1、第四讲形容词、副词和比较等级单句语法填空1(2020全国卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their _(fine)work，so that he could choose the best.解析：考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知，皇帝命令所有知名画家献上他们最好的作品。答案：finest2(2020全国卷)The far side of the moon is of particular interest to s
2、cientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more so _ the familiar near side.解析：考查连词。本句中含有more，空格后为比较对象，因此本空应填than。答案：than3(2020浙江卷1月)The first is declining birth rates，which means old generations are large compared to younger generations，and so，on average，the population becomes _(old)than b
3、efore.解析：考查形容词比较级。结合句意及下文的than before可知，这里意为“比以前更加年老”，故填older。答案：older4(2018全国卷)He screams the_(loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.解析：loudest 考查副词的比较等级。由空前的the以及空后的all可知要用最高级。答案：loudest5(2018浙江卷6月)There could be an even_(high)cost on your health.
4、解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据even并结合语境可知，此处表示“更高的代价”，故需要用high的比较级higher。答案：higher1看到作定语、表语、或补足语，用形容词。2看到修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语，用副词。He was more than just an English teacher，because he also taught me useful lessons in life.(useful作定语)(2018河南洛阳第二次统考)Obviously，a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destina
5、tions.(Obviously作状语，修饰整个句子)(单句语法填空)1(2020陕西省重点中学4月模拟)_(interesting)enough，the United Nations even has a cartoon character to represent this day.解析：考查副词。有趣的是，联合国甚至有一个卡通人物来代表这一天。此处作状语修饰整个句子，应该用副词形式。答案：Interestingly2(2021合肥市高三第一次质量检测) The painting is made up of 10 subthemes，and was created _(large)usin
6、g marker pens.解析：考查词形转换。修饰空后的动词using，需要用副词，所以填largely。答案：largely3(2021烟台、菏泽市高三水平诊断)To protect the pandas，in 2012，Earthwatch Institute，a global nonprofit that teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important _(science)research，launched a program called “On the Trail of Giant Panda”解析：考查词性转换。应用形容
7、词修饰名词research。scientific意为“科学的”。故填scientific。答案：scientific4(2021昆明市高三“三诊一模”摸底诊断测试)The goal of the Plastic Bank is to use plastic to help people solve the problems _(gradual).解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词solve，应用副词形式，在句子中作状语，所以填gradually。答案：gradually5(2021青岛质量检测)The United States，Centers for Disease Cont
8、rol and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours sleep a night to stay_(health).解析：考查形容词。此处表示成年人每晚需要至少七小时的睡眠来保持健康。stay healthy为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”。故填healthy。答案：healthy6(2021安徽六校第二次联考)The organization helps to organize events across America to make children feel_(delight).解析：考查形容词。句意：此组织帮助在全
9、美组织活动，让孩子们感受到快乐。设空处前的feel为连系动词，其后常跟形容词作表语，表示主语的状态或特征，故填delighted。答案：delighted形容词变副词的后缀(1)一般在形容词的词尾加ly将其变成副词。如quickquickly，slowslowly，loudloudly，suddensuddenly等。(2)一些以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，要把y改为i，再加ly。如happyhappily，angryangrily，luckyluckily，heavyheavily，noisynoisily等。(3)有些以ble或le结尾的形容词，去掉e再加y。如possiblepossibl
10、y，terribleterribly等。(4)少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加ly。如truetruly等。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加ly。如politepolitely，widewidely等。(5)以l结尾的形容词要在词尾加ly，以ll结尾的形容词要在词尾加y。如usualusually，carefulcarefully，usefulusefully，fullfully等。注意事项1以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的名词，将其变为形容词时须双写词尾的辅音字母再加y。如：sunsunny，funfunny等。2少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e，再加y。如：n
11、oisenoisy，iceicy等。(单句语法填空)1(2021烟台市高考诊断性测试)So if you are passionate about something，stick to it and through hard work，you _(true)can make your dream come true.解析：考查词性转换。此处用副词修饰谓语动词。答案：truly2(2020合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)Unfortunately，coral species are being 66._(severe)threatened，many of which have been destr
12、oyed by pollution，overfishing practices，and other impacts over the past centuries.解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰过去分词threatened，应用副词形式，所以填severely。答案：severely1before，ago(1)ago：常用于一般过去时，它所指的时间从现在算起。(2)before：常用于过去完成时，它所指的时间从过去某一时刻算起。2late，later(1)late adj.迟到的；adv.迟，晚(2)later(也是late的比较级)adj.后来的，以后的；adv.后来，以后3ho
