1、专题13 特殊句式一 易错题类型【易错题01】 强调句1. ( 2022浙江卷满分作文 ) It was at that festival that you shared so many interesting things about your country together, through which I learned a lot about your food, culture and history.【句意】 在那个节日上你们可以在一起分享关于你的国家的很多有趣的事情，通过这些分享我可以了解到很多关于你们的饮食，文化和历史的事情。【解题思路】 运用强调句型。句型It was .
2、that .强调在这个节日中，句子主干为you shared so many interesting things about your country together ，其后介词through which引导定语从句，句式高级，背诵佳句。2. (2020新高考全国)It was with great courage and determination that I finally crossed the finishing line.【句意】怀着巨大的勇气和决心我最终穿过了终点线。【错误分析】对强调句型模式不熟练。误把It看做形式主语，逻辑意思混乱，翻译不当，干扰对文章细节的理解。【解题思
3、路】 运用强调句型。被强调部分为介词短语with great courage and determination在句子中作状语。【知识拓展】 强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语或状语等，一般来说，如果被强调的是人，用连词that或who；被强调的部分是宾语，指人时也可以用whom；如果被强调的是物，只能用that。【易错题02】 省略句1. ( 2022新高考II卷 阅读理解C篇 )Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social netw
4、orks and takingphotos.【句意】 当美国人在开车，以及使用网络和照相的时候依旧在发送短信。【错误分析】本题难度主要在于主从复合句中运用省略句，增大了对长难句的逻辑意思理解。【解题思路】 主句为Americans are still texting, while为引导时间状语从句，省略 they are， as well as连接平行结构。【知识拓展】在when, while, whenever, till, if, unless, as if, though, than, as时间，条件，让步状语从句中，若从句中的主语和主句主语一致，并且从句中含有be动词的时候，可以省略从
5、句中的主语和be动词。例如：When (you are ) crossing the road, you should be careful.When (he was ) asked the question, he said nothing and sighed.【易错题03】 倒装句1. (2021上海卷 )Only by speaking and listening can you keep practicing it and only by putting what you have learnt into use can you master Chinese as quickly a
6、s possible.【句意】只有通过说和听，你才能不断地练习，只有把你所学的运用起来，你才能尽快地掌握汉语。【解析】 Only 用于句首，其后跟状语时，句子需要使用部分倒装句式。2. (2021浙江卷6月)Beside the old truck stood my dad and mom，looking sad and anxious.【句意】我的爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，他们看起来既悲伤又焦虑。【解析】表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且谓语动词为不及物动词时，句子常用完全倒装句式。【知识拓展】下列句子常用完全倒装句型。1. 以here,there, now, then等副词开头，且谓语动词常
7、为不及物动词。2. 以状语和表语开头，且谓语动词常为不及物动词。二 举一反三二 举一反三1. ( 2022新高考II卷 阅读理解D篇 ) As we age, even if were healthy, the heart just isnt as efficient in processing oxygen as it used _(be).【答案】 to be【解析】 句意；随着年龄的增长，即使我们很健康，心脏处理氧气的效率也不如以前高了。在be afraid/glad/happy, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefe
8、r, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后边。如果不定式中含有be, have, have been，通常保留be, have和have been。2. (2020浙江卷1月 改编)In the backyard _(be) two happy dogs tumbling about on the grassland.【答案】 were【解析】 句意： 后院有两只在草坪上快乐打滚(tumble)的狗狗。句首in the backyard，主语为were后面的two happy dogs.完全倒装句型。3. It is novels _ Miss William en
9、joys reading.【答案】that【解析】考查强调句。句意：威廉女士喜欢读的正是小说。分析句子结构，同时省略it is和设空处，句子成分完整句意“正是”，故填that。4. Im really puzzled what to think of and express.【句意】制订计划比执行计划容易。【解析】当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，后面的不定式符号to可省略，但表示对比关系时则不能省略。5. She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not _.【答案】 to【解析】句意：她在床上读书，她妈妈告诉她不要读。动词不定式在like
10、, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号to。6. It was not _ his wife came back that he went to bed.【答案】 until【解析】 句意：直到妻子回家了，他才上床休息。此强调句型只能用until，但如果不是强调句型，till，until可通用；第二句型中It is/was not.已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，不能
11、再用否定句了。【知识拓展】1注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式。如果是省略句，注意补全缺失部分之后再解题。2根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。(1)看到倒装句，要注意其谓语动词的人称和数。(2)看到there be句型要注意主谓一致和时态。三 易错题通关1. He was seen _(walk) the house.【答案】 to walk【解析】在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加to，但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加
