1、选修8Units 12真题在线(2012 江西高考) 某英文报社举办以“I Like Reading”为主题的征文活动，你打算投稿。请根据以下要点写一篇短文：1你为什么喜欢读书；2你喜欢读哪一类的书(例如：历史、科学、文学等)？请给出至少两个理由。注意：词数120左右。_佳作欣赏I think that reading is a must for people.By reading we can learn many things.I like reading very much for good books are my friends, which improve me and enric
2、h me when I was a little girl. I was interested in reading picture books on science and history.But as I get older, I like reading stories, especially short stories，for most of the stories will show me a lesson, thus making me wiser and wiser.While reading, I am absorbed in the story, as if I were t
3、alking with the heroes in the story, or as if I were wandering in the place described in the story.I really enjoy reading.精彩采撷高级词汇记住下列词汇的用法1enrich v丰富；充实2wander v徘徊；漫步3be interested in 对感兴趣4get older 变老5be absorbed in 全神贯注于；专心于佳句背诵背诵下列句子，并体会与佳作欣赏中相对应句子的差异I enjoy reading so much as to regard good boo
4、ks as my friends, which benefit me greatly when I was a little girl.Later on, as I get older, I appreciate reading stories, in particular, short stories.for I can gain some useful inspiration from the stories, thus making me wiser and wiser.Sometimes, while reading, I become so absorbed in the story
5、 that I seem to be talking with the heroes in the story.(对应学生用书第208页)单词速览 1.meansn 手段；方法2boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期3customs n. 海关；关税；进口税4occur vi. 发生；出现5indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示6luggage n. 行李7slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑动；滑倒8hire vt.& n. 租用；雇用9nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无10reform vt.& vi. 改革；革新 n. 改革；改造；改良
6、11grasp vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会12insert vt. 插入；嵌入13percentage n. 百分比；百分率14distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著15majority n. 大多数；大半minority n. 少数16straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的17undertake vt. 着手；从事；承担18breakthrough n. 突破19arbitrary adj. 任意的20obtain vt. 获得；赢得21attain vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)22f
7、orbid vt. 禁止；不准23accumulate vt.& vi. 积累；聚积24owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于25conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的26strike vi.& vt. 打；撞击；罢工27merely adv. 仅；只；不过28reasonable adj. 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的29differ vi. 不同；相异different adj. 不同的difference n. 不同；差异30resist vt. 抵抗；对抗resistance n. 抵抗；对抗【看单词，学构词】在15.majority中，ity为后缀，意思是“性质；状态
8、”，用来构成名词。再如：reality现实，ability能力，activity活动，possibility可能性，nationality国籍，disability残疾，minority少数，unity团结，productivity生产力，purity纯洁，quality品质，quantity数量，electricity电，simplicity单纯。短语快译1live_on继续存在；继续生存2make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等3back_to_back 背靠背4team_up_with 与合作或一起工作5mark_out 画线；标出界线6take_in 包括；吸收；欺骗；理解7
9、apply_for 申请；请示得到8pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清9cast_down 使失望；使沮丧10strike.into_ones_heart 使刻骨铭心11from_time_to_time 不时；偶尔12bring_back_to_life 使复苏；使复活13in_vain 白费力气；枉费心机14in_good/poor_condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏15owe.to. 把归功于句式构建1It is likely that.很可能However，It_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in Calif
10、ornia at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少15000年前就在加利福尼亚生活着。2Thats why.那就是的原因Thats_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天为什么还有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。3what从句作介词宾语Two centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South Ame
11、rica and along the northwest coast of what_we_now_call_the_United_States二百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多数地区以及现在美国的西北沿海。4whether.or无论还是However，scientists still wonder whether_cloning_will_help_or_harm_us and where it is leading us.然而科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类以及克隆技术将把我们引向哪里感到困惑。5Then came.为全部倒装语序Then came_the_disturbing
12、_news that Dolly_had_become_seriously_ill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。(对应学生用书第210页)1means n手段；方法(教材P2)Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。by any means无论如何；以
13、一切可能的手段by this means通过这种方法by means of用办法；借助by all means一定；务必；好的；当然可以by no means决不；一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)by every means用尽一切可能的办法(朗文P1416)The blocks are raised by means of pulleys.那些大块物件是借助滑轮吊起来的。You must finish the task on time by any means.无论用什么手段你必须按时完成任务。(2012全国卷)It is by_no_means clear what the pres
