1、 Topic 5Inventors and inventions (Book 8Unit 3).阅读理解A话题词数建议用时购物车的发明3368分钟(2018石家庄高三教学质检)Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart. They will in a lifetime, push the chromeplated_contraptions many miles. But few will know or even think to ask who it was t
2、hat invented them.Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging groceries around in baskets they had to carry.One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would
3、 make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.On June 4, 1937, Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldnt wait to see them using his invention.But Goldman wa
4、s disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his carts. “Dont you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket？” one shopper replied.But Goldman wasnt beaten yet.
5、 He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony (假的) customers.As Goldman ha
6、d hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come those who came bought more. With larger easiertohandle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.Todays shopping carts are five times la
7、rger than Goldmans original model. Perhaps thats one reason why Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937 the coming of the shopping cart.1What do the underlined words “chromeplated contraptions” in the first paragraph refer to?ABaskets.BPriva
8、te cars.CSuitcases. DShopping carts.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“. a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart.”可以得出，画线词的意思是购物手推车。2What was the purpose of Goldmans invention?AIt was to prove him to be a good inventor.BIt was to reduce the burden of his employees work.CIt was to make shopping easier and a
9、ttract more business.DIt was to help the disabled make shopping easily in his market.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“. make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.”可知，C项正确。3Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market in order to _.Aattract people to bu
10、y things in his marketBencourage people to use his shopping cartsCmake his market different from the othersDkeep the groceries from being stolen解析：选B细节理解题。根据第七段中的“persuade people to give them a try”可知，他雇一些人假装顾客在超市里面推购物车的目的是想鼓励人们使用他的购物车。4What can we infer from the last paragraph?AGoldman will become
11、very famous because of his invention.BGoldmans invention will be regarded as the greatest one in the world.CSupermarket business has benefited a lot from Goldmans invention.DThere will be nothing that can replace Goldmans invention.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，现今购物车是Goldman发明的购物车的五倍大，那就可能是美国人今天的购物花费是购物车发明
12、之前的五倍的一个原因。由此可推断出，超市的生意从Goldman的发明中受益匪浅。B话题词数建议用时防止疲劳驾驶的装置3177分钟(2018郑州市高中毕业年级质量预测)Nearly every driver has experienced that feeling of great tiredness, where it becomes almost impossible to stay awake at the wheel. 14yearold Katherine Wu is too young to have experienced this situation firsthand. How
13、ever, she noticed how difficult it was for her dad to remain awake while driving back from their family vacations in Florida to their home in Maryland. Her mom had to talk to her dad all the way.“So I created a tool that can be used instead of my mom talking to my dad to make sure he stays awake and
14、 is safe，” she says. Her invention, “Drivers Companion”， can notice driver sleepiness and warn the driver if he or she is too tired to be on the road.The user wears a headset (耳机), which sends information about the drivers brain waves (脑电波) to a tiny computer. The computer can be placed in front of
15、the driver. The system then gives warnings, if needed. As the driver becomes sleepier, red color will be shown to warn him or her. The driver will also hear messages warning him to get off the road. The machine can say, “Youre tired. Please take a break.”After sending her invention to the 2014 Disco
16、very Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, Wu was chosen as a finalist and was able to work with Dr. Jesse Miller, who is a product development specialist.“He helped me understand how important it is to make sure that my invention worked for the people who were using it and that it was userfriendl
17、y，” Wu says.As a young scientist, Wu has some advice for other students of her age: “I would like to tell them that they should choose something theyre interested in. So theyll be willing to spend more time on it and enjoy working on it more. Also, when theres difficulty, they should just continue w
