1、语法专项(七)数词与主谓一致考点一数词基本用法数词It is reported that the floods have left about two thousand people homeless.据报道洪灾使大约两千人无家可归。She went to the bookstore and bought dozens of books.她去书店买了许多书。考题印证More than five _(hundred) doctors and rescuers had got to Yushu County by that time.解析：考查数词。hundred，thousand，million
2、等数词前用数词来修饰时，用单数，且修饰名词时后不跟介词of。答案：hundred2“数词普通名词形容词”构成的合成形容词中，数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。a threeyearold boy一个三岁的男孩a twomilelong walk一段两公里的路程3基数词中表示“几十”的复数形式可以表达人的岁数或年代。He is in his late twenties.他快30了。The old lady died in her early seventies beside a church in New York.那位老太太70来岁时就死在了纽约的一个教堂附近。考题印证Hawking became
3、 worldfamous in his_ (thirty) in _1970s.解析：考查数词的用法。in ones thirties意为“在某人三十多岁”时，in/during the 1970s意为“在20世纪70年代”。答案：thirties；the考点二主谓一致1就近一致原则。(1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only. but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomor
4、row.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。Are neither you nor I fit for the work?你和我都不适合这份工作吗？注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。Henry, rather than Jane and John, is responsible for the loss.损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。(2)由
5、there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.文具盒内有一枝铅笔和两支钢笔。考题印证(2013福建改编)The famous musician, as well as his students, _(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.解析：本题考查主谓一致用法。题中主语为The famous musician为单数，而且动作发生时间为2012年，应该使用一般过
6、去时态。答案：was invited2意义一致原则。(1)谓语动词用单数的情况由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。非谓语动词、名词性
7、从句作主语。Persuading him to join us seems really hard.劝他加入我们看起来确实难。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好的习惯。Whatever was left was taken away.无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。注意：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。What they need are books.他们需要的是书。(2)谓语动词用复数的情况由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。B
8、oth bread and butter are sold out.面包和黄油都卖完了。people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。People read for pleasure during their spare time.人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。3谓语动词单、复数视情况而定(1)集体名词class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主语，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。The populatio
9、n in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。(2)单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定，这类词有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。Every means has been tried to solve the problem, but none is effective.每种方法都试过，但没有一个有效。There are various means of communicating with a stra
10、nger.同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。(3)“kind，sort，pair，type名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。The kind of paper is made of straw.这种纸是由稻草制成的。Some kinds of animals are dying out.一些种类的动物要灭绝了。(4)all，none，some，any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。All is going on very well.一切顺利。All are present besides the professor.包括教授在内大家都在。考题印证(2010四川改编)Such poe
11、ts as Shakespeare_ (be)widely read，of whose works，however，some_ (be) difficult to understand.解析：考查主谓一致。第一空格poets为主语，第二空格some(works)为主语，谓语动词都应该用复数。答案：are；are(5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数of名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。A lot of students are coming to the meeting.有很多学生要来开
12、会。A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.准备这次会议需要做大量的工作。强 化 训 练1.(2013江苏改编)Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _(be) essential to their development.答案：is考查时态与主谓一致。句意：一般说来，学生的内在动机以及来自其他人的期盼对学生的发展是必要的。由句意可知是叙述现在的状态，用一般现在时。又句子主语是students inner moti
13、vation，是单数，所以用is。2(2013湖南改编)The university estimates that living expenses for international students _(be) around $ 8,450 a year, which _(be) a burden for some of them.答案：are；is考查主谓一致。句意：大学估计，国际学生的生活费用是每年8,450美元左右。这对于一部分学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语为living expenses，是复数形式，所以用are；第二空前which引导定语从句，指代living expenses