14、ident can do to end the strike.总统会采取什么措施来结束这次罢工还不完全清楚。By no means was he satisfied with the job and he asked us to finish the task by_all_means他对目前的工作一点也不满意，要求我们务必完成任务。2majority n大多数；大半(教材P2)Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Cath
15、olic religion to the natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。(1)the/a majority of名词，表示“大多数”。谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致。the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。(2)be in the/a majority构成大部分/大多数have a majority over sb.获得多于某人的(3)minority n少数in the minority占少数The majority were/was against the plan.大多数人反对这个计划。In the
16、city，Muslims are in_the_majority在这个城市里穆斯林占多数。Obama had_a_majority_over Mitt Romney and won the election.奥巴马得票多于米特罗姆尼，获得大选的胜利。3occur vi.发生；出现；被想到(2012广东高考阅读理解C)There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.过去，在我上下班途中发生过各种各样的悲剧。(1)It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人想起做某事(2)
17、occur to sb.被想到；发生在某人身上(3) 某人突然想起It never occurred to him that he would make such a great success in teaching career.他从来没有想到他会在教学事业中获得如此巨大的成功。A good idea occurred_to/struck/came_to me.我突然想到一个好办法。4undertake vt.着手；从事；承担；保证(教材P11)It is a difficult task to undertake.这是一项很难完成的任务。undertake sth.承担；接受；承诺做某事
18、undertake to do sth.同意、答应或着手做某事undertake that.保证We are supposed to undertake the responsibility to lead a lowcarbon lifestyle，which is of great significance.我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。He undertook_to_finish the job by Friday.他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。I can undertake_that you will enjoy the trip.我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。5forbid(
19、forbade/forbad，forbidden)vt.禁止；不准(教材P12)Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究。forbid sth./doing sth.禁止(做)某事forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事forbid that.禁止(常用shoulddo)Its forbidden to d
20、o sth.做某事是禁止的The school forbids the students to smoke/from smoking.学校禁止学生吸烟。Everyone is_forbidden_to_own a gun privately.不许任何人私自拥有枪支。The law forbids_building on farmland.法律不准在农田上搞建筑。6owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；应感谢(教材P13)You owe the lady an apology.你必须向这位女士道歉。(1)owe sb. sth.owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物owe.to.把归功于
21、owe it to sb. that.多亏某人(2)owing to因为；由于I owe you an apology for having been so rude to you last night.昨晚我太粗暴，应该向你道歉。The wellknown scientist always says that he owes_all_his_success_to the support of his family.这位著名的科学家常说他的成功归功于家人的支持。Owing_to_the_rain，the match was cancelled.比赛因下雨取消了。7strike n罢工 vi.&
22、 vt.打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划(火柴)；打动(教材P15).proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts.证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。【一词多义】写出下列句子中strike的词性及含义The clock has just struck 10.vt.报时It struck me that no one was at home.vt.突然想起He struck the table a heavy blow angrily.vt.打；击The girl struck a
23、 match and lit a candle.vt.划火柴She was struck by his kindness.vt.打动They have been on strike for several days.n.罢工A big earthquake struck the area last week.vt.袭击(1)strike.with.用敲打strike/knock against撞到上It strikes sb. that.某人突然意识到be struck by.深受感动；被打动(2)on strike罢工(朗文P2294)The victim had been struck w
24、ith some kind of wooden implement.受害人遭到某种木制器具的击打。It_struck_her_that losing the company might be the least of her worries.她突然意识到失去公司或许是她最不担心的一件事。Workers had been out on_strike for 8 months.工人已经罢工8个月了。考点拾遗8resist vt.抗拒；抵制；对抗；忍住(2012湖北高考完形填空)I was not strong enough to resist the offer.我不够坚定，抵抗不了他的好意。I
25、couldnt resist having a look at her diary.我忍不住看了一眼她的日记。1take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留(教材P8)Its a 79km roundtrip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。【一词多义】写出下列句子中take in的含义This is the total cost of the holiday，taking everything in.包括We are taken in by his promise of quick p
26、rofit.欺骗I dont take in what you are talking about.理解，明白He was homeless，so we took him in.收留；留宿take away拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等)take down记下来；拆掉take for (错)当作；(误)以为take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功take on呈现；雇用take over接收；接管；取代take up占去；占据；开始；从事A British newspaper says British Airways plans to take over Trans World Airway
