1、2015高考英语译林江苏一轮教材全解：B7 U4.重点单词识记1convey /knveI/ vt.运送，输送；表达2postpone /pspn/ vt.延迟，延期3section /sekn/ n部分；部件；部门4undertake /ndteIk/ vt.& vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应5authority /rtI/ n权力，权威；官方，当权者；批准，授权6enlarge /Inld/ vt.& vi.扩大，扩展，增大7anniversary /nIvsrI/ n周年纪念日8growth /r/ n增加，增长；成长，生长9punctual /pktl/ adj.准时的，守时的10ari
2、se /raIz/ vi.出现，产生11pedestrian /pdestrIn/ n行人，步行者；adj.行人(使用)的12aggressive /resIv/ adj.好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的13crash /kr/ n& vi.& vt.撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃14fine /faIn/ vt.处以罚金15drunk /drk/ adj.喝醉的；n.醉汉，酒鬼16unbelievable /nbIlivbl/ adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的believe v相信；认为belief n看法，信念17enquiry /InkwaIrI/ n询问，咨询；调查，查究，探
3、究enquire v询问，打听18annual /njl/ adj.每年的，一年一次的annually adv.一年一次地19detail /diteIl/ n具体情况，详情，细节detailed adj.详细的，细致的20departure /dIpt(r)/ n离开，出发；背离，违反depart v离开，出发21load /ld/ n负荷，负载；大量，许多；vt.装载，装上，装入unload vt.卸货.重点短语识记1drop off中途下客或卸货2link up联合，连接3at (.) intervals每隔距离或时间4break out突发，爆发5make out辨认出；理解，明白；假
4、装6put through给某人接通(电话)；使经历7decide on/upon决定，选定8put off推迟，推延；使反感9turn up出现，到来；调高(音量等)10fill in填写(表格)；消磨(时间)11a handful of少数的，少量的12split up分组，分解；分离13speed up(使)加速14arise from起因于，由引起15apply to适用于.经典原句默写与背诵1However，most trains to London only went to the outer city limits，because building railway tracks
5、into the city would have damaged many old buildings.但大部分通往伦敦的火车只到外伦敦的边界，因为在市区修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。2As better ways for digging tunnels were developed，the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.随着先进的挖掘隧道方法的改进，第一条在泰晤士河下的铁路隧道于1884年开始动工。3Having seen the situation，a wealthy American businessm
6、an，Charles Yerkes，undertook the job of improving the system in 1902.看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程4What do you think it was like travelling on it 100 years ago?你认为100年前坐上它(地铁)旅行会怎么样呢？1Customers are advised to make a reservation(reserve) in advance.2Unfortunately(fortunate)，his mother died
7、when he was very young.3Although I have much belief in him，I dont believe this story.He is always telling us unbelievable(believable) things.4He got dead drunk(drink) on only two cans of beer.5The school trip has become an annual(annually) event.6He was fined(罚款) 200 dollars for violation of the tra
8、ffic regulations.7Lets postpone(延迟) making a decision until we have more information.8The work was undertaken(从事) by members of the committee.9At that time，I found it hard to convey(表达) my feelings in words.10When I reached the port，the workers were loading(装载) the ship with rice.1 convey sth.to sp.
