1、英语必修4译林牛津Unit 1精品学案（直接引语与间接引语02） Grammar and usageStep 1: General Introduction: Direct speech and reported speech For referenceDirect and Indirect Speech also known as Quoted and Reported Speech. We use direct speech to report what exactly has been said. If we write the speech down, the words will u
2、sually appear in quotation marks. However, we often prefer to use reported speech or indirect speech to report the meaning of what has been said without using the exact words. Now lets look at a sentence:She said,I have been writing a book on the history of China.If you want to tell this sentence to
3、 someone else, what will you report? We can change it into: She said she had been writing a book on the history of China. 1. In the section, we will learn the definitions of direct speech and reported speech, how to use direct speech to report what exactly has been said, and to use reported speech o
4、r indirect speech to report the meaning of what has been said without using the exact words. For example:T: What did you do last Sunday, S1?S1: I stayed at home and watched TV.T: What did S1 say, S2?S2: S1 said he/she stayed at home and watched TV.T: What did you do last Sunday, S3?S3: I didWhat is
5、the difference between each pair of the sentences? (The first answer uses direct speech to report what exactly has been said. The words appear in quotation marks when they are written down. The second answer uses reported speech to report the meaning of what has been said without using the exact wor
6、ds, and without quotation marks.2. Now lets look at the following tables, paying attention to the changes of tenses and some other forms. Rules of changes:a. Change direct speech sentence into reported sentence by changing what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase.b. Change pers
7、onal pronounsc. Change tensesd. Change adverbials of time and placeDirect speechReported speechDirect speechReported speechSimple presentSimple pastSimple futureFuture in the pastPresent continuousPast continuousPast perfectPast perfectSimple pastPast perfectPresent perfectPast perfectPresent perfec
8、tPast perfectcontinuouscontinuousDirect speechReported speechtodaythe day/yesterday/on Saturday, etc.tomorrowthe next day/the following day/ on Tuesday, etc.yesterdaythe day before/the previous day/ on Tuesday, etc.last yearthe year before/ the previous year, etc.a week agoa week before/ a week earl
9、ier, etc.Direct speechReported speechthisthatthesethoseheretherecomego3. Lets read the ad on page 9 and try to understand whatThrilling adventure story!means and what the readers comments on the books are. Please change the ad and the readers comments into reported speech and complete the passage.Fo
10、r referenceThe advertisement suggests us to read Travel to the Misty Country. Its the publishers latest publication. The book tells a thrilling adventure story written by Li Xiyang, a 17-year-old boy. It claims that we wont believe his unique way of thinking and rich imagination.One of the readers s
11、aid that he had read it twice this week. He would never forget the fascinating Misty Country! Another reader said that He had bought another two copies of Travel to the Misty Country this afternoon. He would give those books to his best friends. The book was so great. He was going to read it over an
12、d over again!Answers(1) was (2) wouldnt (3) had read (4) that(5) would (6) had bought (7) that (8) would(9) those (10) her (11) was (12) was going to readStep 2: Reported speech: statements, questions and imperative sentencesHow to use reported speech to report statements, questions and imperative s
13、entences?In this part, you will practise reporting statements, yes/no-questions, wh-questions and imperative sentences by using that, whether/if, wh-words and other verbs like advise and encourage.1. There are many reporting verbs, such as say, ask, and tell. Besides say, ask and tell, there are oth
14、er reporting verbs: accept, argue, believe, claim, decide, expect, feel, imagine, learn, mention, point out, suppose, think, understand, and wonder.2. We use noun clauses introduced by if/whether to report yes/no questions, and we use noun clauses introduced by wh-words to wh-questions.3. Well, but
