1、课时提能练(三十二).阅读理解A(2019湖南衡阳二模，B)By the time Robert Porter Allen was born in 1905, the whooping crane(鸣鹤) was already in trouble. The beautiful bird was once commonly found across North America. By 1941, the whooping crane population had dwindled to the double digits.The tallest species in North Americ
2、a were critically endangered.In the 1940s, the remaining cranes migrated (迁徙) every year from the Gulf Coast of Texas to somewhere in the north of Canada to breed (繁殖)The conservation community didnt know where the birds went. The wetlands where they used to spend winters were growing rarer and rare
3、r as they were dried and built on, and the birds were dying in large numbers on the long migration flight. A tiny, nonmigrating group of whooping cranes was alive in Louisiana in 1941, but the group had disappeared by the time Allen started his research.In 1942, Allen undertook the whooping crane pr
4、oject. Over the next three years, he did almost constant field work that took him from Texas up the cranes migration route to Nebraska, and on into Saskatchewan in search of the nesting ground of the birds.Studying the bird in its breeding habitat and seeing how many birds were born would allow cons
5、ervationists to understand how to help the birds on their journey. But finding the whooping cranes nesting site meant difficult and fruitless air searches over northern Canada.In 1952, Allen wrote a report on the whooping crane.The report was a warning call to the conservation community：only 33 migr
6、ator? “whoopers” remained, and their nesting site still hadnt been found. Two years later, the whooping cranes breeding grounds in Canadas Wood Buffalo National Park were finally found, and Allen headed north to study them firsthand，an “incredibly difficult journey，” in Sprunts words. Allens work la
7、id the groundwork for conservationists to save the birds.Their efforts paid off as the numbers reached 57 by 1970 and 214 by 2005. Today, the whooping crane is still listed as endangered, but there are roughly 600 birds alive.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，讲述了一名动物保护者保护濒危动物鸣鹤的故事。1What is the passage mainly about?AIt i
8、s a story about Allens searching for a lost bird.BIt is a story about the cranes long migration flight.CIt is a story about the crane surviving the winters.DIt is a story about conserving the whooping crane.D主旨大意题。本题题干意为：本文的主要内容是什么？第一至二段介绍了鸣鹤的濒危程度，第三至五段介绍了Robert Porter Allen为保护濒危动物鸣鹤所做的工作，最后一段介绍了他所做
9、工作取得的成效。综上所述，本文主要讲述了有关保护鸣鹤的故事，故答案为D项。2What does the underlined word “dwindled” mean in the first paragraph?AIncreased.BReduced.CStayed.DLimited.B词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第一段中画线词“dwindled”的意思是什么？根据上下文尤其是本句中的“double digits”(两位数字)可知答案为B项(减少)。A：增加；C：保持；D：限制。3According to the passage, which of the following is mainl
10、y responsible for what happened to the remaining whooping cranes?AHabitat loss.BIllegal hunting.CNatural disaster.DDeadly diseases.A细节理解题。本题题干意为：根据本文，下列哪一项应对剩余的鸣鹤所发生的事负主要责任？根据第二段中“The wetlands where they used to spend winters were growing rarer and rarer as they were dried and built on，and the birds
11、 were dying in large numbers on the long migration flight.(随着湿地的干涸以及人们在湿地上搞建筑，它们过去过冬的湿地越来越少，这种鸟在长距离迁徙过程中大量死亡。)”可知答案为A项(栖息地的丧失)。B：非法捕猎；C：自然灾害；D：致命疾病。4Which of the following events took place in 1954?AThe nonmigrating group of whooping cranes disappeared.BRobert Porter Allen undertook the whooping cra
12、ne project.CThe whooping cranes breeding grounds were discovered.DRobert Porter Allen wrote a report on the whooping crane.C细节理解题。本题题干意为：在1954年发生了下列哪个事件？根据题干中的“1954”在文中寻找1954年或接近1954年的段落，由此可知定位到第五段；根据第五段中的“In 1952”及该段中“Two years later，the whooping cranes breeding grounds in Canadas Wood Buffalo Nati
13、onal Park were finally found，.”可知答案为C项(鸣鹤的繁衍地被发现)。B(2021新高考八省联考卷)In my everyday life，I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet.A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment，in particular climate change.
