1、专题练习十六 阅读理解3A(2019唐山市高三第二次模拟)Environmental experts warn that our planet is drowning in plastic.The worlds cities produce 2 billion tons of trash every year. By the year 2050 that number is expected to rise to 3 billion tons. The World Bank estimates that the largest amount of trash today, about 44 p
2、ercent, is plastic. But we often have to buy packaged goods. And often that packaging is made of plastic.Now, that may be changing. A new environmentallyfriendly shopping model was recently launched at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. This shopping model, called Loop, aims to replace
3、throwaway containers with reusable ones.Loop is the idea of Terra Cycle, an Americanbased recycling company. Its chief, Tom Sztaky told the Associated Press (AP) that “removing plastics from the ocean is not enough.” He said the point is to get away from singleuse packages. Szaky said that Loop is t
4、he future of shopping. But it comes from an idea of the past.He compared it to the “milkman model” of the 1950s in the United States. Back then, someone brought milk to your doorstep in glass bottles and then left with empty bottles. These could be cleaned and used again. The result is zerowaste.Jen
5、nifer Morgan from the environmental nonprofit organization Greenpeace also joined in the discussion about Loop at Davos. She said that “Greenpeace welcomes the aim of the Loop Alliance to move away from throwaway culture and disposability.” But Morgan questioned whether companies worldwide are ready
6、 to change their business models.Loop is set to launch later this year in three eastern US states, and also in Paris, France and some of the surrounding area. Then Loop plans to expand to the US West Coast, Toronto, Canada and Britain by the end of this year or 2020.本文是一篇环境保护类短文阅读。文章主要介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的
7、“零浪费”购物模式。1What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?AProvide background information.BAdvocate zerowaste lifestyle.CExplain the reason for trash.DIntroduce a new topic.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The worlds cities produce 2 billion tons of trash every year. By the year 2050 that number is expected t
8、o rise to 3 billion tons. The World Bank estimates that the largest amount of trash today, about 44 percent, is plastic. But we often have to buy packaged goods. And often that packaging is made of plastic.”可知，世界上的城市每年产生大量的垃圾，并且其中最大的垃圾量是塑料，结合下文可知，作者写本段目的是为下文提出新的购物模式提供背景信息。故选A。2Where does the idea “L
9、oop” come from?AThe World Economic Forum.BDemand of some companies.CZerowaste model.DThe milkman model.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Szaky said that Loop is the future of shopping. But it comes from an idea of the past.”和第五段“He compared it to the milkman model of the 1950s in the United States. Back then, so
10、meone brought milk to your doorstep in glass bottles and then left with empty bottles. These could be cleaned and used again. The result is zerowaste.”可知，Loop购物模式的想法来自于过去“送奶工模式”，是一种零浪费的模式。故选C。3Which countries is Loop expected to expand to by 2020?AUnited States and Switzerland.BSwitzerland and Brita
11、in.CCanada and India.DFrance and Canada.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Loop is set to launch later this year in three eastern US states, and also in Paris, France and some of the surrounding area. Then Loop plans to expand to the US West Coast, Toronto, Canada and Britain by the end of this year or 2020.”可知，
12、Loop计划在2020年前将业务扩大到加拿大和法国。故选D。4What is the text mainly about?AA new shopping model.BThe development of future city.CThe worlds environmental issue.DThe concerns of future shopping.答案：A解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“A new environmentallyfriendly shopping model was recently launched at the World Economic Forum in D
13、avos, Switzerland.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的“零浪费”购物模式。故选A。B(2019山西省平遥中学届高三调研)No spacecraft will ever land on the sun. The sun is a flaming ball of gas that reaches thousands of degrees Fahrenheit. But next year, a ship from Earth will fly closer to it than any man made craft has flown before. The m
14、ission (任务) is a big development for scientists and, maybe, for everyone else.In September 2018, NASA plans to launch the Parker Solar Probe. After a journey of nearly 90 million miles, it will fly within 3.8 million miles of the sun. Within two months of launching, the probe is expected to reach th
