1、山东（肥城市）2018高考英语阅读理解（一轮）精选精练题含答案（2017高考选练题）Many of the worlds countries have reached or are approaching zero population growth (ZPG).Nearly all such lands are economically well developed.They include much of Europe (including Russia)，the United States，Canada，Japan and Australia.As the rate of natural
2、 increase (RNI) declines，two things happen.First，the population begins to decline if the loss is not balanced by immigration.Second，a countrys population ages because there are fewer births.Is achieving ZPG good or bad？What happens when a countrys population begins to drop？Many people，after all，beli
3、eve that population decline is a good thing.But is it good for everyone？Does everyone agree?An aging population can create many problems.Senior citizens require more health care and medical attention.Rather than paying into retirement programs，they begin to draw from their pensions.In the US，the Soc
4、ial Security program，according to many experts，will be used up by 2018.It will pay out more money than it takes in.Additionally，a great number of jobs go begging in search of people willing or able to do them.Many of these jobs are entrylevel positions that pay low wages.With an aging population，who
5、 will fill them？At the other extreme，some positions require a large number of training and highly specialized skills.Who will fill these positions as retirees leave the workforce?The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple：increased migration.Today many people，particularly
6、those from less developed countries，are migrating in search of employment.Many are willing to take jobs that cannot (or will not) be filled by the domestic population.Others are well educated and highly skilled.Both groups contribute to a countrys economy progress in many ways.Further，they add to th
7、e richness of a countrys culture.Of greatest importance，perhaps，is the fact that they have become absolutely necessary to the economy of many lands.As you can see，for many countries and for most immigrants，migration is a winwin situation.1.In the writers view，which of the following statements is TRU
8、E?A.Not everyone agrees that achieving ZPG is absolutely good.B.Achieving ZPG is every countrys aim in spite of its side effects.C.Achieving ZPG is bad for senior citizens.D.Achieving ZPG is good for employment.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第三段的前两句话“An aging population can create many problems.Senior citizens requ
9、ire more health care and medical attention.”可判断，在作者看来，人口零增长对老年人不利，会带来许多问题。故选C。2.According to the passage，the best way to solve the problem of declining and aging population is .A.to improve the health care systemB.to increase RNIC.to increase employmentD.to increase migration答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的第一句话
10、“The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple：increased migration.”可知，本文提到的解决人口老龄化的问题的最好办法就是增加移民。故选D。3.The underlined words “the domestic population” can be replaced by “ ”.A.people within the countryB.people from developing countriesC.people without a college educationD.peo
11、ple living abroad答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的那句话“Today many people，particularly those from less developed countries，are migrating in search of employment.”及该短语所在句可知选A。4.The main idea of the last paragraph is .A.the advantages of increased migrationB.the problem of declining and aging populationC.how to incre
12、ase migrationD.some ways to enrich a countrys culture答案A解析段落大意题。通读最后一段，并根据该段的第一句话“The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple：increased migration.”和最后一句话“As you can see，for many countries and for most immigrants，migration is a winwin situation.”可知，该段主要是讲增加移民的优势。故选A。阅读理解。阅读下
13、列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014烟台3月诊断性考试】Fahad Azad，an engineer in India，invented a robot named DuctBot.The toycar sized DuctBot measured 23 centimeters in length,19 centimeters in width and 9 centimeters in height and weighs just two kilograms.The robot is designed to snake through dark，narr
14、ow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery，so it can be captured (抓拍) by a camera.In order to control it more easily，Mr Azad chooses to fix DuctBot on wheels.The robot can clean off lots of dirt，as well as dead pigeons and insects.Keep
15、ing indoor air in good quality and monitoring carbondioxide levels in buildings with central air conditioning is a challenge.It is important in some places where clean air can mean a difference between life and death，such as hospitals.Dirty air has a bad influence on peoples health.EPSCO，a Dubaibase
16、d company which specializes in improving indoor air quality，read about Mr Azads invention in a national newspaper after he had won an international robotics competition.EPSCO had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to do the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，
17、the task still falls to children.They are small enough to go through those ducts.In 2005，Mr Azad who was still at university decided to do something about it.Six years later his own company，Robosoft Systems，has Bluestar，EPSCO and the Indian Navy，some leading air condition makers，as partners.Mr Azad
18、and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots userfriendly enough.Mr Azad hopes that the robot could eventually be operated not by engineers but by workers.There will be lots of difficulties they ne
19、ed to overcome in the future.1What can we learn about Ductbot?AIt is a toy car and popular with children.BIt is designed to move like a snake in the ducts.Cmany LEDs are fitted on it to tell its location.DIt is actually a camera to capture dirty scenery.2The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer
20、s to “_”Athe cameraBthe conditioning ductCthe LED light Dthe dirty scenery3What can the Ductbot do for us?AClean off the dirt in the ducts.BControl the central conditioning.CReduce carbondioxide in buildings.DProtect more animals in city.4. According to the text，EPSCO_.Ahas won an international robo
