1、专题七定语从句(对应学生用书P219) 限制性定语从句(关系代词)1基本概念和引导词 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语位置：定语从句置于被修饰词(先行词)后关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as关系副词when，where，why2关系代词引导的定语从句用法基本方法：先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么看关系词在从句中所充当的成分先行词成分关系代词指人主who，that宾whom，who，that(可省)指物主which，that宾which，that(可省)She is the girl who/that lives next door.她就是住在隔壁的女
2、孩。The work that/which has just been finished is very important.刚刚完成的那份工作很重要。That is the book(that/which)I want to read.那就是我想要读的那本书。Thats the girl(whom/who/that)I teach.那就是我教的女孩。用法关系代词as的用法先行词既可指人也可指物在从句中作主语或宾语。先行词前有such或the same修饰We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂
3、里用的那种材料。(as作主语)This book is not such as I expect.这不是我期望的书。(as作宾语)I have the same book as he has.我和他有同样的书。(as作宾语)用法关系代词whose的用法先行词既可指人也可指物在从句中作定语，意为“的”whose名词the名词of which/whomof which/whomthe名词This is the house whose window was broken last night.This is the house，the window of which was broken last
4、night.This is the house，of which the window was broken last night.(注意等号后两个定语从句中的定冠词)这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。3只用that不用which的情况用法当先行词是不定代词all，little，few，much，everything，anything，nothing，none，some或被不定代词修饰时当先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时当先行词既有人又有物时Do you have an
5、ything that you want to say for yourself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？This is the very bus that Im waiting for.这就是我正在等的公交车。The only thing that we can do is(to)give you some money.我们唯一能做的事情就是给你一些钱。This is the best way that has been used against pollution.这是已经用过的抗污染的最好的办法。 “介词关系代词”和关系副词1介词关系代词用法关系代词的使用先行词指物时，关系代词用whic
6、h先行词指人时，关系代词用whomDo not refuse to help those with whom you are not familiar.不要拒绝帮助你不熟悉的人。Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。用法介词的确定方法根据定语从句中动词，形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定根据所表达的意思确定在非限制性定语从句中表“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时常用介词ofIn the dark street，there wasnt
7、 a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb.for help)在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。During those years they gave many concerts，at which they played all their latest hits.(人教5)在那段时间里，他们举办很多场演唱会，并且在这些演唱会上演奏了他们最新的音乐。They produced a new record in 1996，with which they celebrated their former time a
8、s a real band.(人教5)1996年他们出了一张新的专辑，以此庆祝前期真正的乐队时代。The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music，most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.(人教5)乐队成员除了表演音乐节目，还经常彼此打趣逗笑，他们的大部分音乐和玩笑多少有点模仿甲壳虫乐队。2关系副词用法where引导的定语从句where表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on.which”先行词为表地点含义的抽象名词situation
9、，case，position，point等，且从句缺少状语时，常用where引导定语从句Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.(福建卷)把孩子置于一个能使他们从不同角度认识自己的环境对他们有益。用法when引导的定语从句when表时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during.which”结构，先行词常为day，week，time等表时间的名词But it was there were many great philosophers.(外研5
10、)但这也是一个出现了许多伟大思想家的时期。Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when/during which the audience can buy icecream.在音乐会中间有个休息时期，在此期间观众可以购买冰淇淋。用法why引导的定语从句why表原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for which先行词必须是reason先行词reason如在从句中作主语或宾语，其后的定语从句用that或which引导This is Ive changed so much.3先行词the way后的定语从句用法若引导词在从句中作
11、主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词which或that引导。若从句缺少方式状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法(in this way)”时，用that或in which来引导It must be you write that leads to your ugly handwriting.一定是你写字的方式导致了你难看的书写。 you came up with at the meeting yesterday is well worth trying.你在昨天的会议上提出的方法很值得一试。 非限制性定语从句1基本概念和引导词用法功能：可修饰名词，也可修饰整个主句，对它们起补充说明作用。特点：用逗号与被修
12、饰的名词或句子隔开关系代词which，whom，who，whoes，as关系副词when，where，why2关系代词和关系副词的使用用法用来修饰名词的非限制性定语从句引导词在任何情况下都不能省略不能用that作引导词除上述两点外，和限制性定语从句的使用方法一样I want to buy a dictionary，which is valuable to my learning.(which不能省略)我想买本字典，字典对我的学习很有价值。This is New York，which I have visited for several times.(which不能用that取代)这就是纽约，我
13、来这里有好多次了。He had a lot of friends，none of whom would offer help to him when he was in trouble.他有许多朋友，但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮助。用法用来修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句which引导的定语从句，可修饰整个句子位置：放在主句后面意义：这一点，这件事as引导的定语从句，可修饰整个句子位置：主句前、中、后都可以意义：正如He was late again，which made the teacher very unhappy.(先行词为一句话)他又迟到了，这使老师很不高兴。Mike，as you know，is an honest man./Mike is an honest man，as you know./As you know，Mike is an honest man.如你所知，迈克是个诚实的人。用法定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词单复数与先行词保持一致先行词为“one of复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；先行词为“the(only/very/right)one of复数名词”结构时，从句谓语动词用单数形式