1、2015高考英语译林江苏一轮教材全解：B9 U3.重点单词梳理1random /rndm/ n& adj.随机，随意(的)2fundamental /fndmentl/ adj.根本的，十分重大的；基础的3abolish /blI/ vt.废除，废止(法律、制度、习俗等)4rate /reIt/ n比率；速度；vt.& vi.评估；划分等级5compromise /kmprmaIz/ vi.& n妥协，让步6submit /sbmIt/ vi.& vt.顺从；投降；提交7substitute /sbstItjut/ vt.&vi.替换，替代；n.替代者，替代品8bound /band/ adj
2、.一定会；受约束(而必须做某事)9unconditional /nkndInl/ adj.无条件的；无限制的10arbitrary /bItrrI/ adj.任意的，随意的；专制的，专横的11warmth /wm/ n温暖；热情12liberation /lIbreIn/ n解放liberate vt.解放13symbolize /sImblaIz/ vt.象征，代表symbol n象征，代表14justice /dstIs/ n正义，公正；司法制度just adj.(人、判断)公平的，公正的15honesty /nstI/ n诚实，老实honest adj.诚实的dishonest adj.
3、不诚实的，骗人的16object /bdekt/ vi.反对，不赞成objection n反对，异议17separation /sepreIn/ n分离；隔离separate adj.单独的；分开的；v.(使)分开，(使)分离18spiritual /spIrItul/ adj.精神的，心灵的spirit n精神19purity /pjrtI/ n纯洁，纯净，纯粹pure adj.纯的，纯净的，纯粹的purify vt.使净化20similarity /sImlrtI/ n相似点，相像处；相似性similar adj.相似的21ambitious /mbIs/ adj.有抱负的；野心勃勃的am
4、bition n雄心，抱负；野心22identification /aIdentIfIkeIn/ n辨认，识别identify vt.确认；识别；鉴别23consistent /knsIstnt/ adj.一致的；始终如一的；连续的consist vi.组成，构成；在于；一致.重点短语梳理1at_random随机，随意2suffer_from遭受；患病3object_to反对，不赞成4submit_to甘受，屈服，顺从5date_back_to追溯到，始于6get_ones_way随心所欲7split_off_from脱离，分离8substitute_A_for_B用A替换B9be_bound
5、_to_do一定会，肯定会；有做的义务10get_married结婚.经典原句默写与背诵1Strengthened_by_the_Revolution(由大革命得到壮大)，France became a different country.2Even then，it_would_be_some_time_before(得过一段时间才) I was in the black.3Unbelievable_as_it_seems(尽管这似乎有些令人难以置信)，we have completed the project all by ourselves.4Therefore，the_next_time
6、_you_choose_your_clothes(下一次你选服装时)，you should think more carefully about what colours to wear.语境填词1Dont be afraid to be ambitious(ambition) when you set these goals!2The police say there are some similarities(similar) between the two attacks.3In this picture the tree symbolizes(symbol) life while th
7、e snake stands for the evil.4Everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality(equal) is the basic demand.5The results are entirely consistent(consist) with our earlier research.6We substituted(替换) red balls for blue ones to see if the baby would notice.7Even though she has failed many times，she
8、 will not submit(屈服) to failure.8In order to settle the dispute，they found it wiser to compromise(妥协) with each other.选词填空1The church dating_back_to the 13th century needs repairing.2The lucky fans will be picked out at_random rather than chosen beforehand to perform with the singer during the conce
9、rt.3You shouldnt let the children always get_their_way.4You have made outstanding contributions to the companyIm sure you are_bound_to get promoted this year.5The reason why I object_to working with Mr.Black in the same office is that he is a heavy smoker.1object to sb./sth.反对，不赞成object to (sb.) doi
10、ng.反对(某人)做raise an objection to sth.对提出异议have/make an objection to/against (doing) sth.对表示反对We objected strongly but were outvoted.我们表示强烈反对，但还是被否决了。夯实基础用所给词的适当形式填空(1)Unless our manager objects to Toms joining(join) the club，we shall accept him as a member.(2)Despite objections(object) by the White H
11、ouse，the Senate voted today to cut off aid.2make a compromise with与妥协compromise with sb.on.与某人就妥协by compromise通过妥协reach a compromise达成妥协Be ready and willing to make compromises between your needs and those of your partner.时刻准备好并乐意在自己与伴侣的需求之间作出让步。After much argument，the judges finally compromised on
12、the 18yearold pianist.经过激烈争论，评委终于同意那个18岁的钢琴手获奖。夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)The dispute was settled by compromise.(2)The government has compromised with its critics over the policies.3submit to服从于；屈从于submit oneself to甘受；服从submit.to.向提交In desperation，Mrs.Jones submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve
13、 the pain.绝望之际，琼斯夫人只好同意在其右膝上做手术以减轻疼痛。Head teachers yesterday submitted a claim for a 9 percent pay rise.校长们昨天提交了一份要求加薪 9%的声明。夯实基础完成句子(1)If I submitted_to(服从) their demands，they would give whatever I want.(2)They submitted_their_reports_to(向提交了他们的报告) the headmaster yesterday.4a substitute for.的代替者sub