12、上to。2. _when we lost what we had did we realize how much we loved it.【答案】Only【解析】“only+状语从句”位于句首,主句用部分倒装结构。句意:只有当我们失去了我们所拥有的东西的时候,我们才意识到我们是多么爱它。3. Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do_makes life happy.【答案】 that【解析】句意:不是做我们喜欢的事情而是去喜欢我们必须做的事情才能让人生幸福。本题考查强调句。not doing t
13、he things we like, but liking the things we have to do为被强调部分,我们在阅读题干时要清楚not.but.的意思。4. Only then_(do) they realize how much damage had been caused.【答案】 did【解析】句意:直到那个时候他们才意识到造成了多大损失。“only+状语”这一结构置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装句式。根据had been caused可知主句用一般过去时,把助动词did提到主句主语之前就构成了部分倒装句式。5. At the foot of the mountain_(li
14、e) a small village.【答案】 lies【解析】句意:山脚下有一个小村庄。地点状语at the foot of the mountain置于句首,句子要用完全倒装句式。主语是a small village, 所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;描述事实,用一般现在时,故填 lies。6. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_benefits our work most.【答案】 that【解析】考查强调句型。本句是强调句型,是对并列主语“not how much we do but h
15、ow much love we put into what we do”进行强调,强调句型结构为:It is+被强调的部分+that+其他部分。故填that。7. Never before_she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.【答案】 that【解析】句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我第一次遇见了我的新邻居,本句中去掉It was和空格,句意完整,所以本句是强调句型,强调的是时间状语,应用that。8. No soonerMo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke
16、 into thunderous applause.【答案】 had【解析】本题考查倒装句以及时态。句意:莫言一登上舞台,观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。Nosooner.than.“一就”是一个固定搭配,而且主句通常用过去完成时态;no sooner置于句首时,其后用部分倒装。这个句子转化为陈述句为:Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.9. It was when I got back to my apartment_I first came acros
17、s my new neighbors.【答案】that【解析】句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我第一次遇见了我的新邻居,本句中去掉It was和空格,句意完整,所以本句是强调句型,强调的是时间状语,应用that。10. It was the culture, rather than the language,_made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.【答案】that【解析】本题考查强调句的判定。句意：是文化而不是语言是他很难适应国外的新环境。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is +被强调的部分+that +
18、其他部分。强调句的判断方法是将 It is/was 与 that去掉，来验证此句是不是成分完整的句子。经判断题干中句子成分完整，由此可与判断本句为强调句，所以空格处为 that。11. They said never before_ they experienced so interesting a class.【答案】 had【解析】句意:他们说自己以前从未上过这么有趣的课. 主句They said用了一般过去时,其后的宾语从句应用过去完成时:本句为倒装语序,其正常语序为 They said they had never experienced so interesting a class
19、before.12. It was he_ showed me how to smile through the rough times.【答案】 that/who【解析】句意:是他教我如何笑着度过艰难的时期被强调部分为句子的主语he,指人,故将which改为who或that.13. This has to change because it is not clothes or shoes that_(make) a person.【答案】 make【解析】句意:这必须有所改变,因为造就一个人的不是衣服和鞋子。分析句子结构可知,该句为强调句型.强调主语clothes or shoes,所以谓语
20、动词应用复数形式。14. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the _(good) your performance will be.【答案】better【解析】 考查固定句式“The+比较级.,the+比较级”意为“越.就越.”。本句句意:你承受的压力越大,你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better。15. Like so many other things, it is only too much stress _does you harm. 【答案】 that【解析】考查强调句型。强调句型的基本
21、结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分;其最大的特点就是去掉it is/wasthat/who句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。16. Not only _(do)I get bored with hours of practice but also I doubted about thevalue of it.【答案】 did【解析】考查倒装句。在not only.but also.结构中,若not only置于句首,含not only的分句用部分倒装;根据上下文的时态可知,在主
22、语I前加助动词did构成倒装。17. Absurd _ it might sound，everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.【答案】as/though【解析】 as作虽然，尽管讲，引导倒装句。句式为n./adj./adv./v.+as/though +主语+谓语.，句意:虽然这听起来很荒谬，但是每一个出席的人都对他在非洲的冒险故事很感兴趣。18. (2020新高考全国)I was about to give up when my teacher shouted at me，“Keep up，_ you will