9、运送某物到某处convey sth.to sb.向某人表达/传递convey ones feelings/meanings表达某人的感情/意思The message conveyed here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”这里传达的信息很清楚，即：行动比语言有力。(2013江苏书面表达)When I returned home，I tried to convey the wonder of this machine to my husband.回到家后，我竭力地想把这台机器的精妙之处描述给丈夫听。特别提醒convey后一般不能接副词ba
10、ck，该词多用来指传递思想、感情、信息、观点、印象等。夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)Please convey my best wishes to her.(2)I find it hard to convey my feelings in words.2undertaken./pron.承担undertake to do.着手做，答应做undertake for.为负责Ill leave you to undertake an important mission.我要让你承担一项重要使命。She undertook responsibility for the changes.她承担了这些变
11、革的责任。夯实基础同义句改写He undertook that he would finish the job by Friday.(改为简单句)He undertook to finish the job by Friday.3 arise vi.起立；发生(happen)；产生；出现(start to exist)；(由)引起；(因)产生(happen as a result of.arise from起因于；由产生When I arose from the chair，my father and Eleanors father were in deep conversation.当我从椅
12、子上站起来时，我父亲和埃莉诺的父亲谈兴正浓。特别提醒arise作“出现，发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词argument，problem，quarrel，movement等。词义辨析arise，rise，raise(1)arise不及物动词，意为“出现；发生”。(2)rise不及物动词，意为“上升；起床；升起”，说明主语自身移向更高的位置。(3)raise及物动词，意为“抬高；提高”，说明主语的动作作用于其他事物。夯实基础用arise，rise，raise的适当形式填空(1)He raised his voice so as to be heard by the audience.(2)The
13、river has risen by several meters.(3)The problem may not arise，but theres no harm in keeping our powder dry.4take a load off ones mind卸下心上的重负have a load on ones mind放心不下loads ofa load of许多load.with.用装载be loaded with负载The good news has taken a load off my mind.这条好消息使我如释重负。How long will it take to loa
14、d the coal onto the truck?装这车煤需要多长时间？夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)The news took a load off my mind.(2)He didnt want to be loaded with any new impressions.单项填空1Words failed to my feelings the moment I saw my longlost sister.Acontrol BconveyCexchange Daffect答案B解析句意为：当我看到失散多年的妹妹时，语言无法表达我的感情。convey传达，表达，符合句意。2That is
15、 one of the most challenging engineering projects they have ever .Aundertaken BunderstoodCfocused on Dpaid to答案A解析句意为：那是他们从事过的最具挑战性的工程项目之一。undertake承担，从事，符合句意。3He early the next morning，finding the brook one foot.Araised；raised Barose；had raisedChad arisen；risen Drose；had risen答案D解析表示“起床”时，用rise；河水的
16、上涨也用rise表示。4The workers are the truck with baskets.Aloading BcarryingCmixing Dthrowing答案A解析句意为：工人们正在把筐装到卡车上。load.with.用装载，符合句意。5We had to our visit to the pyramids because we didnt have enough time to see them before we left Egypt.Aprohibit BpostponeCpredict Dpreserve答案B解析prohibit禁止，阻止；postpone推迟，延迟
17、；predict预测，预言；preserve保护，保存。选B项符合句意。.汉译英1这场争吵是由于何种原因引起的？(arise)How did this quarrel arise?2这幅画所传递的信息很清楚。(convey)(2011北京开放作文)The message conveyed in the picture is clear.1Wed better speed up if we want to be there on time.2Please decide on a day to have a party.3There are more and more family problem
18、s arising from lack of communication.4He promised that he would come，but he hasnt turned up yet.5Dont put off until tomorrow what can be done today.1be linked to与有关联link with联接起来，联系在一起link up with与联合(汇合，碰头)link.to.把与连接或联系起来The two spacecraft will link up in orbit.两艘宇宙飞船将在轨道上对接。夯实基础完成句子(1)The road li
19、nks all the new towns.这条路把所有的新城镇连接在一起。(2)The poet links the human heart to the life of the earth.那位诗人把人的心脏同地球的生命联系起来。(3)We link up with the company.我们与这个公司携手合作。2decide to do.决定做decide sb.to do.使某人决定做decide against决定不make a decision to do.下决心做The event decided me to resign.这件事使我下了决心辞职。We havent decid
20、ed on a price but were open to offers.价钱未定，欢迎顾主开价。夯实基础同义句改写The girl decided against marrying the doctor.(用不定式改写)The girl decided not to marry the doctor.3put away把收起来，放好；储存put back放回原处；耽搁put down放下；写下，记下；镇压put forward提出(意见、建议等)put up建造，搭建；举起；留宿；提高；张贴；提出(意见等)put up with忍受，忍耐put on穿上；上演put out熄灭put th