18、orking hard because theyll get over it.”5Why did Wus mother talk to her dad all the way?ATo prevent an accident.BTo help him feel relaxed.CTo discuss their vacations.DTo make the trip enjoyable.解析：选A推理判断题。由第一段中的“she noticed how difficult it was for her dad to remain awake while driving back”可知，Wu的母亲
19、为了防止意外发生，一路上不断地跟Wu的父亲说话以使其保持清醒，故选A项。6What is the purpose of “Drivers Companion”？ATo show drivers the way.BTo prevent drunk driving.CTo improve driving skills.DTo help drivers stay awake.解析：选D细节理解题。由第三段中的“Drivers Companion， can notice driver sleepiness and warn the driver if he or she is too tired to
20、 be on the road.”可知，“司机伙伴”能够让司机保持清醒，故选D项。7Which of the following shows how “Drivers Companion” works?ASleepinessHeadsetWarningsComputerBSleepinessWarningsHeadsetComputerCSleepinessHeadsetComputerWarningsDSleepinessComputerHeadsetWarnings解析：选C细节理解题。由第四段中的相关内容可知，C项正确描述了“司机伙伴”的工作顺序。8Wu advises other yo
21、ung students _.Ato enjoy their livesBto learn to love scienceCnot to do dangerous jobsDnot to give up what they love解析：选D细节理解题。由最后一段中的“they should choose something theyre interested in”和“when theres difficulty . just continue working hard because theyll get over it”可知，Wu建议其他学生要敢于选择自己感兴趣的事情并且要坚持做下去，故
22、选D项。.阅读七选五Nowadays, so many people are becoming interested in adventurous trips in the wild. No one intentionally gets lost in the wild, but circumstances such as weather conditions or medical emergencies may require the use of wilderness survival. _1_ Here are some of the tips：Remain dry to keep bo
23、dy warm. Do not intentionally get wet. Avoid frostbite (冻伤) by staying out of the wind. _2_ Uncovered skin can become frostbitten in a matter of seconds under the wind conditions._3_ Check for other wildlife like bears, snakes before entering the shelter. Build a shelter with branches and ropes. Use
24、 as many branches as possible for added stability and protection against the wind and weather. If you are in a desert environment, try to build an underground shade shelter to avoid sun exposure so you can travel more comfortably in cooler temperatures.Humans can live without food longer than they d
25、o without water. Dig a hole with hands or a stick several feet from a river or lake. Let the hole fill in by itself and use that water to drink. _4_ If not, check the dry river beds at night and it may contain water not found during the day. Conserve water by traveling at night and resting in the sh
26、ade during the day.Eat only known plant species. Berries, nuts or fruit will be your first choice. This is not the time to test your wild mushroom knowledge. _5_ If the animals eat it, it is probably safe for humans too. Dig trap holes to catch rabbits or small mammals. Fish and snakes are also avai
27、lable sources of protein that require little hunting skill.AMaintain protein levels by capturing and eating available meat sources.BWatch for signs of wildlife.CWind is the biggest factor.DWith key survival techniques, a person can survive in the wild until help arrives.EBoil water for 15 minutes if
28、 possible.FLook for a cave or other natural shelters.GFollow dry river beds to the water source.语篇解读：如今，越来越多的人喜欢参加野外冒险。本文就野外求生这一话题给出了四个实用技能。1选D本段第一、二句引出wilderness survival这一话题，D项承接上文，指出人需要具备一定的野外求生技能直到救援抵达，再紧接着下一句给出解答“Here are some of the tips”，从而引出文章主旨。2选C本段主旨是要保持温暖。由上句中的“staying out of the wind”和下
29、句中的“under the wind conditions”可知，本段主要讲的是风对野外求生的影响，故选C项。3选F由本段多次出现的shelter一词可知，本段与寻找shelter(庇护所)有关，故选F项。4选G本段主旨与水相关。G项“沿着干涸的河床走以寻找水源”引出下句“如果不行，就在晚上的时候再检查一遍干涸的河床”，dry river beds为关键信息，故选G项。5选B本段主旨与吃相关。B项“注意观察野生动物的迹象”引出下句“如果动物能吃，人类应该也能吃”，前后照应，故选B项。 .短文改错(2018河北石家庄一模)Never go into a supermarket hunger! T
30、his is a good pieceadvice. If you went shopping for food before lunchtime, you will probably buy more than you plan to. Unfortunate, just this advice isnt enough for consumers. Modern shopper need an education in how to buy things at the store. First, you can check the weekly newspaper ads. Find out
31、 the items what are on sale and decide if you really need these things. On other words, dont buy anything just because its cheap than usual! Second, reading the list of contents on the back. Third, buy ordinary items instead famous brands.答案：第一句：hungerhungry第二句：piece后加of第三句：wentgo第四句：UnfortunateUnfortunately第五句：shoppershoppers第七句：whatthat/which第八句：OnIn; cheapcheaper第九句：readingread第十句：instead后加of