23、 make it.”【答案】 and【解析】 句意：我正要放弃的时候老师对我喊：“坚持，你会成功的。”考查祈使句+and/or+简单句的句型。19. (2021浙江6月)_a fantastic Chinese panting show it is!【答案】What【解析】 考查感叹句。What修饰名词。句意：这是一场多么精彩的中国画展啊！20. It was the slow-paced lifestyle put the city on the list of the 21 must-go travel spots of 2017 in the travel magazine Nation
24、alGeographic.【答案】that【解析】考查强调句型。所填词与句首的It was构成“It was.that.”的强调句，强调的是主语the slow-paced lifestyle，故填that。21. As a local saying goes，“If you cannot find someone，he or she is either playing mahjong on the way to play mahjong.”【答案】 or【解析】考查并列句。either.or.或者或者，是固定用法。22. The parents didnt tolerate their ki
25、ds rudeness at the party，nor _(do)they allow themselves to be disobeyed.【答案】did 【解析】 考查倒装句。句意：父母不能容忍他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌，也不允许自己的命令不被服从。由上句可知时态应当为过去时，故填did。23. Here _(be) some suggestions，which I hope will be of benefit to you.【答案】are【解析】考查倒装句。主谓保持一致。句意：这里由一些建议，我希望能对你有益处。24. Not until recently _(do) they
26、encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.【答案】 did【解析】考查倒装句。Not until用于句首时，主谓进行部分倒装。句意:直到最近他们才鼓励偏远地区的和旅游业相关的发展。动作已经发生，故用过去时。25. Such _(be) Tom，a shy boy who was determined to face challenges.【答案】was【解析】such置于句首时用完全倒装。26. Call me tomorrow Ill let you know the lab resu
27、lt.【答案】 and【解析】考查特殊句式。句意:明天给我打电话,我就告诉你实验结果。分析句子结构可知,这是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式。27. Only a few days afterI arrived in theUK did I realize_changeable the weather was.【答案】 how【解析】句意:在我到达英国后仅仅几天,我就意识到了这里的天气是多么变化无常.根据感叹句的结构可知需将what改为how.28. A bit more effort, I think,you will settle the problem.【答案】 and【解析】根据句型结构
28、。先把插入语“I think”去掉，则不难看出“A bit more effort”为省去动词的祈使句，空后为陈述句，故根据句意可知此处填and。句意：我认为，再加把劲，你会解决这个问题的。29.I cant rememberwhat it was _ made the teacher give Mary the permission to leave the class earlier.【答案】 that【解析】考查强调句的特殊问句,结构是:疑问词+is/was it+that/who,因为强调句的特殊问句在句子中是做宾语从句的,所以用陈述句语序。30.Not only _(be) the
29、teacher himselfinterested in changing teaching methods but all his students arebeginning to show an interest in it.【答案】 is【解析】考查倒装句,not only,but also,不仅,而且,not only 放在句首使用部分倒装,but also后面的句子不倒装。31. It was not untilhe came back from Africa that year he met the girl he would like to marry.【答案】that【解析】本
30、题考查强调句型。句中被强调的是until 引导的时间状语从句,由于not.until.用于强调句型时要把not until置于被强调部分。32. Though_(face) great pressure, the speakers bravely overcame it.【答案】facing【解析】句意:虽然演汫者们面对巨大的压力,但是他们都勇敢地克服了。此处为状语从句的省略,当从句主语与主句主语一致.且从句含有be动词时.可将从句主语及be动间一起省略,即“Though (they were) facing great pressure.。33. What he said made me r
31、ecognize _ silly mistakes I had made.【答案】what【解析】宾语从句中缺少定语,故用what。34. _ a wonderful time he had at the zoo yesterday!【答案】what【解析】what可以用来引导感叹句,其结构为what + a /an + adj. + n. (可数名词) + 主语 + 谓语或者what + adj. + n.(不可数名词或复数名词) + 主语 + 谓语。35. Follow the instructions on the packet when you take the drug, and t
32、he drug, I think, _(work) soon.【答案】will work【解析】祈使句+and 后用一般将来时态。中间有一个时间状语从句。句意:当你吃药的时候遵循包装上的说明书,我认为,药物很快会生效的。36. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it?Yes.Knowmore words and expressions _ you will find it easier to read and communicate.【答案】and【解析】考查固定句型。祈使句+and/or+简单句,并列关系用and,转折关系用or,句意:-英语有很多词
33、汇量,是吗?-是,了解更多的单词和短语,你会发现它更容易读和表达。37. I hope it will be fine this Sunday. If_,well go for an outing.【答案】so【解析】考查省略句。根据前后句意得知,空格内应表达“如果是那样的话”的意思。38. Seated in the first row _(be) are some advanced workers.【答案】are【解析】考查倒装句。表语位于句首时，句子完全倒装，保持主谓一致。句意;坐在第一排的是一些先进工作者。39. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only_(be) teachers energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons.【答案】was【解析】电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师们的精力，学生们也对课堂更感兴趣了。40. Dont drive so fast, _youll have an accident.【答案】or【解析】祈使句or/otherwise简单句表示“，否则”. 句意：不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。9