21、rough接通(电话)In Picture 1，a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps，but in vain.在第一幅画中，一个男子试图把一面横幅标语挂在一棵被树桩包围的树上，但没有成功。(2013江苏书面表达)夯实基础翻译句子他把看牙医的事一拖再拖。He keeps putting off going to the dentist.4turn away打发走；禁止入内turn around翻身，转身turn down拒绝；调小turn into变成turn out生产；结果是；证明是t
22、urn over移交turn on/off打开/关掉turn to sb.向某人求助Some allA students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were expected.学校里一些优秀学生踏入社会后不像人们预料的那么成功。(2011陕西书面表达)夯实基础用含有turn的短语填空(1)She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall.(2)I would，indeed，turn the evidence over to t
23、he police.(3)New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.(4)Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems.(5)If nothing is done，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.5at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速at a speed of
24、以速度pick up speed/gather speed加速slow down减速Even worse，if there were no change about that，diseases would spread at a very quick speed.更糟的是，如果没有变化，疾病就会快速蔓延。夯实基础完成句子(1)Mark neednt have hurried.After driving at top speed(以最高速)，he arrived half an hour early.(2)The police car is running at a speed of(以速度)
25、100 miles per hour to chase after the truck ahead of it.(3)The car slowed down(减速) as they passed Customs.单项填空1The television screens of the next century to an emerging world telecommunications grid.Awill link up Bwill be linked upCwill be linking up Dlinked up 答案B2How exciting！I drove my new car a
26、speed of 110 km/h on Sunday morning.Afor BatCin Don答案B解析at a speed of以的速度，为固定搭配。3We must a topic before we start to write.Adecide between Bdecide toCdecide on Ddecide against答案C解析句意为：在开始写作之前我们必须先选定一个主题。decide on确定，选定，符合语境。decide between在之间作出选择；decide to决定做；decide against决定不用(做)。.汉译英1我们必须加快经济改革的步伐。(s
27、peed up)We must speed up the pace of our economic reform.2但是它们同样会引起一些像空气污染和交通堵塞等这样的问题。(traffic jams)(2011江西书面表达)However，they also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.选择括号内的短语动词填空1The sound of the happy laughter called up(call for/call up) memories of his childhood.2This group
28、 of designers draw up (drew up/set up)a plan for the project of the company.3A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to(get across to/make sense to) the listeners what he means.4Todays children are raised in a way that is totally different from how their parents were brought up(bring on/b
29、ring up)5I have set down(set out/set down) everything that happened，as I remember it.So，why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today？所以，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观赏一番呢？(1)why not有三重含义：表示对否定陈述的回答“为什么不；为什么是那样？”；表示建议“为什么不干呢？做如何？”；表示同意“当然可以，好啊”。why not跟不带to的动词不定式，用来提出建议，表示“为什么不”，即Why not do.？Why do
30、nt/wont you do.？(2)Why do.？用来提出批评，表明做某事是愚蠢的或无意义的。(3)Why so？为什么那样？(4)Why is it that.？是因为什么？We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.Yes，why not？Ill give them a call right now.我们可以邀请John和Barbara参加星期五的晚会。好啊，为什么不呢？我立刻给他们打电话。Lets go to see the movie.Why not?我们去看电影吧。好啊。夯实基础同义句改写Why wont
31、you come and join us in the game？(改为省略句)Why not come and join us in the game?.单项填空1Now that you are free， go to the cinema with me?Awhy dont Bwhy not toCwhy do you Dwhy not答案D解析句意为：既然你没什么事做，为什么不跟我一起去看电影呢？提出建议应用Why dont you do sth.？或Why not do sth.？。2Lao Li，you were late for the meeting and our boss
32、got very angry.Sorry，but I was for 20 minutes on the way here in the traffic jam.Aheld up Bput upCtaken up Dgiven up答案A解析考查动词短语的辨析。句意为：老李，你开会迟到，老板很生气。很抱歉，但在来这儿的路上交通拥堵耽搁了二十分钟。表示“耽搁”用hold up。put up建造，张贴；take up占据；give up放弃，都不符合句意。3Figuring out your passion lies will help you become successful.Awhere B
