1、2015高考英语（三月）阅读、完形填空自练（10）答案（西安）阅读理解。“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in t
2、he field of organization decision making. For years March( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of exp
3、eriential learning :“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complications（复杂化），ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.In one interesting
4、part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says “The more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”Besides being a broadl
5、y knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding；Dont pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in
6、work and life.( ) 1. According to the text, James March is _. A. a poet who uses experience in his writingB. a teacher who teachers story writing in universityC. a researcher who studies the way humans think and actD. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions( ) 2. According to Ja
7、mes March, experience _. A. is overvalued B. is easy to explainC. should be actively sought D. should be inactively sought( ) 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Experience makes stories more accurate.B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.C. The use of stories is the best
8、 way of experiential learning.D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.( ) 4.Whats the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a book. B. To describe a researcher.C. To explain experiential learning. D. To discuss organizational decision making.【答案与解析】【要点综述】文章介绍了Ja
9、mes March所著的一本名为The Ambiguities of Experience书。本书针对人们生活中过分依赖经验这一现象作了分析实际上是告诫人们不可高估经验的作用。1C 细节理解题。根据首段“For years March( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act,”可知。2A 推理判断题。根据首段第一句及第2段“The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complica
10、tions（复杂化），.”可得知March认为人们高估了经验的作用。3B细节理解题。根据第3段“The more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”可判断正确答案为B。4A 推理判断题。此题判断作者的写作意图。从首段最末一句“he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.”
11、及末段“Though the book is short, it is demanding；Dont pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons.”可推断出本文是介绍March所著的这本书。 阅读理解【2013潍坊5月模拟】When you tidy your messy bedroom，it gets a lot easier to find things.Dreams may work the same way for a messy brain，helping you learn by organizing memories and ideas.
12、To test how much dreams can help learning，Robert Stickgold had some students play a shapefitting game called Tetris (俄罗斯方块) for a few hours and then go to sleep.Soon they were dreaming of falling Tetris shapes.Interestingly，the worst Tetris players had the most Tetris dreams and improved their game
13、the most.Similar tests have shown the same results for all kinds of skills.As we dream，many important tasks are getting done.The brain decides what to keep and what to forget.It is connecting new experiences to older learning.In fact，the brain is learning all night long.Another important task of dre
14、ams may be to help us deal with emotions (情绪)At night，emotions are in the drivers seat.People who have had an upsetting experience often dream about it afterward.Often the dream event changes somehowanother way the brain tries to make the memory less upset.So if your best friend moves away，you might
15、 dream that youre the one whos moving.In fact，dreams have a proven power to improve mood，and people who dream about whats bothering them usually feel better sooner than those who dont.Everybody dreams for a couple of hours every nightin the course of your life，youll spend about 25 years asleep and 6
16、 years dreaming.Theres probably no single answer to the question why we dream，but there doesnt have to be.One dream might help you remember your math facts，while another might lead to a new invention，or give you a fun，crazy story to tell your friends.Its all in a nights work for our busy，mysterious
17、brains.1Robert Stickgolds test shows that_.Agames are useful for memoryBdreams can help improve skillsCplayers stop learning in dreamsDtasks can only be settled through dreams2We can learn from Paragraph 4 that_.Adreams can get rid of sufferingsBonly drivers can deal with emotionsCone may be less up
18、set after a dreamDdreams can copy what one experienced3Which of the following does the author probably agree with?ADreaming does harm to ones mood.BDreaming affects the quality of sleep.CIts hard to find out the secrets of dreaming.DIts not so important to know the cause of dreaming.4What does the t