13、wever，therefore(1)however：副词，表示转折。(2)therefore：副词，表示因果关系。4常见的易用错的形容词和副词(1)以ly结尾的形容词。如：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly，deadly等。(2)意义有别的同根副词。如：close靠近(通常指距离)closely 密切地，仔细地hard 努力地，费力地hardly 几乎不most 最，(程度上)最大，非常mostly 一般地，主要地(3)表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式，以ly结尾的表示抽象意义，与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：wide宽地，widely广泛地，如：be
14、widely known被广泛了解high高地，highly高度地，如：think highly of评价高deep深地，deeply深深地，如：be deeply moved被深深感动5ed型形容词和ing型形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人”(ing)，还是“感到”(ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(ing)还是感受(ed)。(单句语法填空)1(2021沈阳监测)Passing through several streets，we saw no one but only rubbish here and there.An hour later，I still c
15、ouldnt bear to keep my eyes_(wide)open.解析：考查副词。空处修饰形容词open，故用副词形式；wide本身就有副词词性，意为“完全地”。注意：此处不能填widely，widely主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。答案：wide2(2021山西孝义实验中学二模)As the last name became_(wide)accepted，the first letter was capitalized.解析：句意为：随着姓氏被广泛接受，其首字母被大写。设空处作accepted的状语，故填副词widely。wide也可作副词，表示“充分张开”，因此此处不能填w
16、ide。答案：widely1“the比较级.，the比较级.”表示“越越”It is believed that the harder you work，the better result you will get.人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。2“the比较级of the two名词”表示“两个中较的”Which is the better of the two universities，Shanghai Jiao Tong University or Fudan University?上海交大与复旦大学，实力较强的是哪一个？3“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义。Mr Stevenso
17、n is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a better boss.为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。4“the形容词或副词的最高级比较范围”表示在某个范围内“最”。She is the most active student in our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。5可以用来修饰比较级的单词和短语有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal及数字、倍数等，常放在比较级的前面。The hotel is rather more e
18、xpensive than that one.这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。(单句语法填空)1(2020合肥市高三第一次质量检测)In fact，Guo Feng is _(familiar)to the public as a music producer than as a painter解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级符号than并结合语境可知，空处含有比较的含义，应用形容词的比较级，familiar为多音节词，比较级为more familiar，所以填more familiar。答案：more familiar2(2021安徽安庆二模)Nowadays，not only do
19、es China have the_(fast)growing modern cities in the world，but the landscapes are also truly diverse.解析：考查副词的最高级。句意：现在，中国不但有世界上发展最快的现代化的城市，而且风景也多种多样。设空处前有定冠词the，且在句中修饰growing，根据比较范围in the world可知，此处应用最高级形式，故填fastest。答案：fastest3(2021山西五地市高三联考)While some Florida government officials doubt whether the
20、climate will become hotter or_(cold)，the people living in these locations are certain of the need to protect their communities.解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：尽管佛罗里达有些政府官员怀疑气候会变得更热或更冷，但住在这些地区的人们确定需要保护他们的社区。根据并列连词or及之前的hotter可知，此处表示比较意义，应用形容词的比较级。故填colder。答案：colder4(2021唐山第一次调研)Als adult son，Ernie，however，is one of
21、the_(kind)men I have ever known.解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：然而，Al已成年的儿子Ernie是我认识的最有爱心的人之一。根据“I have ever known”可推知设空处需用形容词的最高级。答案：kindest5(2021广东七校联合体第二次联考)I was scanning the restaurant，waiting to sit at the first table that was_(convenient)than others.解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的than可知，空处用形容词的比较级。答案：more convenient6(20
22、21昆明质量检测)If we can focus on encouraging kids to drink more watera lowcost，sugarfree drinkwe can improve their drinking habits，which may allow many kids to feel_(great)throughout the day and do better in school.解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and do better in school”可知，空处与此处对应，应用形容词的比较级。答案：greater连接副词逻辑语意意义thoug
23、h表转折虽然，然而yet表转折然而，可是however表转折，其后常用逗号然而，但是instead表转折或相反相反，代替otherwise表转折否则besides表递进另外，而且moreover表递进再说，而且still表递进仍然，依然therefore表结果因此thus表结果因此anyway表让步无论如何Bicycling is good exercise；besides，it does not pollute the air.骑自行车是很好的运动；而且还不污染空气。(单句语法填空)1(2021东北三校高三第一次联合模拟)Compared with other male poets in C
24、hina，who have left hundreds or even thousands of poems，she has only eightyseven._，her artistic creativity in her existing works has earned her a permanent place in the Chinese literary circle.解析：考查副词。前一句表述和其他遗作有几百甚至几千首的中国男性诗人相比，她只有八十七首，并结合空后的内容可知，此处前后形成转折，且修饰整个句子，所以填However。答案：However2(2021湖北武昌区高三调研)In my opinion，success lies in a series of goals._，we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams.解析：上下文是因果关系，应用表示因果关系的副词。且句中有逗号与后面的句子分开，所以应用therefore。答案：Therefore