14、It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives.Fortunately，nowadays it is much easier to make ecofriendly lifestyle choices than，lets say,20 years ago.But one question has been on my mind a lot lately：is it better to buy new ecofriendly products or used traditionally
15、produced goods?After doing some research，I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used.Let me try to explain.A carbon footprint is made up of two parts，the primary footprint and the secondary footprint.The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions(排放) of carb
16、on dioxide(CO2) from the burning of fuels，including household energy consumption and transportation.The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we usethose related to their production and breakdown.Based on this understanding，we have a good
17、 deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint.Things like dishes，clothes and furniture fall into the“secondary footprint” group，so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production.However，for the car and the other appliances(设备) that we need we can go
18、 with new，energysaving models.I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory.So it seems most reasonable to go for the energysaving models.The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products an
19、d whether or not that extra carbon is worth the_footprint the product will make once it gets to you.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者一直努力减少生活中的碳足迹，但是新型环保产品和使用过的传统生产的产品，哪一种更能减少碳足迹呢？作者通过研究和对比给我们找到了答案：他们各有千秋。5What is the text mainly about?AWhat appliances to buy to save energy.BWhat a carbon footprint means in our lif
20、e.CHow to identify different carbon footprints.DHow to make ecofriendly lifestyle choices.D主旨大意题。文章第一段中“Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make ecofriendly lifestyle choices(幸运的是，现在更容易选择环保的生活方式)”以及困扰作者的一个问题“is it better to buy new ecofriendly products or used traditionally produced goods(新型环
21、保产品和使用过的传统生产的产品，选择哪一种更好)”再根据第二段一整段的内容，作者通过研究得出答案，有时候是新型环保产品好，有时候是另一种更好。文章接下来的段落分析了作者这个答案是怎样找到的。由此可知，文章的内容主要是关于怎样选择更环保的生活方式的。故选D。6What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint?AIt is related to our consumption of fuels.BIt is made when we are buying the products.CIt is less harmful than the pr
22、imary carbon footprint.DIt is counted as ours though not directly made by us.D推理判断题。根据第三段中“The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we usethose related to their production and breakdown.(第二种足迹是表示我们使用的产品在整个生命周期中间接排放的二氧化碳，这些是和他们的生产和排放有关的)”
23、可知，第二种碳足迹虽然不是我们直接产生的，但是也是我们使用的产品释放出来的，也是要归结到我们身上的。故选D。7Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author?AUsing secondhand textbooks.BUsing old and expensive cars.CBuying new but cheap clothes.DBuying new wooden furniture.A推理判断题。根据第四段中“Things like dishes, clothes and f
24、urniture fall into the secondary footprint group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production.”可知，像盘子、衣服和家具这样的物品属于 “第二类型的足迹”，所以是越少越好，我们应该注重寻找用过的物品来避免额外的生产。二手书是属于和衣服等可以二次使用的物品，符合题意。故选A。8“The footprint” underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced
25、 in .Ausing the productBrecycling the productCmaking the productDtransporting the productA词义猜测题。根据第四段中“The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you(主要的问题是这
26、些投入在制造新产品时的能源以及这种额外的碳是否值得它到你手里以后，所产生的碳足迹)”可知，footprint在其后定语从句the product will make once it gets to you中充当make的宾语，意思是“这种碳足迹就是产品到你手里之后，你使用中所产生的”。由此推知，画线词组the footprint指的是“产品使用过程中产生的二氧化碳”。故选A。.阅读七选五(2020浙江宁波高三二模)There are hundreds of publishers across the world and millions of books get printed every y
27、ear. Moreover, a book can be printed by several polishers. 1 .To overcome the problem of identifying books，publishers have come up with a unique numbering system. For instance, if 50,000 copies of The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes are printed by a publisher at one time (called an edition), all of th
28、em are identified by one number code. 2 and your address begins with your house number, street, locality, state and ends with a statement of the country where you live. An ISBN book number achieves a similar aim of identifying and tracing a book.If you pick up any book, turn it around you will see a
29、 number which looks something like thisISBN 9070002345.This is called the ISBN number. ISBN stands for International Standard Book Numbering. 3 .The ISBN number is divided into four groups that are separated by a space or a hyphen.The first part of the ISBN identifies the country and is called the G
30、roup Identifier. 4 .The second part is called the Publisher Prefix. The Publisher Prefix is used to identify the publisher of the book. The Publisher Prefix may contain up to seven digits.The third part identifies the title and the edition of the book and so is called the Title Identifier, which may
31、 consist of up to six digits. 5 .Since you can have the same book from the same publisher but with different editions, the Title Identifier helps to differentiate between them.The fourth and the final part is called the Check digit, a single digit (from 0 to 9) used to check whether the given ISBN n