19、ext focus on?ADreams and memories.BDreams and emotions.CThe benefits of dreams.DThe patterns of dreams.5In which part of a magazine can this text be found?AEntertainment.BTourism.CScience.DAdvertisement.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了梦的好处，即可以改善学习和情绪。1解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知，为了证实梦对学习有帮助，Robert Stickgold做了这次实验，而实验结果表明选手的
20、技能有所提高，根据本段最后一句“Similar tests have shown the same results for all kinds of skills.”可推知，梦对学习各种技能都是有帮助的，故选B。答案：B2解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Another important task of dreams.emotions (情绪)”和最后一句“In fact，dreams have a proven power to improve mood.”可知，梦有助于改善心情，故选C。 答案：C3解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Theres probably no single
21、 answer to the question why we dream，but there doesnt have to be.”可知，作者认为关于我们为什么会做梦的解释不止一个，但也没必要非要有一个解释。答案：D4解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了梦的好处：有助于改善学习和情绪。答案：C5解析：推理判断题。根据文章主旨可知，文章是关于梦的科学研究方面的知识，所以最可能在杂志的有关科学的栏目里找到此文章，故选C。答案：C。【深圳市2014高考英语综合能力测试题（6）】完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。If they ki
22、ck the habit of smoking, some smokers over 65 years old may reduce their risk of dying from heart-related problems to the level of nonsmokers, according to new research presented on Wednesday. Many people in the study lowered the risk of developing heart failure, or the risk of 1 from heart failure,
23、 heart attacks and strokes to the same 2 as the non-smokers in nearly half the time as previous research had indicated. For half of them, it was eight years after quitting, said Professor Ahmed. Even for the 3 smokers, who smoked more than 32 pack years, compared to current smokers, they will 4 redu
24、ce the risk of mortality(死亡率) by 35 percent by quitting, so theres a positive 5 for everybody. Cutting the 6 to the level of non-smokers was much more difficult in comparison with 7 smokers, he added. . Researchers 8 their data by analyzing 13 years of medical information from a health study. They c
25、ompared 853 people who 9 smoking 15 or fewer years ago with 2,557 people who never smoked cigarettes. Of the former smokers, 319 had smoked less than 32 pack years. 10 remains the most preventable cause of early death in the United States and elsewhere. So the main message remains: If you smoke, qui
26、t and quit 11 . But even those who do not stop smoking until they 12 the Medicare-eligible(有医疗保险资格)age of 65 appear 13 to get heart-related health benefits from stopping smoking. While the heart-related benefits seen in the study seem clear, researchers said, lung damage is not so 14 changeable. Tho
27、se who smoked less than 32 pack years and quit up to 15 or moreyears ago were still at a high risk of dying from 15 cancer.1. A. kicking B. dying C. reducing D. quitting2. A. level B. mark C. house D. disease3. A. fatter B. thinner C. lighter D. heavier4. A. significantly B. equally C. lately D. bar
28、ely5. A. plan B. story C. message D. problem6. A. cigarette B. risk C. cost D. expense7. A. current B. fashionable C. sick D. strong8. A. doubted B. changed C. distributed D. collected9. A. practised B. forgot C. quit D. enjoyed10. A. Smoking B. Drinking C. Drug-taking D. Overeating11. A. painfully
29、B. early C. strangely D. madly12. A. find B. ask C. hide D. reach13. A. silly B. friendly C. likely D. lively14. A. quietly B. warmly C. slowly D. easily15. A. liver B. lung C. brain D. stomach【参考答案】1-5 BADAC 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BDCDB完形填空研究表明：65岁后戒烟会减少心脏病死亡率危险，与非吸烟者心脏病死亡率的差值缩少。因此，任何时间戒烟都不算迟，而且最好在出现严重健康
30、损害之前戒烟。1. B。从后文mortality (死亡率)可以推断得知，此处为降低死于心脏病的风险。2. A。同词复现。根据第一段level及后文多处出现level可得知答案应为A。3. D。根据后文who smoked more than 32 pack years，compared to current smokers可知，相对比而言，那些抽烟超过32年支的人为“严重吸烟者”。4. A。从后文.reduce the risk of total mortality by 35 percent.及.positive.可知，他们会“极大地(significantly)减少死亡率的风险”。5.
31、C。从倒数第二段的So the main message remains可知，应选C，本句意为“因此，这对于每个人来说都是好消息”。6. B。同词复现。根据第一段.reduce their risk of dying from.可知，此处应为risk，“cut the risk”意为“降低风险”。7. A。同词复现。从上文pared to current smokers.得知，应为A，“current smokers”意为“现行吸烟者”。8. D。由后文by analyzing.得知，是通过分析信息来收集数据，其他选项均不符合句意，因此应选D。9. C。同词复现。从上文.after quitt
32、ing 及第一段kick the habit得知，此处应为戒烟(quit smoking)。10. A。同词复现。从下文If you smoke及全文贯穿的主题得知，应选A。11. B。由前句“抽烟仍是早死最可预防的原因”可知，是劝大家早点戒烟，因此应选early，答案为A。12. D。由句意得知，“甚至那些达到(reach) 65岁医疗保险资格年龄才戒烟的人，都有可能(likely)从戒烟中获利”，其它选项都不符合句意，因此应选D。13. C。参照12题答案可知应选C。14. D。从后句“那些少于32年支吸烟史的人且戒烟达15年或以上者仍然处于死于癌症等病的高危期”，可知吸烟对肺的损害不太容易(easily)改变，因此，答案为D。15. B。从前句lung damage is not so 14 changeable可知，吸烟对肺的危害很大，因此患肺癌(lung cancer)的风险仍然很高，其它选项均不合句意。