15、e suns corona (日冕). Thats the suns outer atmosphere of gases.Getting there wont be easy. Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the suns heat has proved difficult. But that hasnt stopped engineers from trying. Temperatures in the corona can reach millions of degrees. The probe will limit
16、itself to regions where things get no hotter than 2,500. Thats still a heavy heat load for a spacecraft. But a 4.5inchthick heat shield (罩) will protect the probes camera and scientific instruments.NASA says the data the probe collects could provide knowledge into the physics of stars. Our sun is sp
17、ecial to us. But as a star, its rather common. So the better we understand how it works, the better we understand all stars of its mass and color.Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show us about solar storms. During solar storms, charged particles stream through the solar system. They
18、can disable communications satellites and shut down powder systems. One study has found that a very intense solar storm could cause up to $2 trillion in damage in the US alone. It could also black out the East Coast for a year.Understanding solar storms might allow us to predict them and protect our
19、selves. That could make even a mission with a billionplus price tag one of NASAs great bargains.本文是一篇科普文。文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局计划发射一个更能接近太阳的人造飞行器。1What can we learn about the probe?AItll fly closer to the sun than the previous ones.BIts the first man made instrument to fly to the sun.CItll get to the core
20、 of the sun in nearly two months.DItll fly about 3.8 million miles to reach the corona.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But next year, a ship from Earth will fly closer to it than any man made craft has flown before.”可知，此飞行器比目前任何人造飞行器更能飞行接近太阳。故选A。2What is the challenge for the engineers?ADirecting the probe to
21、collect data.BReducing the temperature of the probe.CBuilding a shield against the heat.DLimiting the probe to proper regions.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the suns heat has proved difficult.”可知，如何建造一个隔热板对工程师来说是一件具有挑战性的事情。故选C。3What might be the best title?AEx
22、ploring the stars BGetting close to the sunCDesigning a spaceship DProtecting the earth答案：B解析：主旨大意题。根据文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局计划发射一个更能接近太阳的人造飞行器，可以归纳出文章的题目Getting close to the sun最佳。故选B。4Where does the value of the mission lie?AMonitoring satellites.BExploring solar energy.CDeveloping scientific instruments
23、.DForecasting solar storms.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show us about solar storms.”可知，此任务的价值在于能够预测太阳风暴。故选D。 C(2019河北省六校协作体高三期中)In 2016, three viruses made news, and they present difficult problems for health officials in the New Year. One virus threatens b
24、abies in many parts of the world. Another has reappeared in an African nation. And a third is one of the deadliest viruses of modern times. The three viruses are Zika, polio and HIV. However, in 2016 scientists and researchers from all over the world worked to make progress against those viruses and
25、 to develop better ways to control them.The spread of the Zika virus caused public health officials in many nations to put in place strong measures to control its spread.Brazil, which hosted the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, was hit hard by the virus. Health officials warned pregnant women against trav
26、eling to the sporting event. Zika is usually a mild illness. It is so mild that most people who are infected do not know they have it. However, in the past two years in the Western Hemisphere, Zika has been linked to babies being born with extremely small heads. This condition is called microcephaly
27、. The international medical community found that this link to birth defects makes Zika a very dangerous virus.Zika first appeared in Uganda more than 60 years ago. It is spread by mosquitos and by sex. The virus recently appeared in Brazil. Then cases appeared in other countries to the North. Cases
28、were reported in the United States in the southern state of Florida. Health officials in Texas are also concerned the virus might be spreading there.Doctors can only advise women to be careful. They advise women not to travel to areas where the virus is spreading, to avoid mosquito bites or to delay
29、 pregnancy. Currently there is no vaccine against Zika. However, one could be available by 2018.这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了寨卡病毒的严重危害以及医生建议女性不要到有寨卡病毒的地方旅行，避免蚊虫叮咬，或者建议女性推迟孕期。虽然目前还未有寨卡病毒疫苗，但有望在2018年研制成功。1What is the best title of the passage?AThe virus of ZikaBThree viruses made the newsCThe cause of ZikaDThe cause
