1、2015高考英语人教一轮复习【话题阅读与写作】第一节【话题阅读】时文报道第一节话题阅读时文报道 5年真题拓展训练阅读理解How Many Lies Do the Children Tell You?Mothers who feel their children don t appreciate them can add another grievance to the list: half the time, their children are lying to them. A study designed to expose the truth about lying shows that
2、 undergraduates lie to their mothers in 46% of their conversations. Still, mums should feel better than total strangers, who are told lies an astonishing 77 % of the time. Bella Depaulo and a team of psychologists from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, asked 77 undergraduates to keep a re
3、cord of all their conversations for a week, and write down whether they lied at any time. DePaulo named lying broadly, as when you intentionally try to mislead someone, so she would catch the smallest of lies. The students told an average of two lies a day. They said they had been studying when they
4、 had been out drinking. One told his parents that a textbook cost $50 rather than $20 so that they would send him extra money. Female students constantly told their plain-looking roommates that they were pretty. They are everyday lies, says DePaulo. DePaulo and her colleagues conclude that people te
5、nd to tell fewer lies to those they feel closest to. College students lied to their best friends 28% of the time but lied to acquaintances 48% of the time. In close relationships, people were more likely to tell kind-hearted lies, designed to protect feelings, rather than self-serving lies. Romantic
6、（浪漫的）partners lie somewhere between close friends and acquaintances. Students lied to romantic partners about a third of the time. DePaulo thinks that unmarried lovers can expect less honesty than best friends because of the insecurity that comes with romance. Mothers can take heart from one other f
7、inding. They may have been lied to, but at least their children talked to them. The students were recorded telling few lies to their fathers because they had little interaction with them. 1. What is the meaning of the underlined word grievance in Paragraph 1?A. opinion. B. complaint. C. belief. D. d
8、ifficulty. 2. According to the passage, college students felt closest to _ . A. mothers B. best friends C. acquaintances D. romantic partners3. Female students lied to their roommates to .A. get money from them B. offer them the servicesC. gain more security D. make them happy4. What is the purpose
9、of this article?A. To present a fact. B. To argue an idea. C. To tell a story. D. To explain a theory. 【参考答案】14、BBDA【原题体验】(2010课标全国阅读理解B)EDGEWOODEvery morning at Dixie Heights High school，customers pour into a special experiment：the districts first coffee shop run mostly by students with special lea
10、rning needs.Well before classes start，students and teachers order Lattes，Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates.Then，during the first period，teachers call in orders on their room phones，and students make deliveries.By closing time at 920 am.，the shop usually sells 90 drinks.“Whoever made the chi tea，Ms.Scha
11、tzman says it was good，”Christy McKinley，a second year student，announced recently，after hanging up with the teacher.The shop is called the Dixie PIT，which stands for Power in Transition.Although some of the students are not disabled，many are，and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.
12、They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs.They keep a timecard and receive paychecks，which they keep in check registers.Specialeducation teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in
13、 Georgia.Not that it was easy.Chevaliers first problem to overcome was productrelated.Should schools be selling coffee？What about sugar content?Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped.She made sure all the drinks，which use nonfat milk，fell within nutrition(营养) guidelines.The whole sch
14、ool has joined in to help.Teachers agreed to give up their lounge(休息室) in the mornings.Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall.Business students designed the paychecks.The basketball team helped pay for cups.59What is the text mainly about?AA bestselling coffee.BA special educational p
15、rogram.CGovernment support for schools.DA new type of teacherstudent relationship.答案B解析主旨大意题。由文章第一段和第五段可知，文章主要谈到的coffee shop实际上是一个特殊的教育项目。故选B项。60The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to_.Araise money for school affairsBdo some research on nutritionCdevelop students practical skillsDsupply te
16、achers with drinks答案C解析推理判断题。由第五段中的“.and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.”可推知，此项目引进的目的是发展学生的实践技能。61We know from the text that Ginger Gray_.Amanages the Dixie PIT program in Kenton CountyBsees that the drinks meet health standardsCteaches at Dixie Heights High SchoolDowns the sc
17、hools coffee shop答案B解析推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的“She made sure all the drinks，which use nonfat milk，fell within nutrition(营养) guidelines.”可知B项正确。【原题拓展训练】.完成这篇文章的文脉构架图.信息句与长难句分析1(60题信息句) Although some of the students are not disabled，many are，and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.分析：although引
18、导让步状语从句，and连接两个并列句；前一个分句承前省略了表语disabled，后一个分句含有help sb.do sth.(帮助某人做某事)的结构；介词短语after high school作定语，修饰life。翻译：尽管一些学生没有残疾，但大多数是残疾人；PIT会帮助他们学会高中毕业后如何生活。2(61题信息句) She made sure all the drinks，which use nonfat milk，fell within nutrition(营养) guidelines.分析：谓语made sure后省略了连接代词that，后面是一个宾语从句all the drinks f
19、ell within nutrition guidelines；在主语和谓语中间，插入了一个非限制性定语从句which use nonfat milk，修饰主语all the drinks。翻译：她确保所有的饮料没有加脂肪乳，遵循了营养指南。3“Whoever made the chi tea，Ms.Schatzman says it was good，” Christy McKinley，a second year student，announced recently，after hanging up with the teacher.分析：whoever引导让步状语从句；也可以换成no m
20、atter who；当whoever引导名词性从句时，不能与no_matter_who互换。翻译：“不管是谁沏的泰式茶，Schatzman女士都说很好”。二年级学生Christy_McKinley最近和老师通完电话后宣布。【真题精选对应训练】(2013北京阅读理解B)Tail SpinTwo dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park.The smaller dolphin，Grace，shows off a few of her tricks，turning around and waving hello to the crowd
21、.The most amazing thing about her，however，is that shes even swimming at all.She doesnt have a tail.Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005，she was fighting for her life.“Is she going to make it？” Her trainer，Abbe
22、y Stone，feared the worst.Grace did make itbut her tail didnt.She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.Over the past six years，she has learned to swim without her tail.Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down.Grace taught herself to move another waylike a
23、 fish！She pushes herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.The movements put harmful pressure on Graces backbone.So a company offered to create a manmade tail for her.The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldnt hurt h
24、er.The first time Grace wore the artificial tail，she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool.Now，she is still learning to use the tail.Some days she wears it for an hour at a time，others not at all.“The new tail isnt necessary for her to feel comfortable，” says Stone，“but it help
25、s to keep that range of motion(动作) and build muscles(肌肉)”Now，the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending.This month，Grace will star in Dolphin Tale，a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery.Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie.Many people travel from near and far to meet
26、her.Seeing Grace swim with her manmade tail gives people so much courage.60When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park，her trainer worried about her_.Aphysical buildBpotential abilityCchance of survivalDadaptation to the surroundings答案C解析细节理解题。第二段提到Grace失去了尾巴，由“When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean P
27、ark in December 2005，she was fighting for her life.”可知这只海豚生存下来的几率让人担忧。61A manmade tail is created for Grace to_.Alet her recover fasterBmake her comfortableCadjust her way of swimmingDhelp her perform better tricks答案C解析推理判断题。第三段提到Grace教会自己像鱼一样去游泳。再由第四段第一句“The movement put harmful pressure on Graces backbone.”及第四段第二句，一家公司为她设计人造尾巴以调整她游泳的方式，可知C项正确。62The story of Grace inspires people to_.Astick to their dreamsBtreat animals friendlyCtreasure what they haveDface difficulties bravely答案D解析推理判断题。由全文及最后一段提到“Seeing Grace swim with her manmade tail gives people so much courage.”可知该故事激励人们勇敢面对困难。