, but because he saw wonder in everything- from the minute details of mathematical philosophy, to ho
24、w the world works. ”（艾萨克牛顿的一生之所以辉煌，并不是因为他奇妙的冒险经历，而是因为他看到了一切事物的奇妙之处从数学哲学的细微细节，到世界是如何运转的）结合全文内容，本文首先介绍了牛顿的童年时期，然后介绍了他后来的成就以及取得成就的主要原因。故B选项“艾萨克牛顿辉煌的一生”能够概括本文内容，最适合作文章标题。故选B。CThe health benefits of staying active are already well-known. It can help you manage weight keep blood sugar levels down and redu
25、ce risk factors for heart disease.Now, a new study suggests that regularly playing sports, especially badminton or tennis, is not only healthy but also reduces your risk of death, at any age, by approximately 50%. This is a big scale population study to explore the health benefits of sports in terms
26、 of death rate. The study evaluated responses from 80, 306 adults aged 30 and above in England and Scotland, who were surveyed about their health, lifestyle and exercise patterns.After adjusting factors such as age, sex, weight, smoking habits, alcohol use, education and other forms of exercise besi
27、des the named sports, the researchers compared the risk of death among people who took part in a sport to those who didnt. The percentage of reduced risk of death was found to be: 47% for racket（球拍）sports, 28% for swimming and 15% for cycling.In addition to this, the study didnt find any significant
28、 reduction in the risk for sports like running and football. The findings also exposed that over 44% of the participants met the guidelines for the recommended exercise levels to stay fit and healthy, which amounts to 150 minutes of moderate(适度的) physical activity in a week.Does this mean you stop r
29、unning or playing football and switch to tennis instead? Every kind of sport and physical activity has different physical, social and mental benefits attached to it. The apparent lack of benefits of running and football could result from several variables that were not taken into account.Being activ
30、e helps you feel happier and live longer. So, the most important step is to take part in any kind of sport that you are likely to enjoy and follow in the long term.8. How is the study conducted?A. By doing comparative experiments.B. By analyzing previous data.C. By evaluating survey information.D. B
31、y tracking participants for a long time.9. What does the underlined part “the named sports” refer to?A. Ball sports.B. Racket sports.C. Individual sports.D. Traditional sports.10. What can we infer from paragraph 5?A. Few people will play football.B. Tennis will become more popular.C. The result of
32、this study is wrong.D. The study needs to be further improved.11. What does the author advise people to do?A. Stick to any sport that you like.B. Play badminton and tennis only.C. Stop running and playing football.D. Do any sport according to guidelines.【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。研究表明，羽
33、毛球和网球这样的球拍类运动最有助于减少死亡率，只要长期坚持喜欢的运动，保持积极心态，都会使你感到幸福。 【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The study evaluated responses from 80,306 adults aged 30 and above in England and Scotland, who were surveyed about their health, lifestyle and exercise patterns.”（这项研究评估了英格兰和苏格兰80306名30岁及以上成年人关于他们的健康，生活方式和运动模式的调查反馈。）由此可知，这个研究是通过
34、评估调查问卷来进行的。故选C。【9题详解】词义猜测题。第二段开头提到打羽毛球和网球对减少死亡率的巨大作用，接下来的介绍用调查研究来证明这个结论。根据“ After adjusting factors such as age, sex, weight, smoking habits, alcohol use, education and other forms of exercise ”可知，研究中评估了参与实验人员的年龄、性别、体重、吸烟习惯、饮酒、受教育程度以及包括指定运动在内的其他运动形式等因素。由此可知指的是段首提到的羽毛球和网球，再根据下文“47% for racket sports,