15、how can we report imperative sentences? We use the structure: reporting verb + object +(not) + to-infinitive. Eg:The teacher said, You d better wear soft shoes. (The teacher advised us to wear soft shoes.)The teacher said, Think about it carefully before you answer. (The teacher asked us to think ab
16、out it carefully before we answered.)Dont leave your homework at home. (The teacher reminded us not to leave our homework at home.)The teacher said, Dont worry about your exam. (The teacher told us not to worry about our exam.)4. Read Part A on page 11 and practise reporting question using whether/i
17、f or wh-words. Pay attention to word order and other changes in reported questions. Well check the answer together then.AnswersA 2 Fang Hong asked in what way it was different from other English learning software.3 Wang Qin asked how it could help him remember English words.4 Lu Kai asked whether/if
18、 it taught listening and speaking.5 Liu Fang asked what the designer would do if she was not satisfied with the software.6 Gu Jin asked if it was user-friendly.5. Now please read the instructions of Part B on page 11. Any difficulty in understanding the meaning of each statement? Ok now try to finis
19、h the activity in pairs. AnswersB 2 The expert advises us to use interesting and attractive photos.3 The expert advises us to use colour to attract peoples attention.4 The expert advises us to use eye-catching heading to attract peoples attention.5 The expert advises us to make the text short and ea
20、sy to read.6 The expert advises us to study some good advertisements on the Internet for ideas.Step 3: Class activitiesChange the following sentences from direct speech into reported sentence.A. 1) She said, I like light music. 2) Mary said, I have read up to page 25. 3) I arrived yesterday, he said
21、.4) Well be here all day, she said.5) Tommy said, I found the book at the bookshop. 6) I can do it myself, she said.Answers1) She said that she liked light music.2) Mary said that she had read up to page 25.3) He said that he arrived the day before.4) She said that they would be there all day.5) Tom
22、my said that he had found the book at the bookshop.6) She said that she could do it herself.B. 1) What are good manners? she asked.2) Margie asked, What are you reading, Tommy? 3) Do you live in the South? he asked. 4)“Were you born in 1990?”Liming asked me.Answers:1) She asked what good manners wer
23、e.2) Margie asked Tommy what he was reading. 3) He asked whether (if) I lived in the South. 4) Liming asked me if / whether I was born in 1990.C. 1) Go on, the teacher said. 2) Pass me that dictionary, she said. 3) Dont be late again, Frank, the teacher said.Answers: 1) The teacher told us to go on.
24、2) She asked me to pass her the dictionary.3) The teacher told Frank not to be late again.Exercise for consolidationMultiple choice1. He asked _ for the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _.A
25、. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.He _ me _ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _.A. tha
26、t I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _ very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youv
27、e already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the matter was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter8. He
28、said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to; not to do B. said to; dont do C. told; dont do D. told; not to do9. Can you tell me _ tomorrow? A. whats the weather going to be like B. what the weather is going to be like C. how the weather is going to be like D. how is the weather goin
29、g to be like10. Can you tell me _?A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentlemanII. Translate the following into English1. 我就是不能想象他怎么可能做出这样的事。2. 他没意识到他犯了多么严重的错误。3. 他告诉我他把书丢在我房里了。4. 现在我认为，我以后对于该买什么东西会明智的多。5. 我们可以告诉你，你的朋友们是在哪儿找到他们那些新奇的衣服的。Keys: I. 1
30、-5 D D C D C 6-10 B B D B CII. 1. I just cant imagine how he could have done such a thing.2. He was not aware of what a mistake he had committed.3. He told me that he had left his book in my room.4. Now I think I will be much smarter about what things to buy.5. We can tell you where your friends fou
31、nd their fantastic clothes.高考链接American actor Johnny Depp can best be described as unconventional. From his early life, his path into acting and even in his choice of movie roles，we can see that Depp has seldom taken the easy road. His willingness to take risks and do the unexpected has made Depp on
