1、开封市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮训练（7）附答案阅读理解、专题训练(*)、议论文的阅读(*) 方法点拨议论文通常用来讨论一个观点或现象，其内容主要由三部分组成：论点，论据与结论。论点就是作者要论述的观点，是文章的主旨；而论据是用来证明论点的材料，也就是支撑论点的理由和事实。它可以是事例，理论，数据等等，结论则是论证后所得出的总结性观点。写作方法通常是：提出论点，分析或举例论证，得出结论。阅读议论文的方法：读者应该先搞清楚其结构。首先通过寻找短文的主题句来确定文章的主题，也就是论点。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。因此仔细阅读这类
2、文章或段落的首尾句是关键。在浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和末句。但注意，有些文章的主题句或者说“文眼”出现在文章的最后，此类文章往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳文章的主旨大意。找出文章的主论点后，还需进一步找出每段落的分论点，以免分论点与主论点混淆。 活学活用阅读下列文章，按要求完成读写任务Its natural that children are curious about the world around them.For example，they want to know how their h
3、earts beat.They want to know why the ocean water tastes salty.As children grow up，they become curious about different kinds of things.When they are babies，they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of the others.Then they become interested in the physical world around them：th
4、e plants，the animals，and the sky.Later they become interested in the things that people have made：wheels，bicycles，cars，etc.And when they are adults，their curiosity continues.Sometimes this curiosity leads to a career(生涯)in science.Scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world.Those
5、 who work with the earth sciences study the earth，the oceans，and the skies.Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.A third group of scientists study the physical science，e.g.physics and chemistry.These scientists have already discovered a lot about our world.For exa
6、mple，they tell us why your heart beats fast when you run.They say that when you are quiet，your heart normally beats sixtyfive or seventyfive times a minute.Your heart is a pump that pumps blood to all parts of the body.The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard a
7、nd use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen，too.So your brain sends a signal to the heart.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.Then the heart beats fast and sends blood quickly to the muscles.It may beat 90 to 140 times a minute.Of course，s
8、cientists cannot answer all of our questions.If we ask，“Why does the ocean water taste salty”，scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks.When a rock gets very hot or very cold，it cracks.Rain falls into the cracks.The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers.The rivers ca
9、rry the salt into the oceans.But when then we ask “What happens to the salt in the ocean？The ocean does not get saltier every year.” Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.We know a lot about our world，but there are still many answers that we dont have and we are curious.根据短文，写一篇3
10、0词左右的摘要_.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项1According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？_.APeople are curious in the same way.BPeople in different countries are interested in different things.CMen and women are curious about different things.DPeople of different ages are interested in different th
11、ings.2Scientists who work with the biological sciences study_.Athe earth，the oceans and the skyBmanmade thingsCplants and animalsDocean water3When you run，your muscles need _.Amore nutrition and oxygenBmore signalsCmore saltDwater4People are always curious because_.Athey cannot explain many thingsBt
12、hey know nothing about the worldCthey know little about the worldDthey want to be scientists5The passage mainly shows us that _.AScientists find out many things because they are curious about everything around themBwhat the people are curious aboutCeveryone has curiosity which makes the science deve
13、lop quicklyDSometimes scientists cannot answer all of our questions参考答案This passage tells us that everyone，either children or adults are curious about the world around them，which sometimes leads to a career in science and thus makes science develop by showing some examples.1解析：根据第二段可知。答案：D2解析：根据第三段“
14、Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.”答案：C3解析：根据第四段“The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition
15、and oxygen.”答案：A4解析：推理题，正因为不能解释，才会产生好奇。答案：A5解析：中心概括题。本文通过事例论述人们对事物的好奇推进科学的发展。答案：C*结束社会生活类-2012上海卷 (C)Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may expla
16、in why men are more likely to suffer from stressrelated disorders. Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fightorflight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight
17、”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fightorflight response, women often have another kind of react
18、ion which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from othersespecially other females (“befriend”) Scientists have long known that in the fightorflight react
19、ion to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones (激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tendorbefriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for
20、its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male
21、 hormones. In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost. The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently w
22、hen they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs. The differences in responding to stress may ex