35、”可知，the named sports指的就是羽毛球和网球。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“The apparent lack of benefits of running and football could result from several variables that were not taken into account.”（跑步和足球明显缺乏益处可能是由于没有考虑到几个变量造成的。）可知，这个研究没有发现跑步和足球明显的好处，可能是由于几个没有考虑到的变量造成的。这说明，这个研究还是有不足之处的地方，研究需要进一步改善。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最
36、后一段中“the most important step is to take part in any kind of sport that you are likely to enjoy and follow in the long term”（最重要的一步是参加任何一种你可能喜欢并长期追随的运动。）可知，作者建议人们喜欢什么运动项目就参与什么项目，只要长期坚持就好。故选A。【点睛】DA new study found that some methods for measuring a species generation time might underestimate (低估) the
37、likelihood that some species will die out.A species generation time is how long it takes for a generation to be replaced by its mature offspring. This is different for every specie and dramatically impacts how quickly a species can respond to changes in their environment. The generation time of a mo
38、use is only a few months, whereas the African elephant has a generation time of 22 years. The longer the generation time, the slower a species can adapt to environmental changes and may, therefore, be more likely to go extinct.In some risk assessment models, population reduction is measured on the s
39、cale of three times a species generation time. If a species is believed to mature and produce offspring in five years, then how much its population has declined will be measured over a 15-year interval. But if a species generation time is underestimated, so is the threat status of the species.We tes
40、ted the influence of errors in different measures of generation time, including those used by the IUCN Red List assessments and found that these errors could potentially lead to an overly optimistic assessment of extinction risk for some species.To overcome this, we compared different types of error
41、s in seven commonly used measures of generation time. We propose a new estimate which predicts a species generation time from its body mass and reproductive lifespan.Still, the lack of data is a thorny problem for making accurate calculations. Were planning to explore how to fill some of these knowl
42、edge gaps by comparing survival and reproduction data from wild and captive populations, using data from nearly 1, 200 zoos and aquarium over 40 years, on more than 21,000 species.12. What can we know from the second paragraph?A. Elephants are less endangered than mice.B. Mice have a longer generati
43、on time than elephants.C. Mice are more adaptable than elephants.D. Elephants are more advanced than mice.13. What is the time range some assessment models use to measure the elephant population.A. 15 years.B. 22 years.C. 44 years.D. 66 years.14. What is the result of underestimating the generation
44、time of some species?A. Overestimating their survival.B. Causing them to die out quickly.C. Ignoring their danger to humans.D. Accelerating their reproduction.15. What will the researchers do next?A. Doing experiments.B. Analyzing more data.C. Counting animals in zoos.D. Popularizing animal knowledg
45、e.【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了人们对濒危幼物的世代间隔估计存在错误，并介绍了如何改进评估办法。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The generation time of a mouse is only a few months, whereas the African elephant has a generation time of 22 years. The longer the generation time, the slower a species can adapt to environmental change
46、s and may, therefore, be more likely to go extinct.”可知，老鼠的发育期只有几个月，而非洲象的发育期是22年。一个物种的世代时间越长，适应环境变化的速度就越慢，也就越有可能走向灭绝。由此可知，老鼠的世代时间比大象少很多，说明世代时间越短，对环境变化的适应能力越强，因此老鼠的适应能力比大象强。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“In some risk assessment models, population reduction is measured on the scale of three times a species
