1、课时作业(十六)Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsSection Grammar主语从句(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！).用适当的连接词填空1_ interested me most was how the man escaped from Cuba and made his way to Miami.答案：What2_ her son came back safely made Mrs Wang feel relieved.答案：That3_ will be in charge of the project is quite im
2、portant.答案：Who4_one is the healthiest is uncertain.答案：Which 5_ Mr Green will return from China by plane hasnt been decided yet.答案：When/Whether6_ Bob got such important information is still a mystery.答案：Where/How/When7_ our brain works is being studied by the scientists.答案：How8_ Johnson gave up such
3、a good chance is still unknown.答案：Why9It was reported _ the two companies would carry out a project together.答案：that10It doesnt matter much _ you will come to the party or not.答案：whether11_ Tom moved to Canada suddenly remains a puzzle.答案：Why12_ caused him to be so angry made us curious.答案：What13It
4、is a great pity_you didnt go to Helens birthday party.答案：that14It is not clear_Michael will go camping on the weekend.答案：whether15_ concerns the boss most is how to improve customer service.答案：What.阅读理解Most people have experienced ostracism (孤立) as an observer，whether in school，at work，or among fami
5、ly or friends.Even the people who are not in trouble often couldnt keep calm when it comes to ostracism.And when a group ostracizes someone out of unkind reasons，others usually view it very negatively as unfair.However，outsiders may also judge (评判) ostracism to be acceptable，for example，when the per
6、son ostracized has behaved out of place.A research team from the University of Basel led by the psychologist Dr.Selma Rudert has now researched five studies.These studies are used to examine by what evidence people are influenced in such judgment situations.The number of volunteers in each of the st
7、udies ranges from 30 to 527.The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others，the person will be ostracized.We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.The researchers showed the volunteers various situations of ostracism.Imagine there were three stu
8、dents in a room.The ideas and suggestions from one of the students were regularly taken no notice by the other two.When the ostracized person was “different” from the other two，for example，outsiders judged the ostracism to be unfair.They were annoyed at the two students.However，when the group member
9、s were more similarsuch as all from the same country，the outsidersviewpoints changed.In this case，they thought the ostracized person was negative，and considered the ostracism on him / her was reasonable.“These studies are important for topics such as ostracism in schools or workplaces，” says Rudert.
10、When people are too heavily influenced by factors on the surface only and dont care actual information，it can quickly lead to misjudgments.“In fact，”says Rudert，“you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.”语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了群体内的相似性影响着人们对孤立现象的评判
11、。1What do outsiders think of ostracism?AIt is always unfair.BIt is unkind to others.CIt can be accepted at times.DIt can help people keep calm.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“.outsiders may also judge (评判) ostracism to be acceptable.”可知，旁观者有时认为孤立是可以接受的。答案：C2What can we learn from Paragraph 2?AThere are 2,785 volunt
12、eers totally in the studies.BThe ostracized people behave differently from others.CThese studies examine the evidence of peoples differences.DPeople are easily influenced by others when judging somebody.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others，the pers
13、on will be ostracized.We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.”可知，被孤立的人通常行为举止异于他人。答案：B3The outsiders showed negative opinions on the ostracized person when_.Athe person had annoyed themBthere were more similarities among themCtheir ideas were taken no notice by the per
14、sonDthey wanted to have no relationship with the person解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“.when the group members were more similarsuch as all from the same country，the outsidersviewpoints changed.In this case，they thought the ostracized person was negative，and considered the ostracism on him / her was reasonable.”可知，
15、当小组成员有相似之处的时候，旁观者不会同情被孤立的人。答案：B4Whats Ruderts suggestion on the ostracism?A. Giving support to the ostracized people.BPaying more attention to the ostracized people.CKnowing about the actual situation before judging.DAvoiding talking about ostracized people in schools.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“.you should alw
16、ays try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.”可知，Rudert建议人们在评判之前先了解情况。答案：C.完形填空I have been volunteering for three months so far.During the three months，Ive _1_ greatly in a very good way.I am always interested in _2_ people in need to get back on their feet.Si