27、s.一家英国报纸称，英国航空公司计划接管环球航空公司。My writing career took_off when I discovered my own style.找到自己的写作风格后，我的写作事业开始有起色了。In the past few years，the village has_taken_on a new look.在过去的几年，这个村庄呈现出了新面貌。2make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等(教材P2)Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for thems
28、elves despite great hardship.有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在了加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。come to life突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃live/lead a.life过着生活come back to life苏醒过来；恢复生气full of life充满生气make/earn a/ones living谋生for life终生，一生，终身to the life栩栩如生，逼真In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living，but to make a life.教育
29、不是为了教会年轻人谋生，而是教会他们创造生活。My parents are retired and now live_a_comfortable_life我的父母亲退休了，现在过着舒适的生活。I love to watch everything coming_to_life again in the spring.我喜欢看春天里万物复苏。3pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清(教材P11)But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe c
30、loning of Dolly the sheep.但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果克隆羊“多莉”。【一词多义】写出下列句子中pay off的含义Our plan certainly paid off；it was a great idea.取得成功They paid off their mortgage after seven years.偿清His design won the first prize in the competition.Years of patience and hard work had at last paid off.得到好结果pay f
31、or sth.付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价pay sb.for sth.因某事物给某人报酬pay back偿还(欠款)；报复pay out(为某事)付出大笔款项pay up(尤指不情愿地或迟迟地)付清欠款That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。If you dont work now，youll pay_for it later when you fail your exams.你现在不好好学，到考试不及格时就会为此而付出代价。Why is it always me who ha
32、ve to pay_out?为什么付款的总是我？1(教材P2)That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天为什么还有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。句法分析：这是一个复合句，why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language在句子中作表语。That is/was why.那就是的原因。That was why I cam
33、e early.那就是我早来的原因。It was raining hard then.That was why I was late.那时正下着大雨。那就是我迟到的原因。(1)Thats why.这就是为什么(why从句表示结果)(2)Thats because.这是因为(because从句表示原因)(3)The reason why/that/which/for.is/was that.的原因是(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。Tom
34、came late for the meeting.That_was_because he was ill.汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他病了。The_reason_why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.汤姆开会迟到的原因是因为他病了。2(教材P12)However，scientist still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.然而科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类以及克隆技术将把我们引向哪里感到困惑。句法分
35、析：whether.or意为“无论还是”常用来引导让步状语从句和名词性从句。Whether he will go there or not makes no difference.(主语从句)无论他去不去那里都没关系。Whether you like it or not，you must do it well.不管你喜不喜欢，你必须做好它。whether or not无论是否no matter whether无论(常引导状语从句)whether是否(一般只引导名词性从句)(朗文P2626)Maurice asked me whether I needed any help.莫里斯问我是否需要帮
36、助。I dont know whether_or_not_he_likes_it我不知道他喜不喜欢它。No_matter_whether it is for the old or the young，drinking a glass every day will make you very happy.无论老少，每天喝一杯都会让你非常高兴。.单词拼写1Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important _(方式) of transportation.2Such kind of things never_(发生) in a social
37、ist country.3The_(大多数) of the young people who are from Italy are learning Chinese in our school.4He_(不准) them from mentioning the subject again.5Dr Johnson_(承担) the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary last year.6The scientists have made a breakthrough in the research to_(抵抗) the dead
38、ly disease.7The clock _(报时) eight.【答案】1.means2.occur3.majority4.forbade5.undertook6.resist7.struck.选词填空make a life；keep up；team up with；mark out；take in；in vain；pay off；apply for1After marriage，the couple went to America and _ there.2A volleyball court had been _ on the grass.3The woman was _ by the
39、 businessmans offers of marriage and stupidly gave him most of her money.4If people dont learn from this，then his suffering and death were _5You must _ your old loan before you can obtain a new one.【答案】1.made a life2.marked out3.taken in4.in vain5.pay off.完成句子1学生们喜欢第一个的原因是他们可以随身携带。_ they can carry i
40、t with them wherever they go.2我要打电话叫医生来，不管你愿不愿意。Im calling the doctor，_【答案】1.The reason why the students like the first one is that2.whether you like it or not/whether or not you like it(对应学生用书第214页)名词性从句根据句意，用适当的连接词填空1Ill ask the teacher about the attributive clause.Im very puzzled about it.Thats j