47、generation time.”可知，在一些风险评估模型中，种群数量的减少是一个物种世代时间的三倍。由此可知，有些评估模式在三倍于物种世代时间范围内测量一个种群减少的数量。由此算出，测量大象的时间范围是223=66年。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“these errors could potentially lead to an overly optimistic assessment of extinction risk for some species.”可知，这些错误（低估它们的世代间隔）会导致对这些物种灭绝风险的评估过于乐观，也就是高估了它们的存活能力。故选A。【1
48、5题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Still, the lack of data is a thorny problem for making accurate calculations.(然而，缺乏数据仍然是进行准确计算的棘手问题)”及“Were planning to explore how to fill some of these knowledge gaps by comparing survival and reproduction data from wild and captive populations, using data from nearly 1, 200 z
49、oos and aquarium over 40 years, on more than 21,000 species.(我们正计划探索如何通过比较野生和圈养种群的生存和繁殖数据来填补这些知识空白，这些数据来自近1200家动物园和水族馆40年来对21000多种物种的数据)”可推知，接下来研究人员要做的是比较分析更多的数据。故选B。第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You may think that learning how to draw can be very difficul
50、t, but with several tips, you can do it easily.Start by drawing basic lines and curves(曲线)._16_, start by carefully drawing the pencil over the page in a straight line. Practice holding your hand at different angles to see what gives you the most control over the pencil, along with what feels most c
51、omfortable. Once you feel comfortable drawing a straight line, practice turning your wrist as you draw which should create a curve._17_Draw a simple shape and add an imaginary light source to your page. Use a pencil to lightly shade in the areas farthest from your light source, while leaving the are
52、a closest to the light source unshaded._18_.Make an object seem grounded in reality by adding cast shadows.Picture your light source then draw a shadow on the opposite side of the object from the light._19_. It, though, may be longer or shorter than the object itself, depending on how far away the l
53、ight source is and the angle of the light.Draw a grid(网格) on the paper if you need help with proportions(比例).If youre drawing something from a source image, draw several evenly-spaced vertical and horizontal lines on your paper to make a grid._20_. Look at each individual square on the source image
54、and copy it into the corresponding (对应的) square on our paper. Your finished picture should be proportional to the original!A. Build an object out of different shapesB. If you learn to draw from the very beginningC. Create a sense of depth by shading in a shapeD. Then, draw the same lines on your sou
55、rce imageE. The shadow should be the same shape as the objectF. Once you grasp the basic skills of drawing a proper shapeG. Keep building up the shading until it looks as if it was real【答案】16. B 17. C 18. G 19. E 20. D【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了几个初学绘画的技巧。【16题详解】根据文章结构，本段主题是“Start by drawing basic lines and curve
56、s(曲线).（从绘制基本直线和曲线开始）”。根据下文“ start by carefully drawing the pencil over the page in a straight line（先用铅笔认真的在纸上画一条直线。） ”可知，选项B“If you learn to draw from the very beginning（如果你刚开始学画画）”中的关键词“from the very beginning”与下文中的“start by carefully drawing”呼应，且符合本段主题。故选B项。17题详解】根据文章结构，本题考查段落主题句。根据本段句子“Draw a sim
57、ple shape and add an imaginary light source to your page. Use a pencil to lightly shade in the areas farthest from your light source, while leaving the area closest to the light source unshaded.（在一个简单形状的某一侧加上想象中的光源，也就是画出影子来，使其看起来有深度。 ）”，再结合本段内容可知，本段主要介绍怎么创建深度感。C选项“Create a sense of depth by shading
58、in a shape（通过在形状中着色来创建深度感）”符合题意。故选C项。【18题详解】由上文“Use a pencil to lightly shade in the areas farthest from your light source, while leaving the area closest to the light source unshaded.（用铅笔在离光源最远的区域轻轻地着色，同时使离光源最近的区域不着色。）”可知，句中“shade in the areas farthest from your light source.”与选项G“Keep building up