32、umber is correct or wrong. If an ISBN number is incorrect, this means that the book is a version printed illegally.AIt may consist of up to five digitsBSo what can the ISBN number do for youCThis makes the task of identifying a book very difficultDIt is a numbering system that is used to describe th
33、e bookEBook publishers often come out with newer and updated versions of earlier booksFThe number Code is your home address that can only be shared by your parentsGThe ISBN numbering system helps book stores and book publishers to handle categorize to handle，categorize, store and identify books easi
34、ly【语篇解读】本文讲述了为了解决图书识别的问题，出版商提出了一个独特的编号系统(ISBN书号系统)。1C文章衔接题。根据前文“Moreover, a book can be printed by several polishers.”可知，而且一本书可以被几家抛光厂印刷出来，C项：This makes the task of identifying a book very difficult这使得识别一本书的任务非常困难。符合文意。故选C项。2F联系下文题。根据下文“your address begins with your house number, street, locality, s
35、tate and ends with a statement of the country where you live.”可知，你的地址以你的门牌号、街道、地点、州开始，以你居住的国家的声明结束，F项：The number Code is your home address that can only be shared by your parents号码是你的家庭住址，家庭住址只能由你的父母分享并且。符合文意。故选F项。3D语境辨析题。根据前文“ISBN stands for International Standard Book Numbering.”可知，ISBN代表国际标准图书编号，
36、D项：It is a numbering system that is used to describe the book这是一个用来描述书的编号系统。符合文意。故选D项。4A联系下文题。根据下文“The Publisher Prefix is used to identify the publisher of the book. The publisher prefix may contain up to seven digits.”可知出版者前缀用于标识图书的出版者，发布者前缀最多可包含七位数字，A项：It may consist of up to five digits它最多可以由五位数
37、字组成。符合文意。故选A项。5E逻辑推断题。根据下文“Since you can have the same book from the same publisher but with different editions, the Title Identifier helps to differentiate between them.”可知由于同一出版商的同一本书有不同的版本，因此标题标识符有助于区分它们，E项：Book publishers often come out with newer and updated versions of earlier books图书出版商经常出版较新
38、和更新版本的早期书籍。符合文意。故选E项。.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。A boulder(巨石)，as big as a house. Thats how the guidebook described Giant Rock. Dad said it arrived here millions of years ago. I was finally going to see it, in snowshoes, with my two older cousins, my dad, and my uncle Don. Id been snow
39、shoeing before, and I liked the adventure of hiking through deep snow.At the parking area, after putting on our snowshoes, we studied the map. Due to the geographical location, electrical devices are inaccessible here. The map is our only guide. “We start here，” Dad said，“ on the red trail(小路). Then
40、 we turn left onto the purple road. Thats where Giant Rock is.” “Remember to stick together and dont wander off, guys，” Uncle Don said.The trail ran uphill alongside a stone wall. It was easy to follow because red markers were nailed to the trees and the snow had been packed down by other hikers. At
41、 the top of the hill, we turned onto the purple trail. We settled into a pattern，with Dad and everyone else in front and me in the back，crunching(嘎吱嘎吱地踩) through the snow. I saw lots of animal tracks mostly deer, squirrel, and rabbit prints. As the trail wound down, my cousin Andrew said what Id bee
42、n thinking ：“Will we ever reach Giant Rock？” My cousin Aiden smiled and turned to me, “Luke, do you think your dad invented this idea just to get us away from the TV for a while？” I laughed. “You never know.”Finally, we climbed a hill and saw the massive boulder sitting alone in the forest. It reall
43、y is as big as a house! My cousins and I highfived each other and jogged until we stood at the base, breathless. Standing in the boulders broad shadow, I noticed the sun had sunk lower.“Lets head back，”Dad said after a few minutes. “I here will be several crossroads on the way back. Guys, keep up wi
44、th the team.” Soon we were crunch crunchcrunching our way home. I was a little behind the group when we approached a crossroads. And I noticed a set of animal tracks I didnt recognize, so I followed them for a closer look.注意：1续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式作答。I looked up when I suddenly realized how quiet it ha
45、d gotten._As going worriedly I heard voices, someone calling far away._【参考范文】I looked up when I suddenly realized how quiet it had gotten. “Where is everyone？” I shouted. Nothing. “They couldnt have gone far. Ill catch up if I hurry.” I comforted myself. After a short walk, I came to the crossroads
46、where I could turn left or go straight, but both trails had red markers. I turned to the left which looked familiar. Unfortunately, it got quieter and quieter. Soon it might be too dark to tell what color the markers were. What if I couldnt find my way back?As going worriedly I heard voices, someone
47、 calling far away. Following the voices, I noticed the stone wall, the trail running alongside it. It must be right way back! I rushed downhill with big steps. Then, I saw the parking area, and my family! I shouted as I ran toward them. “Luke? Are you OK？” The voice of Dad was urgent. Id only been lost for minutes, but it seemed like forever. Now all I wanted was a bear hug from Dad and to make tracks for home.