30、s of the three viruses答案：A解析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲了寨卡病毒的严重危害以及医生建议女性不要到有寨卡病毒的地方旅行，避免蚊虫叮咬，或者建议女性推迟孕期。虽然目前还未有寨卡病毒疫苗，但有望在2018年研制成功。故选A。2If a pregnant woman is infected with Zika , the result will probably be _.Athat she is dying soonBthat she will give birth to a dead babyCthat she will be seriously illDthat she
31、 will have a baby with a very small head答案：D解析：细节理解题。答案定位在第三段“However, in the past two years in the Western Hemisphere, Zika has been linked to babies being born with extremely small heads.”可知，怀孕的妇女感染寨卡病毒生出的婴儿，头会特别小。故选D。3All of the following are right except _.AHIV is one of the most deadliest virus
32、es of modern timesBMany countries have taken measures to control the spread of ZikaCPregnant women were forbidden to travel to the 2016 Summer Olympic GamesDPeople are not easy to feel infected with Zika in the very beginning答案：C解析：细节理解题。答案定位在第三段“Health officials warned pregnant women against travel
33、ing to the sporting event.”可知，卫生官员提醒怀孕女性不要去2016夏季奥运会的主办地，并不是禁止。故选C。4What will be possibly talked about after the passage?ASomething about the virus polio.BSomething about the virus HIV.CSomething about Brazil.DSomething about Uganda.答案：A解析：推理判断题。答案定位在第一段“The three viruses are Zika, polio and HIV.”可知
34、，文章介绍了三种病毒，分别是：寨卡病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒，所以接下来会谈论脊髓灰质炎病毒。故选A。D(2019辽宁大连24中高三模拟)When we go out traveling, we need either a map or GPS to point us in the right direction. But bumblebees (大黄蜂) have neither of these things, yet they still know the best route. Why is that?It turns out that these hardworking
35、little bees try many possible passages before picking out the best one and remembering it the next time they journey out. They learn from “trial and error”， according to a study by scientists from the University of London.We use it all the time in our daily livestrial and error is a helpful problems
36、olving method. It is the basic concept of “learning from your mistakes”. Most of the time, we fail on our first try, so we analyze the failure, make adjustments and try again. After repeating this a few times, we finally get things right.This might sound a bit tiring, but its certainly effective and
37、 it works for bumblebees.In the study, scientists set up five artificial flowers in a field. Each one of them was fitted with motiontriggered (运动触发的) cameras and had landing platforms with drops of sugar in the middle to attract the bees.At first, scientists noticed the bees flying routes were long
38、and complex. But after they gained enough experience, they gradually got to their destination quicker. Every time a bee tried a new route that was shorter than the route it had tried before, it was likely to use it again. Otherwise the new route would simply be given up and another one was tested.“T
39、he speed at which they learn through trial and error is quite extraordinary for bumblebees, as this complex behavior was thought to be one that only largerbrained animals have，” Professor Lars Chittka, leader of the study, told S.In fact, the smart bumblebees dont try every possible route. Normally,
40、 they would only try about 20 out of the 120 possible routes to visit the flowers.More interestingly, scientists found that if they removed a flower, bees would continue looking at that location, even if it has been empty for a long time. “It seems bees dont easily forget a fruitful flower，” Chittka
41、 said.本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是关于大黄蜂如何通过反复试验找到最佳路线的新发现。1The bumblebees are good at finding the best route because _.Athey have relatively smaller brainsBtheir body parts function like GPSCthey try out different routes and remember the best onesDthey take the trouble of testing every possible route答案：C解析：细节理解题
42、。根据第二段第一句“It turns out that these hardworking little bees try many possible passages before picking out the best one and remembering it the next time they journey out.”可知，大黄蜂善于找到最好的路线，因为它们会尝试不同的路线，记住最好的路线。故选C。2The author explains the bumblebees behavior of trial and error by _.Ausing numbersBmaking
43、a metaphor (比喻)Cmaking comparisonsDtalking about human behavior答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“We use it all the time in our daily livestrial and error is a helpful problemsolving method.It is the basic concept of learning from your mistakes. Most of the time, we fail on our first try, so we analyze the failure,