14、stitute A for Bsubstitute B with/by A 用A代替Bsubstitute for代替；取代They were substituting violence for dialogue.他们在用暴力取代对话。She is seeking a substitute for the very man whose departure made her cry.那个男人的离去令她伤心痛哭，她正想找一个人填补内心的空缺。词义辨析substitute，replace(1)这两个词的含义略有不同，substitute强调“代替，顶替”，而replace强调“替换，更换”，即把旧的
15、或坏的东西更换成新的(通常用take the place of更通俗些)。(2)在句型结构上，通常是：substitute A for B“用A代替B”(使用A)；replace A with/by B“用B替换A”(使用B)。夯实基础用substitute，replace的适当形式填空(1)The driver replaced the wornout tires with/by new ones.(2)He substituted_for the teacher who was in hospital.5be bound to一定或注定做；有责任或义务做be bound up in sth
16、.忙于某事；热衷于某事be bound up with和密切相关Ill be bound！我敢肯定！China is bound to consume enormous amounts of raw materials as it develops.中国在其发展过程中一定会消耗数量巨大的原料。We are bound to obey the law.我们有义务遵守法律。夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)His career is bound up with the fortunes of the enterprise.(2)He is bound up in his research work.6
17、 Therefore，the next time you choose your clothes，you should think more carefully about what colours to wear.因此，下一次选服装时，你应仔细考虑穿什么颜色。the next time作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：,the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/every/any/last time，immediately，instantly，directly
18、等。He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returned home.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。Every time I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading papers.每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。夯实基础同义句改写I fell in love with you the moment I saw you.(1)I_fell_in_love_with_you_as_soon_as_I_saw_you.(用as soon as改写句子)(2)
19、I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.(用以ly结尾的连词改写句子).单项填空1Worried about the noise，many local people_ the building of the new airport near their neighborhood.Aadapt to Bstick toCappeal to Dobject to答案D解析句意为：由于担心噪音，许多当地人反对在小区附近建飞机场。object to反对。2We had so many disagreements，
20、but we compromised_ the last point.Aat BofCon Dfor答案C解析compromise on就妥协。3You must_ your graduation paper to your guide by Friday.Asubmit BconsistCadmit Daddict答案A解析句意为：周五前你必须把毕业报告交给你的导师。submit.to.向提交。4Its very wise of you to_ welltrained workers_ untrained ones in the assembly line.Asubstitute；for B
21、substitute；withCreplace；by Dreplace；with答案A解析根据句意“用经过训练的工人取代没受过训练的工人”，可说成substitute welltrained workers for untrained workers或replace untrained workers with welltrained workers。5I support your decision，but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be_ to carry it out.Aconnected BfastenedCbo
22、und Dstuck答案C解析but前后表转折关系，后面应为“但我不一定执行它”，故选C项。6_ you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.AAt times BSome timeCEvery time DThe time答案C解析分析句子结构可知，空后为一从句，需要一连词，只有C项符合要求。.汉译英我非常反对收停车费。(object to)I_really_object_to_being_charged_for_parking.单项填空1He is _ one of the greatest p
23、olitical leaders in the world today.Which of the following is WRONG?Aconsidered Bconsidered asCconsidered to be Dthought as答案D解析A项为consider sb.n.的被动结构；B项为consider sb.as.的被动结构；C项为consider sb.to be.的被动结构；D项应为thought of as (think of.as的被动形式)。所以答案选D项。2_ conclusion，Id like to say thanks to all of you pre
24、sent.AIn BWithCFor DTo答案A解析in conclusion总之。句意为：总之，我要感谢所有在场的人。3Thousands of Haitians cheered as the Chinese medical team arrived，many of _ even cried with joy.Athose BthemCwhom Dwho答案C解析whom引导定语从句指代先行词thousands of Haitians。4Is it _ the bad habit that is difficult?Of course.Aget rid of Bgot rid ofCto
25、get rid of Dbeing got rid of答案C解析本句是强调句型，被强调部分是“to get rid of the bad habit”。假如把问句还原成“It is difficult to get rid of the bad habit.”就会一目了然。5You must write down all the information _ the problem.Ais related to Brelate toCrelated to Drelated答案C解析此处所填内容应作information的定语， related to作定语，相当于定语从句that is rela