59、the shading until it looks as if it was real（继续建立阴影直到看起来像是真的）”中的关键信息“Keep building up the shading”呼应，都是说建立阴影层次。故选G项。【19题详解】根据文章结构，本段主题是“Make an object seem grounded in reality by adding cast shadows.（通过添加投射阴影，使对象看起来像是在现实中扎根。）”。根据上文 “Picture your light source, then draw a shadow on the opposite side
60、of the object from the light.（画出你的光源，然后在物体的另一边从光线中画一个阴影。）”和下文“It, though, may be longer or shorter than the object itself, depending on how far away the light source is and the angle of the light.（不过，它可能比物体本身长或短，这取决于光源的距离和光线的角度。）”可知，均是谈论物体与阴影的关系。E选项 “The shadow should be the same shape as the object
61、.（阴影应该与物体的形状相同）”能承上启下，且符合本段主题。故选E项。【20题详解】根据文章结构，本段主题是“Draw a grid(网格) on the paper if you need help with proportions(比例).（如果你需要比例方面的帮助，在纸上画一个网格。）”。根据上文“If youre drawing something from a source image, draw several evenly-spaced vertical and horizontal lines on your paper to make a grid.（如果要从源图像中绘制内容
62、，请在纸上画几条等距的垂直和水平线以形成网格。）”可知，D选项“Then, draw the same lines on your source image（然后，在源图像上绘制相同的线条）”中的“the same lines ”与上文中“draw several evenly-spaced vertical and horizontal lines”语义衔接，符合语境。故选D项。第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分)第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I grew up very
63、 poor and with a single mom. Often there was no money for_21_, and I was hungry a lot. On my fifth birthday, some close family members were_22_to go to a park to celebrate my birthday. No birthday cake, No present. Except for my auntie, who had a(n)_23_in her hand.Before everyone sang happy birthday
64、, I saw a little boy and a woman, _24_in the park dustbin for food. Something occurred to me. I _25_ my mom to invite them to my party. But my mother was not a fan of _26_, so she said no. I watched them as everyone sang. I watched them when my _27_handed me the envelope. I watched them as I opened
65、it until I saw the _28_, a brand-new 100-dollar bill.We were _29_and I had a very hard childhood. But I had never dug in a _30_for food. I had never _31_anyone else struggle. My auntie kept talking over my mother, _32_ me that I can do ANYTHING I want with that _33_. So I did. I walked to the boy an
66、d his mother. I _34_to the boy that it was my birthday and my only one present was a100, and Iwanted to give it to them. There were so many tears and thank you.I _35_that boy and his mother often.21. A. foodB. presentsC. clothesD. travel22. A. believedB. InvitedC. shockedD. forced23. A. flowerB. env
67、elopeC. bagD. note24. A. workingB. cleaningC. diggingD. diving25. A. allowedB. persuadedC. forbadeD. begged26. A. starsB. strangersC. cakeD. movies27. A. friendB. neighborC. auntieD. mom28. A. letterB. paperC. noticeD. content29. A. hopelessB. helplessC. poorD. kind-hearted30. A. parkB. dustbinC. re
68、staurantD. box31. A. feltB. knownC. madeD. seen32. A. tellingB. warningC. urgingD. treating33. A. moneyB. boyC. donationD. help34. A. declaredB. explainedC. admittedD. introduced35. A. think ofB. help outC. care forD. call on【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A
69、 33. A 34. B 35. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者小时候家里很穷，姑姑给了他100美元作为生日礼物，但他却把这钱送给了在垃圾箱捡食物吃的另一家人。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经常没有钱买食物，我经常挨饿。A. food食物；B. presents礼物；C. clothes衣服；D. travel旅游。根据下文“I was hungry a lot”可知，作者经常挨饿，所以应该是缺乏食物。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我五岁生日的时候，一些亲密的家庭成员被邀请去公园庆祝我的生日。A. believed相信；B. invited邀请；C. shocked使