17、nce I was little，Ive always asked my mom _3_ we could give homeless people on the street some _4_ so that they could eat.Although I always wanted to help people in need，I did not _5_ help until recently.Volunteering for Covenant House helped me _6_ a proactive (积极主动的) person.Instead of _7_ instructi
18、ons，I would step up and offer help.The homeless teens that I help come from _8_ backgrounds such as drunks and drug addicts.Rarely do these teens have _9_ parents.It may make you _10_ to hear that they grew up without parents _11_ them.If you take a minute to think about how you would live _12_ your
19、 parents，it would most likely be terrible.Before I started volunteering，I was not as _13_ as I am today.Now I feel thankful for having such wonderful parents because they give me such a great _14_.That makes me want to spread the love among the teens who never _15_ love.My main _16_ of volunteering
20、at Covenant House is to bring a smile to every homeless teen there and help them _17_ in life.I believe we all should help the ones that are less _18_ and put every effort into helping homeless teens _19_ a normal life.Homeless teens should be able to have an equal _20_ of being successful as everyo
21、ne else.语篇解读作者致力于帮助那些无家可归的青少年，希望可以让他们过一种正常的生活。1A.talkedBtraveledClost Dchanged解析：根据后文可知，作者的这次志愿活动让作者往好的方向“改变”了很多。答案：D2. Aurging BhelpingCtelling Deducating解析：根据后文的“people in need to get back on their feet”可知，作者对“帮助”别人感兴趣。答案：B3. Ahow BwhyCif Dwhen解析：作者问妈妈“是否”可以帮助那些无家可归的人。答案：C4. Abooks BgrassCclothes
22、Dfood解析：根据后文的“so that they could eat”可知，作者想要妈妈给那些无家可归的人一些“吃”的。答案： D5. Aactively BsincerelyCnecessarily Dhappily解析：根据后文的a proactive person可知，作者以前虽然想帮助那些需要帮助的人，但是并没有那么“积极地”帮助那些人。答案：A6. Asupport BbecomeCforget Dfind解析：根据“I would step up and offer to help”可知，这个机构让作者“成为”了一个积极主动的人。答案：B7. Aturning to Bgoin
23、g throughCwaiting for Dcaring about解析：作者成为了一个积极主动的人，所以不再“等待”帮助他人的指示，而是主动帮助他人。答案：C8A.wealthy BnormalCinteresting Ddifferent解析：根据“such as drunks and drug addicts”可知，这些无家可归的青少年来自“不同的”背景。答案：D9. Awise BlovingCcareful Drich解析：这些青少年之所以这样，是因为他们没有“慈爱的”父母。答案：B10. Asad BcomfortableCcrazy Dpleased解析：根据“they gre
24、w up without parents”可知，听到这个会让我们感到“难过”。答案：A11. Alearning from Blooking afterCthinking of Dlooking for解析：这里是指这些青少年没有父母来“照顾”他们。答案：B12. Aon BbeyondCwithout Dfor解析：根据后面的“it would most likely be terrible”可知，作者让我们想一想如果我们“没有”父母，会过一种什么样的生活。答案：C13. Astrong BkindChonest Dgrateful解析：根据“Now I feel thankful for.
25、”可知，作者以前没有像现在这样“充满感激”。答案：D14. Aname BcountryClife Dfriend解析：作者感恩父母给了自己这么好的“生活”。 答案：C15. Aexpressed BreceivedCunderstood Drequired解析：这里是指那些无家可归的青少年从来都没有“得到”过爱。答案：B16. Apurpose BgiftCproblem Dconcern解析：根据“.to bring a smile to every homeless teen”可知，作者的“目的”是希望可以让这里的孩子脸上有笑容。答案：A17. Amove BfollowCstay Ds
26、ucceed解析：根据下文的“.being successful as everyone else”可知，作者希望可以帮助这些小孩获得“成功”。答案：D18. Afriendly BfortunateCeducated Dhardworking解析：这里是指帮助那些没有我们那么“幸运的”人。答案：B19. Awant BaffordCgain Daccept解析：作者认为我们都应该来帮助这些无家可归的青少年“获得”正常的生活。答案：C20. Achance BresultCanswer Dplan解析：每一个小孩都应该有平等的获得成功的“机会”。答案：A.语法填空The Big Bang th
27、eory is sciences best explanation of how the universe began.The theory insists that our universe 1._(create) when a tiny and superhot mass exploded and began expanding very rapidly.It 2._(final) cooled and formed into the stars and galaxies(银河系) with 3._we are familiar.It is said 4._the event happen
28、ed approximately 15 billion years ago.The event of the Big Bang was space itself expandingperhaps at speeds 5._(great) than light.Since the late 1960s，the Big Bang theory 6._(be) the main explanation for the birth of our universe.Because 7._(physics) have not yet found a convincing theory that expla
29、ins how gravity operates，they are unable 8._(find) theories as to what happened after the Big Bang.At the very beginning，our universe may have been an object with nearlyinfinite density,9._perhaps something else.Our instruments and 10._(science) methods may need to be fully improved before any furth
30、er progress is made.1解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。universe与create之间是被动关系，且create所表示的动作发生在过去，故填was created。答案：was created2解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰cooled和formed，故填finally。答案：finally3解析：考查关系代词。此处为由“介词关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stars and galaxies(银河系)，因该关系代词在从句中作介词with的宾语，故填which。答案：which4解析：考查连接词。It is said that.意为“据说”，其中It是形式主语
31、，真正的主语是由that引导的从句。答案：that5解析：考查形容词比较级由than可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填greater。答案：greater6解析：考查现在完成时。由Since the late 1960s可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has been。答案：has been7解析：考查名词。设空处作主语，表示“物理学家”，又因谓语动词为复数形式，故填physicists。答案：physicists8解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。be unable to do sth.意为“没有能力做某事”。 答案：to find9解析：考查连词。由句意可知，an object with nearlyinfinitedensity与something else之间是选择关系，故填or。答案：or10解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰methods，表示“科学的”，故填scientific。答案：scientific