32、e of the few Hollywood actors able to achieve huge commercial success while maintaining his artistic reputation.Born in 1963，Depp was somewhat troublesome as a youth,.occasionally turning to petty-crime and drugs. When his parents divorced in 1978，Depp dropped out of school against his mothers wishe
33、s and started a music band called the Kids. Although the band achieved some success, they were seldom able to make ends meet， with Depp often unable to pay his rent, sleeping rough on friends sofas and even in his car.In 1983，the ever-optimistic Depp and his new wife, Lori Anderson, moved to Hollywo
34、od California to further Depps musical career. But life there continued to be a struggle and Depp was forced to take a job selling pens door to door to support his new family. His luck changed when Loris ex-boyfriend, the famous actor Nicholas Cage, impressed by Depps good looks and intelligence, su
35、ggested he become an actor and helped him get a small part in a movie. Several other minor movie roles and a divorce from Lori followed，before Depp got his big break three years later. He landed the leading role in the television series 21 Jump Street，playing a youthful undercover police officer. Th
36、e hugely popular show turned Depp into a teenage heartthrob overnight. He appeared on the cover of countless magazines and was much sought after by movie producers, eager to exploit his popularity with teenage girls.But Depp left 21 Jump Street after three years, when it was at the height of its pop
37、ularity, later admitting that he hated the shows unoriginal storylines and his “pretty boy” character. In the decade that followed, Depp rejected repeated offers of “pretty boy” roles in big-budget Hollywood films. Instead he established himself as a serious, somewhat dark, peculiar performer, consi
38、stently selecting roles in smaller, independent films that surprise critics and audiences alike.Even in the movie that made Depp an international superstar, The Pirates of the Caribbean (2003 )，he was barely recognizable as Captain Jack Sparrow, the British，long-haired golden-toothed pirate. This an
39、d subsequent hit movies have placed Depp at the very top of the commercial film industry ( with a pay-check of $20 million for each such movie) but he still continues to make the smaller, stranger films for which he is so greatly admired.41.As a youth, Depp could be described as a _.A.serious crimin
40、al B. trouble maker C. drug addict D. successful musician【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。第二段“Depp was somewhat troublesome as a youth, occasionally turning to petty-crime and drugs.“ Depp 作为一个青年有点麻烦，偶尔还会犯点小罪和吸毒。这说明他是一个惹事生非的人。故选B。42.The underlined expression “make ends meet” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to 。
41、A. get together after a showB. meet their audienceC.play to the endD. earn enough to live【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。后半句“with Depp often unable to pay his rent, sleeping rough on friends sofas and even in his car.” “Depp 经常不能付租金，睡在朋友的沙发上甚至是车里。”说明他们经常入不敷出， 也就是很少能收支相抵。即挣不到足够的钱来生活。故选D。43.In which order did the foll
42、owing events take place in Depps life?a.met Nicholas Cageb.started a band called the Kidsc.played a British pirated.sold pens door to doore. got married to Lori Anderson f. starred in a TV showA. d, b, e, a，c, fB. b，e，d，a，f，cC.a, b, f，c, d, eD. e，d, a，c，f, b【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。这几个事件最先出现的是第二段的“started a m
43、usic band called the Kids.”他开创了这个乐队。故选B。44.Why did Depp leave the TV show 21 Jump Street ?A.The show was no longer popular.B.He wanted to perform in movies.C.He thought the show was terrible.D.He rejected planned changes to his role.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。第四段“later admitting that he hated the shows unorigin
44、al storylines and his “pretty boy” character.” “后来确认，他讨厌这个节目模仿的故事情节和他漂亮男孩的角色。”可以看出，他离开21 Jump Street，是因为他认为这个节目很糟糕。故选C。45.Depps choice of movie roles throughout most of his career suggests that _.A.he valued interesting work over moneyB.he believed he couldnt play pretty boy” roles wellC.he was very popular with Hollywood movie producersD.he was more interested in shocking audiences than entertaining【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。文章最后一句话，尽管Depp位于商业电影的顶端，但他任然继续制作那种他所倾慕的更小，更陌生的电影。可见与钱相比，Depp更注重对工作的兴趣。故选A。