21、tics competitionBhired children to clean the dirty ducts in the pastCis the only partner of Robosoft SystemsDspecializes in improving peoples health5What is the main idea of the last paragraph?AOnly engineers can operate the Ductbot now.BNew ways have been found to examine oil tanks.CAzads difficult
22、ies are impossible to overcome.DAzads team are working to improve their robot designs.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了印度的一名工程师发明了一种可以进入空调管道来清理空调灰尘的机器人。1解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.”可知，它像蛇一样在管道中行走。答案：B2解析：指代判断题。根据文章第二段第二句“A pair
23、of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery”并结合下文可推知，此处的it代指的是the dirty scenery，故答案D符合文意。答案：D3解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.”和第三段的第二句“The robot can clean off lots of dirt.”可知，这种机器人可以清理管道里的垃圾。答案：A4解析：细节理解题。
24、根据文章第四段的第二句和第三句“EPSCO had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，the task still falls to children”可知，EPSCO公司在过去经常雇佣小孩来清理管道垃圾。答案：B5解析：段落大意题。根据文章最后一段的前两句“Mr Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs t
25、o examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots userfriendly enough.”和整体理解可知，本段主要讲的是Azad团队正在致力于改善自己的机器人设计，故答案D符合文意。答案：D。.阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014山东省潍坊市五校联合高三下学期期中考试】At times my mom has been uncomfortable seeing these qualities in me.For ex
26、ample，when I was 12，I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer.My mom was extremely nervous about it.She kept telling me how things were different in Puerto Rico，to always put on sunscreen，not to wander away from my grandmother，and other warnings.She helped me pac
27、k and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.But despite her worries，she let me go on my own.As I moved into my teens，she continued to give me space to grow and learn，even when it might have been difficult for her.When I reached my senior year，I decided to move away for college.On
28、ce again I found that I differed from my peers：While many of them wanted to stay close to home，I couldnt wait to be out in the world on my own.While my mom may not have been happy at the thought of my going away，she was supportive and excited for me.One big thing I realized during my senior year，as
29、my mom granted me more freedom，was that she actually believes in me and trusts me.That means a lot.Most of my life，and especially when I was little，the main person I tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother.I knew she expected nothing but the best from me.Sometimes it was hard
30、 to live up to her standards；getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad because I knew she wanted me to have all As.I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused on whats important，like education，and made me who I am.I am thankful for her support and involvement in my l
31、ife.Most of all I respect her.She is the strongest woman I know and thats why I have turned out so strong and independent.1When the author decided to go to Puerto Rico，his mother_.Awanted to go with himBworried about his safetyCdidnt allow him to do soDasked his grandmother for advice2The author dec
32、ided to move away for college to_.Abe different from his peersBkeep away from his motherCbe independent in the outside worldDmake his mother unhappy3We can learn from the third paragraph that the authors mother_.Ahad a high expectation of himBwas too strict with himCused to expect nothing from him D
33、cared little about his learning4We can learn from the last paragraph that the author_.Ais quite grateful for his mothers trustBstill doesnt quite understand his mothers attitudeCdoesnt like his mothers involvement in his lifeDwishes to have more freedom from his mother5In the passage，the author main
34、ly wants to tell us_.Ahis long way to becoming independentBhis good relationship with his motherCthe importance of a mothers trust and supportDhis mothers deep love for him语篇解读作者做每一次决定时，母亲都会给予信任和支持，使作者最终变得强大、独立。1解析：考查细节理解。从文章第一段母亲的诸多叮嘱和警告可知，母亲为作者的安全担心。答案：B2解析：考查细节理解。从文章第二段倒数第二句中的“I couldnt wait to b
35、e out in the world on my own”可知，作者是想在外独立。答案：C3解析：考查细节理解。从文章第三段中的“I knew she expected nothing but the best from me.”可知，母亲对作者期望很高。答案：A4解析：考查推理判断。从文章最后一段最后三句话可知，作者对母亲给予自己的信任十分感激。答案：A5解析：考查推理判断。综合全文可知，母亲的信任和支持使作者能够独立而强大，因此可知，本文的主要目的是说明母亲对孩子信任和支持的重要性。答案：C。阅读理解。 Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to
36、 deceive (欺骗)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important in formation that should be included, he can give you a false picture. For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and
37、turned it in for on e hundred dollars!” This guys a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only on e was a winner. Hes really a big loser! He didnt say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. Thats called a half-
38、truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest. Some politicians often use this trick. Lets say that during Governor Smiths last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents(对手) says, “During Gover
39、nor Smiths term, the state lost one million jobs!” thats true. However, and honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smiths term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.” Advertisers(广告商) will sometimes use half-truths. Its against the law to make false statements so they try to misl
40、ead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company. This kind of deception happens too of often. Its a sad fact of
41、 life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.1. How much did the lottery winner lose? A. One hundred dollars. B. Two hundred dollars.C. Three hundred dollars. D. Four hundred dollars.2. We may infer that the author believes people should _. A. buy lottery tickets B. make use of half
42、-truthsC. not take anything at face value D. not trust the Yucky Company3. What do the underline words “net gain” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. final increase B. big advantage C. large share D. total saving4. What can we know from the example of the Yucky Pill advertisement?A. False statements are easy to see through. B. B. Half-truths are often used to mislead people.C. Doctors like to act in advertisements. D. D. Advertisements are based on facts.【参考答案】14、.A C A B