70、震动；D. forced迫使。根据上文“On my fifth birthday, some close family members were”再结合常识可知过生日时，邀请（invite）亲朋好友来聚会。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了我阿姨，她手里拿着一个信封。A. flower花；B. envelope信封；C. bag包；D. note笔记。由下文“handed me the envelope”可知，当时阿姨手里拿着的是一个信封。故选B。24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大家唱生日快乐之前，我看到一个小男孩和一个女人，在公园的垃圾箱里翻找食物。A. working
71、工作；B. cleaning清理；C. digging挖掘；D. diving潜水。由下文“But I had never dug in”可知，当时作者看到一个小孩和他的母亲在公园的垃圾箱里翻找食物。dig“挖；掘”此处指在垃圾箱里翻找。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我求我妈妈邀请他们来参加我的聚会。A. allowed允许；B. persuaded说服；C. forbade禁止；D. begged恳求。根据下文“so she said no.”可知，作者恳求了妈妈让他们参加自己的派对，妈妈没答应。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我妈妈不喜欢陌生人，所以她拒绝了
72、。A. stars明星；B. strangers陌生人；C. cake蛋糕；D. movies电影。此处解释妈妈没有答应的理由，是因为妈妈不喜欢与陌生人交往，not a fan of strangers“不喜欢陌生人”。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的阿姨递给我信封时，我看着他们。A. friend朋友；B. neighbor邻居；C. auntie阿姨；D. mom妈妈。根据上文“Except for my auntie”可知，给作者信封的是阿姨。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一边看一边打开，直到看到里面的内容，一张崭新的100美元钞票。A. lette
73、r信；B. paper纸；C. notice通知；D. content内容。根据下文“a brand-new 100-dollar bill”可知，信封里装的是一张崭新的百元钞票，所以，此处指作者打开信封时看到的是里边的内容（content）。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们家很穷，我的童年很艰难。A. hopeless绝望的；B. helpless无助的；C. poor贫穷的；D. kind-hearted好心的。根据上文“I grew up very poor and with a single mom.”可知，作者小时候很穷，此处复指这种情况。故选C。【30题详解】考
74、查名词词义辨析。句意：但我从来没有在垃圾桶里翻找过食物。A. park公园；B. dustbin垃圾箱；C. restaurant餐厅；D. box盒子。根据上文“in the park dustbin for food”可知，此处指虽然穷，但也没有像那对母子那样在垃圾箱翻找食物。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从未见过其他人为生活如此的挣扎。A. felt感觉；B. known知道；C. made制作；D. seen看见。此处复指上文作者看到的一幕，强调从来没看到过（seen）人们为生活如此的挣扎。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我阿姨一直在说服我妈妈，告诉我，
75、我可以用这些钱做任何我想做的事情。A. telling告诉；B. warning警告；C. urging催促；D. treating治疗。根据下文内容，作者把钱给了那对母子，应该是得到了大人们的许可。由此可推测姑姑允许（告诉）作者可以用这笔钱做任何事。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我阿姨一直在说服我妈妈，告诉我，我可以用这些钱做任何我想做的事情。A. money钱；B. boy男孩；C. donation捐赠；D. help帮助。由空格前的that可知，此处指上文提到的某个事物，根据故事内容，此处应指上文提到的“a brand-new 100-dollar bill”也就是th
76、at money。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我向男孩解释说那天是我的生日，我唯一的礼物是100美元，我想把它送给他们。A. declared宣称；B. explained解释；C. admitted承认；D. introduced介绍。根据下文内容“that it was my birthday and my only one present was a $100, and I wanted to give it to them”可知，这是作者说明赠送钱的情况和原因，属于解释的内容。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我经常想起那个男孩和他的母亲。A. think
77、 of想起；B. help out帮助；C. care for关心；D. call on号召。根据语境及常识，事情过去过后，作者经常想起（think of）那对母子。故选A。第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On the first day of Winter Solstice (冬至), the Northern Hemisphere experiences the shortest day and he longest night of the year. From then on, the
78、days become longer and the nights become _36_(short). The Winter Solstice also marks the _37_(arrive) of the coldest season in the year.As early as the Zhou Dynasty, people worshipped the gods on the first day of the Winter Solstice, _38_was also the first day of the new year. The Winter Solstice be
79、came a winter festival during the Han Dynasty. The celebratory activities were _39_(official) organized. On this day, both officials and ordinary people would have _40_rest.During Winter Solstice in North China, eating _41_(dumpling) is essential to the festival. People in the south are accustomed t
80、o _42_(eat) wontons in midwinter. According to legend, the King of Wu was disgusted with all kinds of costly foods and _43_(want) to eat something different. Then, the beauty Xishi came into the kitchen to make “wontons” to honor the kings wish. He ate a lot _44_liked the food very much. To honour X