26、ted to.。6The careless driver is_ for the traffic accident that _ yesterday. Ato blame；happenedBto blame；was happenedCto be blamed；was happenedDto be blamed；happened答案A解析be to blame应受责备，主动形式表示被动意义；happen是不及物动词，无被动语态。7We have to _ ourselves _ discipline.Asubmit；in Bsubmit；toCgive；to Dgive；up答案B8Ms.Cla
27、ire is a strict but kind teacher，_ I respect and appreciate most.Athat BwhatCone Dwhich答案C解析one作a strict but kind teacher的同位语，I respect and appreciate most作one的定语，其前省略了关系词。9_ I met him，he was working as a secretary in a big company.AFor the first timeBThe first timeCThe first time whenDWhen the firs
28、t time答案B解析句意为：我第一次遇见他的时候，他在一家大公司当秘书。the first time是一个名词性短语作连词，引导时间状语从句。10Youve done so much work.You_pass the exam.Aare unlikely to Bare addicted toCare accustomed to Dare bound to答案D解析句意为：你下了这么大工夫，一定能通过考试。be bound to do sth.一定能/会做某事。.阅读理解Imagine a water bottle filled a quarter of the way up with o
29、il.Thats about how much oil was needed to produce the bottle.So why dont more people drink water straight from the kitchen tap(水龙头)？Some people drink bottled water because they think it is better for them than water out of the tap，but thats not true.In the United States，local governments make sure w
30、ater from the tap is safe.There is also growing concern that chemicals in the bottles themselves may enter the water.People love the convenience of bottled water.But maybe if they realized the problems it causes，they would try drinking from a glass at home or carrying water in a steel container inst
31、ead of plastic.Plastic bottle recycling can helpinstead of going out with the trash，plastic bottles can be turned into items like carpeting or cozy clothing.Unfortunately，for every six water bottles we use，only one makes it to the recycling bin.The rest are sent to landfills.Or，even worse，they end u
32、p as trash on the land and in rivers，lakes and the ocean.Plastic bottles take many hundreds of years to disintegrate.Water is good for you so keep drinking it.But think about how often you use water bottles，and see if you can make a change.Betty McLaughlin，who runs an organization called the Contain
33、er Recycling Institute，says，“If you take one to school in your lunch，dont throw it awaybring it home and refill it from the tap for the next day.Keep track of how many times you refill a bottle before you recycle it.”And yes，you can make a difference.Remember this：Recycling one plastic bottle can sa
34、ve enough energy to power a 60watt light bulb for six hours.1The passage is written with the purpose of _.Acalling on people to recycle water bottlesBshowing the way bottles are producedCwarning people of the danger of bottled waterDpersuading people to save as much oil as possible答案A解析写作意图题。通读全文，特别
35、是首尾两段可知，本文作者意在鼓励人们回收再利用瓶装水的塑料瓶。2The underlined word “disintegrate” in Paragraph 4 means “_”Abreak into piecesBcome into beingCgo around the worldDflow into the ocean答案A解析词义猜测题。结合语境可知，disintegrate意为“分解”。塑料瓶要经过好几百年才能够自然分解。3We can learn from Paragraph 2 that _.Awater from the tap in America is not safe
36、Bmost Americans prefer to drink bottled waterCsome people have wrong ideas about bottled waterDAmerican government takes control of the drinking water答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，有些人错误地认为瓶装水比自来水更有益健康。4With her words in Paragraph 6，Betty McLaughlin tries to _.Aencourage people to use fewer bottlesBstop peop
37、le from taking lunch to schoolCask people to keep schools free from trashDadvise people to form the habit of drinking tap water答案D解析推理判断题。根据第六段的内容可知，Betty McLaughlin建议人们用瓶装水的塑料瓶装自来水喝，即建议人们养成喝自来水的习惯。.任务型阅读Families in many African countries have been suffering from lifethreatening diseases spread by d
38、irty drinking water.Women and children spend endless hours collecting water from muddy streams or contaminated traditional wells.The only water Annie from Zambia can get is from an unprotected spring.The water is dirtied and spreads lifethreatening waterborne diseases.In many rural parts of Zambia i