23、plain the fact that women have lower frequency of stressrelated disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tendandbefriend regulatory (调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72. The UCLA study shows that in
24、response to stress, men are more likely than women to _. A. turn to friends for help B. solve a conflict calmly C. find an escape from reality D. seek comfort from children73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage? A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B
25、. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74. What can be learned from the passage? A. Male hormones help build up the bodys resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares m
26、ore about children than a father does. C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. How men and women get over stressB. How men an
27、d women suffer from stress C. How researchers overcome stress problems D. How researchers handle stressrelated disorders【要点综述】本文主要介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因以及如何克服压力。72. C细节理解题。根据第二段中While men often react to stress in the fightorflight response和they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”)可判
28、断男人更可能从现实中逃脱出来。73. D细节理解题。根据第三段中an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body.和While men also secrete(分泌)oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.可判断，激素扮演重要角色，但是男人也分泌oxytocin，但是影响打折扣。74. C推理推断题。根据第五段中The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differe
29、ntly when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work.推出在面对压力时，生理上的不同会导致行为的差异。所以选C。75. A主旨大意题。本文首先介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因，然后谈男女如何克服压力。*结束As a professor at a large American university，I often hear a phrase from students：“Im only a 1050.” The unlucky students are speaking of the score on the
30、Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)，which is used to determine whether they will be admitted to the college or university of their choice，or even have a chance to get a higher education at all.The SAT score，whether it is 800,1100 or 1550，has become the focus at this time of their life.It is obvious that
31、if students value highly their test scores，then a great amount of their selfrespect is put in the number.Students who perform poorly on the exam are left feeling that it is all over.The low test score，they think，will make it impossible for them to get into a good college.And without a degree from a_
32、prestigious_university，they fear that many of lifes doors will remain forever closed.According to a study done in the 1990s，the SAT is only a reliable indicator of a students future performance in most cases.Interestingly，it becomes much more accurate when it is set together with other indicatorslik
33、e a students high school grades.Even if standardized tests like the SAT could show a students academic proficiency(学业水平)，they will never be able to test things like confidence，efforts and will power，and are unable to give us the full picture of a students potentialities(潜力).This is not to suggest th
34、at we should stop using SAT scores in our college admission process.The SAT is an excellent test in many ways，and the score is still a useful means of testing students.However，it should be only one of many methods used.1.The purpose of the SAT is to test students_.A.strong willB.academic abilityC.fu
35、ll potentialitiesD.confidence in school work2.Students selfrespect is influenced by their_.A.scores in the SATB.achievements in mathematicsC.job opportunitiesD.money spent on education3.The underlined phrase “a prestigious university” probably means “_”.A.a famous universityB.a technical universityC
36、.a traditional universityD.an expensive university4.This passage is mainly about_.A.how to prepare for the SATB.stress caused by the SATC.American higher educationD.the SAT and its effects1.However，many of the young readers are getting interested in such poisonous reading，which costs them what they
37、should pay for their breakfast and brings them nightmares and immoral ideas in return.(完形填空第二段倒数第二句)然而，许多年轻的读者对这些有害刊物非常感兴趣，而这些刊物花掉了他们本该去买早饭的钱，反而给他们带来了噩梦和邪恶的想法。(1)I bought him a drink in return for his help.我请他喝酒以酬谢他的帮助。(2)On his return he reported his findings to the committee.他一回来就向委员会报告结果。(3)Have
38、you returned the novel to the library?那本小说你还给图书馆了吗？(4)We decided to return blow for blow.我们决定以牙还牙。2.The unlucky students are speaking of the score on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)，which is used to determine whether they will be admitted to the college or university of their choice，or even have
39、a chance to get a higher education at all.(阅读理解第一段第二句)这些不幸的学生正谈论他们SAT测试的分数，而这分数决定了他们是否能进入他们选择的高校，或有机会接受更高层次的教育。(1)Each ticket admits two persons to the party.每张票可供两人入场参加聚会。(2)He was admitted to hospital with minor burns.他因轻度烧伤而入院。(3)The school admits sixty new boys and girls every year.这所学校每年招收六十名男女
40、新生。(4)He admitted having stolen the car.他招认偷了那辆汽车。3.It is obvious that if students value highly their test scores，then a great amount of their selfrespect is put in the number.(阅读理解第二段第一句)很明显，如果学生重视他们的考试成绩，他们就对这些分数投入了大量的自尊。(1)Put in more water，will you?再加些水，好吗？(2)He put in a claim for 500 damages.他提出一项五百英镑的赔偿要求。(3)If youre writing to your mother，dont forget to put in something about her coming to stay.你要是正给你的母亲写信的话，可别忘了再加上几句请她来住几天。(4)Could I put in a word at this point?在这点上我可以说句话吗？答案.1.B2.A3.A4.D*结束