81、ishi, the people of Suzhou made wontons the official food _45_(celebrate) the festival.【答案】36. shorter 37. arrival 38. which 39. officially 40. a 41. dumplings 42. eating 43. wanted 44. and 45. to celebrate【解析】本文为说明文。介绍了中国传统节气冬至。【36题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：从那时起，白天变长，夜晚变短。根据上文the days become longer可知，此处指晚上变得更
82、短。故填shorter。【37题详解】考查词性转换。句意：冬至也标志着一年中最冷的季节的到来。根据空格前面的定冠词the可知，此处要用名词形式。故填arrival。【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：早在周朝，人们在冬至的第一天，也就是新年的第一天祭神。此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词代替the Winter Solstice，在从句中作主语。故填which。【39题详解】考查词性转换。句意：庆祝活动正式组织起来了。空格位于were organized之间，应该用副词修饰动词organized，意为这些庆祝活动正式组织起来。故填officially。【40题详解】考查冠词。句意：在这一天，无论是官
83、员还是普通百姓都可以休息一下。have a rest休息一下，为固定搭配。故填a。【41题详解】考查名词复数。句意：在中国北方的冬至，吃饺子是节日必不可少的。dumpling是可数名词。此处用复数泛指饺子。故填dumplings。【42题详解】考查动名词。句意：南方人习惯在仲冬吃馄饨。be accustomed to（习惯于）中的to为介词，后面要跟名词，动名词等。故填eating。【43题详解】考查动词时态。句意：相传武王厌恶各种名贵食品，想吃些与众不同的东西。由空格前的and可知，此处动词与前面的was disgusted with为并列谓语，所以都用一般过去式。故填wanted。【44题
84、详解】考查并列连词。句意：他吃了很多，非常喜欢这食物。根据空格两边的内容可知，此处应该为并列关系。意为：他吃了很多（馄饨）并且非常喜欢这种食物。故填and。【45题详解】考查不定式。句意：为了纪念西施，苏州人把馄饨作为庆祝节日的官方食品。根据句子结构，此处要用不定式表示目的。故填to celebrate。第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 40 分)第一节(满分 15 分) 46. 假定你是李华。你班定于本周六去郊区河边植树。请你给交换生Alan写一封邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：1. 时间、地点；2. 必要装备。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】Dear Ala
85、n,This Saturday, our class has scheduled to plant trees on the river banks in the suburbs. Im writing to invite you to take part in this meaningful activity.We will gather at the school gate at seven and then take a bus there. All we need to do is wearing sports shoes and loose trousers. Please brin
86、g a towel as we are certainly going to sweat a lot.Please dont be late and we will set off on time.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假定你是李华。你班定于本周六去郊区河边植树。请你给交换生Alan写一封邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：1. 时间、地点；2. 必要装备。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：plant trees (植树)；suburb(郊外)；invite sb. to do sth.(邀请某人做某事)；ta
87、ke part in(参加)；meaningful(有意义的)；the school gate(学校门口)；take a bus(坐公交)；sports shoe(运动鞋)；loose trousers(宽松的裤子)；set off(出发)等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般将来时和一般现在时。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Please bring a towel a
88、s we are certainly going to sweat a lot.运用原因状语从句；Please dont be late and we will set off on time.运用“祈使句+and+简单句”结构。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第二节(满分 25 分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。An old saying goes, “Curiosity killed the cat, but satisfaction brought h
89、im back. “But I dont think curiosity is limited to a cat. And who would ever imagine that, in my lifetime. I would have two dogs who wanted to know, “Whats in the bag?Every year, my parents went on vacation to Longview, Washington, where my mothers uncle lived.Their purpose was to go fishing, but on
90、e time. they returned with another animal -a live one.My father had fallen in love with a Cocker Spaniel puppy that we named Tammy.This was our first dog, and Tammy and I became great friends. She also spent a lot of time with my mother, who would take her along when she went shopping.One day, my mo
91、ther returned to the car after grocery shopping. She put her grocery bags in the back seat of the car and entered another store, leaving the dog in the car. Finally, when they arrived home, Mom opened the back door of the car, and found all the bags torn to pieces.Mom came into the house, shouting.