33、in whichCthat Dhow答案A解析句意为：弄清楚你的热情在哪里，会帮助你获得成功。分析句子结构知从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where。4The education program combining brain work with manual labor is being widely spread throughout the country.Ato aim at Baims atChaving aimed at Daimed at答案D解析分析句子成分可知，该句主干为The education program is being widely spread throughout
34、 the country.，题干中的“aimed at combining brain work with manual labor”为主语的后置定语，这里的aimed at可以被看作“(that/which is) aimed at”的省略形式。5 I feel pity on hurricane victims in America，I cant really do very much to help them but contribute my pocket money.AAs long as BWhenCWhile DEven答案C解析考查连词。句意为：尽管我对美国的飓风受害者表示同情
35、，但我真的不能做多少事情来帮助他们，只有捐助我的零花钱。while表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。6When you a form，please write information in the spaces on it.Afill in Bfill withCfill up Dfill of答案A解析句意为：当你填写表格的时候，请在上面的空格中填写信息。fill in填写(表格)；fill with充满；fill up装满；没有fill of这种搭配。由句意知选A项。.汉译英开车的时候，你应该系上安全带。(whiledoing省略结构)While driving，you should wea
36、r your seat belts.1Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can almost every word her teacher says.(2012新课标全国，27)Aput out Bput downCput away Dput together答案B解析put out熄灭；put down写下，记下；put away放好，储存；put together组合，放在一起。句意为：玛丽的确擅长在课堂上记笔记，她几乎能记下老师说的每句话。故选B项。2Armed with the information you have g
37、athered，you can preparing your business plan.(2012浙江，15)Aset out Bset aboutCset off Dset up答案B解析句意为：有这些你所收集的信息，你可以着手准备你的商业计划了。set about doing sth.开始做，着手做，符合句意。set out to do sth.着手；set off出发；set up建立，均不符合语境，故排除。3Rod loves clocks. However，he never manages to put them together again.(2012辽宁，26)Ataking
38、apart Bgiving awayCmaking up Dturning off答案A解析take apart拆开。句意为：Rod喜欢拆钟表，然而他无法把钟表再安装起来。give away分发，捐赠，泄露；make up弥补，占据；turn off关闭。4They are broadening the bridge to the flow of traffic.(2011山东，25)Aput off Bspeed upCturn on Dwork out答案B解析句意为：他们正拓宽桥面来加快车流速度。put off推迟，推延；speed up加快速度；turn on打开，接通，取决于；wor
39、k out算出，弄懂，产生结果。由题意知选B项。5The questionnaire takes ten to fifteen minutes to complete and can be used along with the assessment interview.(2009湖北，28)Amainly BpunctuallyCapproximately Dprecisely答案C解析mainly主要地；punctually准时地；approximately大约；precisely精确地，确切地。由句中的ten to fifteen minutes可知，此处是“大约”估计的时间而不是确切的
40、时间。故选C项。6He says that my new car is a of money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes？(2009山东，29)Alack BloadCquestion Dwaste答案D解析句意为：他说我的新车只是在浪费钱而已。难道你不觉得那些话有吃不着葡萄说葡萄酸的感觉吗？本题考查名词词组在具体语境中的用法辨析。a lack of缺乏；a load of大量，许多；a question of 的问题；a waste of浪费。【2015高考复习】书面表达随着人民生活水平的不断提高，越来越多的人加入了“有车一
41、族”，可是随之而来的不便和污染也越来越明显。各大城市均饱尝了堵车之痛。北京市也在广泛征集治堵良方，请根据下面图中的相关信息，结合自己的理解，写一封倡议书，表达一下自己的观点，倡导绿色出行。词数100左右。Lets Go Cycling!As is depicted in the picture above，we can see that the streets are filled with so many cars that the traffic jams happen very frequently，which has very bad influence on the life of
42、the people._【参考范文】Lets Go Cycling!As_is_depicted_in_the_picture_above，we _can _see_ that_ the_ streets_ are_ filled_with_so_many_cars_that_the_traffic_jams_happen_very_frequently，which_ has_ very _bad _influence _on_ the_ life_ of_ the_ people.Nowadays we Chinese people are living a comparatively ri
43、ch life.People buy cars to go out very conveniently.But what we have to mention is that so many cars on the road might not be a good thing for the city traffic.Sometimes it is easy to get jammed.Always using cars is not good for health and it produces to some degree air pollution.The bicycle is a Ch
44、inese traditional stereotype.Many people like to go cycling.Cycling is recreation，a sport，and a means of transport.The bicycle is an efficient means of transportation.In fact，cycling is more efficient than any other method of travel！It is absolutely an energysaving means of transportation.Lets go cycling!