44、 make adjustments and try again. After repeating this a few times, we finally get things right.”可知，作者通过对人类行为的探讨，解释了大黄蜂的试错行为。故选D。3The study led by professor Lars Chittka suggests that _.Abumblebees try to keep their flying routes long and complexBevery new route the bumblebees take is shorter than th
45、e one they take beforeCbumblebees are familiar with every flying route they have taken beforeDscientists find it unbelievable that bumblebees learn from their mistakes so quickly答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第七段“The speed at which they learn through trial and error is quite extraordinary for bumblebees, as this co
46、mplex behavior was thought to be one that only largerbrained animals have，”可知，Lars Chittka领导的这项研究表明，科学家们认为大黄蜂从错误中学习的速度之快令人难以置信。故选D。4What is the main point of the article?ABumblebees are as smart as largebrained animals.BTrial and error is an effective way to solve our daily problems.CA new discovery
47、 about how bumblebees find the best routes through trial and error.DHow bumblebees remember the best routes，small as their brains are.答案：C解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“It turns out that these hardworking little bees try many possible passages before picking out the best one and remembering it the next time they jo
48、urney out. They learn from trial and error”可知，本文讲述的是关于大黄蜂如何通过反复试验找到最佳路线的新发现。故选C。E(2019邯郸市高三第四次月考)With the explosion of consumer choices in recent history, the latest musthaves would surely need to be upgraded more often than every 10 years. In 2002 a computer and basic mobile phone would have been e
49、nough for most people, but now? The public need a trendy notebook computer and a smart phone with WiFi connection to feel they are uptodate. So when will we have enough things? When will we finally be happy? Well, it looks like the things we buy today will barely keep us satisfied for a few months.I
50、n the eyes of some psychologists, far from making us happy, greater consumer choice creates many serious psychological problems. A fundamental principle of the society is that more freedom is better and more choice in the marketplace means more freedom. Therefore more choice leads to more happiness.
51、 This is not the case, however.Imagine you go to a caf offering chocolate and vanilla ice cream. You choose the chocolate and eat it happily. But what if the cafe serves 50 kinds of ice cream? You choose chocolate and then start to worry, “Maybe blueberry would have been better，perhaps the halffat i
52、ce cream would have been healthier. Stupid me, all these choices and I didnt make the best one! ”In Chinas major cities we have now passed the point where more consumer choice is making us happier. We are annoyed by all the options we have, disappointed because our expectations are so high and anger
53、ed at ourselves when we don t make a perfect choice every time.A newspaper reporter tells a story about traveling on a plane with highspeed Internet access. He thought this was amazingthe newest piece of technology he had heard of. Then the service went down. The man next to him was angry and swore.
54、 The reporter thought, “How quickly the world owes him something he knew existed only 10 seconds ago！”这是一篇议论文。文章作者通过举例说明选择太多，反而不能令消费者满意。1What is the text mainly talking about?AHitech and consumer needs.BComputers and smart phones.CWireless products and WiFi connection.DDiverse choices and consumer s
55、atisfaction.答案：D解析：主旨大意题。第二段“Therefore more choice leads to more happiness. This is not the case, however.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了选择太多，反而不能令消费者满意，故选D。2What may some psychologists think of the consumer demand in the cafe?AThe consumer has mental problems.BMore choice means more freedom.CVariety lea
56、ds to unhappiness.DThe shop provides too many choices.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“You choose chocolate and then start to worry, Maybe blueberry would have been better，perhaps the halffat ice cream would have been healthier. Stupid me, all these choices and I didnt make the best one！”(你选择巧克力然后开始担心，“蓝莓可能会更好，也许
57、一半脂肪冰淇淋会更健康。愚蠢的我，所有这些选择，我没有做出最好的一个！”)由此推断出心理学家认为消费者在咖啡店的多样选择会导致苦恼，故选C。3Why was the man next to the reporter quite annoyed?AThe net connection was interrupted.BSomeone owed him money.CThe air hostess offered poor service.DThe pleasure lasted only 10 seconds.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“the service went down.