92、“Your stupid dog tore all the grocery bags,” she told Dad. “Im sure he ruined all the meat packages.”I helped Mom bring her purchases into the house a few pieces at a time. With each trip out to the car, Mom scolded Tammy, who hung her head in shame. However, as we brought the things into the house,
93、 we noticed there wasnt even a tooth mark on a single item. Even the meat was untouched.Tammy was not allowed to go shopping with Mom for a long time after that. After another break, Mom decided to give Tammy one more chance. But this time Mom handled it differently. Yet nothing was damaged.When she
94、 returned to the car, Mom took each item out of the bag and showed it to Tammy.Then she put everything back in the bags and went to another store.注意 1 . 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2 . 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: When Mom returned to the car, everything was just as she had left it._Paragraph 2:I was wrong wh
95、en I thought Tammy was the only dog to have such a strange curiosity._【答案】One possible version:Paragraph 1: When Mom returned to the car, everything was just as she had left it. The bags were still sitting on the car seat. None had the slightest tear. So, this became the rule with everyone in the fa
96、mily. If Tammy was along, we would always show her what we had bought by letting it know whats in the bag. Once she had seen what we received, she was satisfied and went about her business. We never again had to clean up torn bags.Paragraph 2: I was wrong when I thought Tammy was the only dog to hav
97、e such a strange curiosity. About ten years ago, my wife and I got another new dog. We call it Smoky. We do quite a bit of shopping on the Internet, so we often have boxes delivered to our door. Whenever one arrives and we bring it inside. Smoky waits with excitement for us to open it. Her interest
98、is not limited to the boxes delivered. She also wants to know whats in our grocery bags, too.【解析】【分析】本文以引用俗语“好奇心杀死猫,但是只要好奇心被满足就没事”为线索，讲述了在我生活中出现的有着好奇心的狗的故事。小时候，爸爸度假回来带回一只叫Tammy的小狗，每次妈妈购物都会带着它。在一次购物时，妈妈把它和买的东西放在后座，之后去了另一家店，返回后妈妈发现Tammy把所有的包已经弄碎了。回家后，我帮妈妈分多次把车里的东西往家里拿，每次出去妈妈都呵斥Tammy。然而，在我们把所有东西搬进屋子后发现
99、，Tammy 这次一个东西都没动。之后，妈妈买了东西都会给Tammy看，然后她才去商店买东西。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“当妈妈回到车上时，一切都还是她离开时的样子。”可知，第一段可描写我们把给Tammy看买的东西作为一个规则，这样它就不好奇袋子里的东西。我们也就再也不用清扫碎袋子了。由第二段首句内容“我错了，我以为 Tammy 是唯一一只，有这种奇怪好奇心的狗。”可知，第二段可描写作者生活中遇见的另外的有着同样好奇习惯的狗。2.续写线索：返回车内-东西保持原样-制定规则-免除打扫-认识错误-同样好奇心的狗3.词汇激活行为类：返回：be back ；保持原样：remain the same；制定规则：make it a rule ；免除打扫：free from cleaning；同样好奇心：same curiosity【点睛】高分句型1If Tammy was along, we would always show her what we had bought by letting it know whats in the bag.使用条件状语从句和宾语从句。高分句型2Once she had seen what we received, she was satisfied and went about her business.使用时间状语从句。