39、n Africa，children like Annie die from diarrhea，dysentery，malaria or other preventable diseases，all because they have only dirtied water.Those diseases kill 6,000 children in Africa every day.In some parts of Iyolwa，underground water flowing through rock layers comes out of slopes and becomes pollute
40、d with clay，topsoil and animal waste.Very often，this is the only kind of water that women and children collect after walking long distances.The good news is that problems like dirty water can be solved.For instance，by simply protecting water sources，chances of children falling sick can be reduced.He
41、re are some of the ideas.Protecting springsDig a deep hole in the ground where the water comes out of underground.Fill the hole with stones and put a pipe in it to channel the water.Build a concrete wall around the pipe so the hole becomes a tank，protected from pollutants.Plant a protective hedge(树篱
42、) around the water point to stop animals from polluting the water.Sinking shallow wellsIn some parts of Iyolwa，people depend on underground water sources.Typically，these are traditional wells or open sources which are very likely to be polluted by runoff，animal waste and parasites(寄生虫)There is also
43、a danger of children falling into open wells.A shallow well is dug only deep enough to reach the water that collects underground.The well is equipped with a hand pump.It is also covered to prevent surface pollution，mosquitoes breeding and to reduce evaporation(蒸发) so the water supply wont dry out，es
44、pecially in dry season.The new protected wells are safe even for children to collect water.Building toilets Some people use the bush or shallow handdug holes as toilets.When it rains，human waste could be washed into open water sources and cause pollution.Many diseases can be spread this way，such as
45、Hepatitis A.【广东省深圳市2014高考英语第一次调研考试】基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）你接受了一项写作任务，为英语校报写一篇快讯，报道一次比赛的情况。【写作内容】保护森林，人人有责！比赛目的：培养保护环境习惯主题：废物*利用创意作品*比赛组 织 者：学生会评选过程：1元月1日至2月10日2有900多人参赛，提交了1,000多幅作品3材料主要为废物，利用网络展示结果：1有近200名同学分获一、二、三等奖2李明用旧报纸和杂志制作的作品“保护森林，人人有责”获得了第一名意义：同学们显示了热情，提高了环保意识*废物：waste material*创意作品：creative works【
46、写作要求】只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。【参考范文】基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）Aiming to cultivate the good habit of protecting the environment, the Students Union held a creative work competition with the theme of making good use of waste materials. From Jan. 1st to Feb, 10th, more than 900 students particip
47、ated and presented through the Internet over 1,000 works mainly made of waste materials. About 200 participants got the first, second and third prizes respectively. Zhang Hua, whose work “Protecting the forests, including you and me!” was made of old newspapers and magazines, got the first place. In
48、 this activity, the students not only have shown their enthusiasm, but also have raised their awareness of environmental protection. 写作评分标准第一节：基础写作一、评分原则1、本题总分为15分，按3个方面给分。2、评分时，首先根据文章句子结构的准确性，信息内容的完整性和连贯性, 初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3、只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。4、评分时，应注意信息内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的准确性、上下文连贯性及语言的
49、得体性。5、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6、如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。二、内容要点：（可以有不同的组合）1比赛的时间、对象及主题；2比赛的过程、结果及意义。三、评分标准语言言yan言 言7-8具有很好的语言运用能力；语法和句子结构准确性高，词汇方面使用较好，只有少许错误。5-6具有较好的语言运用能力；语法和句子结构准确性较好，有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。3-4语言运用能力一般；语法和句子结构基本准确，语法结构或词汇方面的错误不影响理解。1-2语言运用能力较差；语法和句子结构基本不够准确，语法结构或词汇方面的错误较多，而且影响了对句子意义的理解。0语言运用能力很差；语法、句子结构、词汇错误很多，句子意义无法理解。备注每多或少写一个句子，扣1分。内 容5包括了所有信息内容。4包括了大部分信息内容。3包括了基本信息内容。2包括了小部分信息内容。1包括了少许信息内容。0没有包括所提供的信息内容。连 贯2内容连贯，而且结构紧凑。1.5内容连贯性比较好，而且结构比较紧凑。1内容连贯性较差，而且结构不够紧凑。0内容缺乏连贯性，而且结构松散。备注文不对题，给0分。