41、ust _ most of our classmates have doubt.【答案】where2His father got him a job in a bank but soon it became clear _ he was not fit for that kind of work.【答案】that3He sold out all his stamps at _ he thought was a reasonable price.【答案】what4It is obvious that people hold different opinions about _ voluntary
42、 services should be financially rewarded.【答案】whether5Why do you think the film star is getting less popular?I guess the way she wears is _ annoys her fans most.【答案】what6More than 200 million people in China suffer high blood pressure，and 70% of them are unaware of the fact _ they have the illness.【答
43、案】that7There is much discussion about the question _ the rising food prices are affecting ordinary people.【答案】how8Mother made a promise _ whether I passed the College Entrance Examination，she would buy me a mobile phone.【答案】that话题(三十四)社会农民融入城市【写作素材】提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇或句型表达。1自从1978年改革以来，中国经历了移民大潮。_2据报道成千上万
44、的农民从农村来到城市。_3尽管辛苦，他们中的多数人都能适应城市生活。_4有些甚至申请到了城市居民权。_5他们通过努力工作为城市的繁荣做出了贡献。_【连句成篇】可选用even，by means of，despite等将以上句子连成一篇短文_【参考范文】Since the reform in 1978，China has experienced immigration movements.It is reported that thousands and thousands of farmers came from the countryside to the cities.The majorit
45、y of them can make a life in the cities despite great hardship，and some even have applied for right to live in the city.They have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard.话题(三十五)热点话题克隆【写作素材】提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇或句型表达。1很多人反对克隆人，甚至有的国家禁止科学家对克隆人进行研究。_2他们很沮丧，因为克隆人在道德上不合理。_3然而，
46、另外一些国家不同，他们支持医学克隆。_4事实上，很多国家都在进行着医学克隆，并取得了很大的突破。5因此，我们不能抵制它。_【连句成篇】可选用because，however，so等将以上句子连成一篇短文_【参考范文】Many people object to cloning humans，and some countries forbid scientists to do research into human cloning.They feel cast down because it is not morally reasonable.However，other countries quit
47、e differ.They are in favour of medical cloning.Actually many countries are undertaking it and have obtained great breakthroughs.So we are unable to resist it.课后限时自测(三十)(对应学生用书第393页)(建议用时：30分钟).语法填空Some humor can be cruel but some people seem to enjoy seeing other peoples bad luck at times.Perhaps it
48、 makes _1_ feel more content with our life because we feel there is someone else _2_(bad) off than ourselves._3_，some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings.Charlie Chaplin，the most famous actor _4_ the period of silent films，was such an actor.He was able to _5_(make) terrible situations funn
49、y and at the same time show the humanity and kindness that can be found in the most difficult circumstances.Take The Gold Rush for example.The film _6_(set) in California in the middle of the nineteenth century.Chaplin and his friend wash sand from the river in a pan of water._7_ they expect eagerly
50、 to find gold，they have not been _8_(fortune) enough to find any.Instead，they are caught in a snowstorm in a small wooden house，_9_(have) nothing to eat.They are so hungry _10_ they have to boil a pair of leather shoes and eat it.Chaplin seems to eat every mouthful with great enjoyment and makes it
51、seem to be one of the best meals he has ever had!1us根据后面的our life和we可知，此处应用us，作makes的宾语。2worse根据后面的than可知应用比较级形式。3However下文与前面是转折关系，故用however“然而”。注意首字母应大写。另外，此处不能用but，因为后面有逗号。4during表示“在期间”用介词during。5makebe able to后接动词原形，be able to do sth.“能够做某事”。6is setbe set in意为“以为背景”，本文通篇用现在时态，故此处用is set。7Althou
52、gh/Though句意：尽管他们迫切希望找到金子，但是，前后句之间为让步关系，故用although/though“尽管，虽然”引导状语从句。8fortunate此处所填词在句中作表语，故用形容词形式。9havinghave与句子主语they为主动关系，且have表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，故用现在分词作状语。10that此处考查“so形容词that.”结构。.阅读理解A team of Michigan State University(MSU) researchers has developed a new，more efficient way of cloning zebra
53、fish，a breakthrough that could have an impact on research into human health.Zebra fish are quickly becoming the animal of choice for many researchers.“After mice，they are the most commonly used vertebrates，that is，animals with backbones，in genetic studies，”says Jose Cibelli，the leader of the team.“T
54、hey are used in cancer and heartdisease research because they have many of the same genes as people have.”For more than 20 years，zebra fish have also served as an excellent model for understanding both normal development and birth imperfections.More recently，research with zebra fish has extended to