14、for international students are around $8,450 a year这一件事，所以谓语用单数。3As is known to us all, English books of this kind _(sell) well in middle schools.答案：sell考查主谓一致与动词语态。句意为：众所周知，这类英语书在中学很畅销。根据句意可知，本句话强调的是事物的属性(well)而不是“sell”的动作。英语中，常用主动形式来描述事物属性和特征；同时“English books of this kind”中的主语是English books，故谓语动词用
15、复数形式。相反地，this kind of English books作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。4Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of books _(donate) to the rural schools.答案：was donated考查时态与主谓一致。句意为；一些现代化的教学设备和数百本书籍被捐给了农村学校。as well as是介词短语，它连接两个名词或代词作主语时，句子的谓语形式与as well as前名词或代词的人称和数保持一致；equipment是表示集合的不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词应用单数且donate
16、与句子主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；同时因为题干中没有另一个过去动作与“donate”对比，一般过去时的被动语态。5Between each period of the morning classes _(be) an interval, when the students can have a short break.答案：is考查主谓一致和动词时态。由语境可知，上午每节课之间都有课间，学生可以在这段时间内稍事休息。根据后半句中的can可知，句子用一般现在时；此句中谓语动词与主语an interval保持一致。6The guest of honor, along with his wif
17、e and two sons, _(seat) in the first row, watching the performance.答案：was seated考查主谓一致。句子主语是“The guest of honor”，其后是主语附加语。seat是及物动词，应该用be seated。7The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, _ (be) those best suited for expressing joy.答案：are考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语为forms of art，是复数形式，所以动词也应用复数形式
18、；再根据句意可知，应用those指代上文内容。8Monica, as well as her friends, _(read) this book before.答案：has read考查主谓一致。as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应与as well as之前的主语保持一致。9What bad manners it _(be) for the boys to blow their noses at table!答案：is考查主谓一致和感叹句。句中bad manners意为“坏习惯”，后面谓语动词应该用单数形式。10_(wait) on both sides of the stre
19、et _(be) excited fans who wanted to see the singing stars.答案：Waiting; were考查倒装句和主谓一致。句意为：在街道两侧等待是那些希望看到歌星的兴奋的粉丝们。句子还原为：Excited fans who wanted to see the singing stars were waiting on both sides of the street。11The woman there _(have) a piano in her room.答案：has考查主谓一致。该句中there作the woman的后置定语，修饰the wo
20、man，故该句主语为单数可数名词the woman，与其对应，谓语动词应用has。12When and where to go for the onsalary holiday still _(remain) to be decided.答案：remains考查主谓一致。when and where作主语时，常被看作一整体，谓语动词用单数。13The most impressive sight in China, one of the wonders of the world, _(be) the Great Wall.答案：is考查主谓一致。本句的主语是sight，其前后都是修饰成分，one
21、 of the wonders of the world是插入语，所以谓语动词用is.14Eric, as well as his friends, _(be) a gaginst the tour plan.So am I. The final examination is coming.答案：is考查主谓一致。在“A as well as B”结构中主语为is。Eric为单数。15Mr. Black, as well as his wife and children, _(be) invited to the dinner party last night.答案：was考查主谓一致和时态。
22、当“as well as”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应与前面主语Mr. Black保持一致；根据句中表示过去的时间状语“last night”可知，应用过去时。16China, together with some other ASEAN (东盟) countries, _(be) against the over politicizing of the differences over the South China Sea.答案：is考查主谓一致。本句话的主语是“China”，“some other ASEAN(东盟) countries”是介词with的宾语，而非主语，故谓语动词用单数
23、。一般而言，主语部分是“名词/代词介词名词/代词”时，句子谓语由介词前面的名词的数和格决定。17To many basketball fans, nobody but Kobe Bryant and LeBron James _(be) the best in NBA although Kevin Durant, together with Jeremy Lin and many other players, _(be) also performing very well.答案：is；is考查主谓一致。主语是单数名词或代词时，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，bu
24、t，like，as well as等短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。故此处第一空谓语动词的单复数应该取决于nobody，用is；第二空谓语动词的单复数取决于Kevin Durant，用is。18My sister, as well as her classmates who _(be) late for class, _(be) criticized by Mr. Smith.答案：were；was句意：我姐姐和她那些迟到的同学都受到了史密斯先生的批评。who此处引导定语从句，其先行词是her classmates，故其后的谓语动词用复数。as well as连接两个成分作主语时谓语应与as we
25、ll as前面的成分保持一致，故第二个空应和主语My sister保持一致，谓语动词用单数。19Mother said that Mike could eat two of ten oranges and that the rest _(be) left for Tom and Betty.答案：were考查主谓一致。the rest此处指代oranges，故应用复数；再由句意可知，此处用谓语动词。20The woman, together with her husband and two children, all looking anxious, _(ask) the guard to let them through then.答案：was asking考查主谓一致和语态。together with连接两个名词作主语，单复数由前一个名词确定，所以用单数；再由句意可知，应用主动语态。