58、The man next to him was angry and swore.”可知，坐在记者旁边的这个人非常生气是因为网络连接被中断，故选A。4What does the underlined word “swore” in the last paragraph probably mean?AFell asleep. BSaid rude words.CMade promises. DBecame amazed.答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据“The man next to him was angry”可知，这里意思是坐在记者旁边的这个人非常生气，并且开始咒骂。Swore意思是“咒骂”，故
59、选B。F(2019吉林省实验中学高三模拟)A video recording from Xinhua (9th, Nov. 2017) showing Arabella Kushner, US President Donald Trumps granddaughter, singing Chinese songs and reciting Chinese literary classics caused another Internet sensation (轰动) in China Wednesday night.In the video clip, Arabella, wearing a
60、traditional embroidered Chinese dress, greets President Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan.The sixyearold sings two songs Our Fields, Beautiful Fields, and My Good Mom. The former, written in 1953 and adored by Chinese teenagers for decades, expresses ones love and affection for the motherland and
61、nature. The latter is a popular nursery rhyme widespread in China.She also displayed knowledge about Chinese literature by reciting Three Character Classic, a Confucianist volume to educate young children, and two ancient poems of Li Bai, Watching the Fall of Lushan Mountain, and Departing from Baid
62、i City in the Morning.Xi spoke highly of the childs Mandarin abilities and said her performance deserved an “A Plus”. He said Arabella was already a star in China and hoped she would visit China one day.Numerous media websites and netizens reposted the video. It has received 2.3 million clicks on Si
63、na Weibo, Chinas popular social media platform, as of press time.“What a talented and smart girl she is！” Weibo user Yumeiren said. “I hope she can make more contributions to fostering ChinaUS friendship in the future.”Earlier this year, during President Xis visit to the United States, Arabella has
64、already performed for the president and his wife at the MaraLago resort in Palm Beach, Florida, on April 6. Standing alongside her parents, Arabella sang Jasmine, a Chinese folk song with her brother Joseph.这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美国总统特朗普的外孙女演唱经典的中国民歌、童谣，并背诵唐诗和三字经，得到中国人民的热烈赞誉，提升了中美关系和友谊。1From the passage, we
65、can learn that _.AArabella once sang Jasmine for President Xi in April aloneBArabella has a talent for singing Chinese songsCArabella has some acquaintance with Chinese ancient poemsDMy Good Mom conveys ones love for his or her motherland答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“She also displayed knowledge about Chinese
66、literature by reciting Three Character Classic, a Confucianist volume to educate young children, and two ancient poems of Li Bai, Watching the Fall of Lushan Mountain, and Departing from Baidi City in the Morning.”阿拉贝拉背诵李白的诗望庐山瀑布和早发白帝城，可知阿拉贝拉对中国古诗有所了解，have some acquaintance with“了解”，故选C。2What does t
67、he underlined word in Para.7 probably mean?APreventing. BProposing.CProtesting. DPromoting.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。根据“make more contributions”和“ChinaUS friendship”可推知阿拉贝拉演唱经典的中国民歌、童谣，并背诵唐诗和三字经，提升了中美关系和友谊。由此可知，fostering意思是“提升”，A.Preventing.阻止；B.Proposing.提议；C.Protesting.抗争；D.Promoting.提升，故选D。3What is the best t
68、itle for the passage?AArabellas Contribution to ChinaUS RelationshipBTrumps Granddaughter Wins Chinese Hearts, AgainCTrump and His Famous GranddaughterDA Little Shining Star in China答案：B解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“caused another Internet sensation (轰动) in China Wednesday night.”以及下文对阿拉贝拉这段视频的介绍可知，B选项“特普朗外孙女又一次俘获国人的心”切题，故选B。