55、modeling human diseases.Traditional cloning uses an egg and a donor(捐赠者) cell.The DNA is removed from the egg and replaced by the DNA taken from the donor.The resulting fish is an exact genetic copy of the donor.In Cibellis technique，the egg is removed from the female zebra fish and placed in the ov
56、arian(卵巢的) fluid of a Chinook salmon，another kind of fish，before the donor cell is placed into the egg.The previous methods of cloning zebra fish had very low survival rates.With the new technique，the number of cloned fish is increased by 15 percent.What makes zebra fish so useful in research is tha
57、t their eggs are transparent(透明的)，making the fishs development easy to follow.Improving zebrafish cloning techniques is also important because currently the mouse is the only good model for genetic research.“So far the mouse is the only animal from which you can delete genes in a reliable way，”Cibel
58、li says.“What researchers do is mutate(使变异) a gene，destroy its function completely，and then study the consequences.”1. What do we learn about zebra fish from the text?AThey can be used to cure human diseases.BThey have been used in genetic studies for 20 years.CThey are the only vertebrates used in
59、cloning.DTheir survival rates are increased by the new method of cloning.【解析】根据第五段最后的“.the number of cloned fish is increased by 15 percent.”可以知道，这种新的克隆技术可以大大提高克隆斑马鱼的成活率。【答案】D2. Researchers choose zebra fish for genetic research because _Athey have the same genes as human beingsBthey are a kind of v
60、ertebrateCtheir genes can be changedDtheir eggs are easy to observe【解析】根据第六段的“What makes zebra fish so useful in research is that their eggs are transparent，making the fishs development easy to follow.”可知人们之所以选择斑马鱼进行基因研究是因为它们的卵是透明的，利于观察。【答案】D3If 20 zebra fish could be cloned by the previous method，h
61、ow many zebra fish can be cloned by the new one?A20.B23.C17.D15.【解析】根据第五段的最后一句话“With the new technique，the number of cloned fish is increased by 15 percent.”可知答案为B项。【答案】B4Whats the text mainly about?AHow cloning has developed.BA study of a new way to clone zebra fish.CA breakthrough in research into
62、 human health.DZebra fish，the best model for genetic research.【解析】通读全文可以知道，作者是在介绍一种比较新的克隆斑马鱼的研究，因此B项符合题意。【答案】B.阅读填句(2014吉林省实验中学模拟)The sea has always interested man. From it they can get food, minerals, and treasure._1_But he could not go far beneath its surface._2_ However, he is not a fish. He must
63、 breathe air, so he cant stay under the waters surface for any length of time. To explore deep water, man faces even more dangers and problems. A diver who wants to stay under water for more than a few minutes must breathe air or a special mixture of gases._3_He can carry a tank of air on his back a
64、nd breathe through a nose and mouth piece. Water weighs 800 times as much as air. Tons of water pushes against a diver deep in the sea._4_ When a diver is under great pressure, his blood takes in some of the gases he breathes. As he rises to surface, the water pressure less. If the diver rises too q
65、uickly, the gases in his blood form bubbles (气泡). The diver is then suffering from the bends (潜水病)The bends can cause a diver to double up in pain._5_AHis body is under great pressure.BScientists are trying to find more about the sea. CFor thousands of years, he could sail on it. DThey can even kill
66、 him. EHe can wear a diving suit and have air pumped to him from above.FThe water pressure can cause a diver to breathe with difficulty. GMan wants to explore deep into the sea.【答案】15C G E A D.短文改错(2014武安市二中模拟)Dear Linda，We have some excited news for you. Maria is going to have a baby! We dont tell
67、you right away. At first the doctor said she might have some trouble of the baby. Now he says she is just fine. She still works on his paintings every day. But she stopped from teaching her art classes. There is going to have another big change in our life. Were moving back to New York! Its very muc
68、h nicer to be near the families for something important like a baby. Maria grew up in Mexico，but she doesnt have a family here. So that makes even more important to us.Yours， Dick【答案】第一句：excited 改为exciting第三句：dont 改为didnt第四句：of改为 with第六句：his改为 her第七句：去掉from第八句：have改为be第十句：去掉very；families改为family第十一句：but改为and第十二句：makes后加you