1、专题练习十四 阅读理解1A(2019辽宁省阜新市高三模拟)Youve probably visited the Tiananmen Gatetowerthe landmark building of Beijing, but you may not have heard of Kuai Xiang. Along with him, the following remarkable architects all took the center stage at their times.Kuai Xiang (13981481)Tiananmen Gatetower is universally
2、considered the brainchild of Kuai Xiang. By following in the footsteps of ancient homebuilders, he successfully presented the Emperor Judy with a grand wooden structure which has stood the test of time for almost 600 years. Visitors are also hooked on its delicate paintings.Ieoh Ming Pei (19172019)H
3、is motto is：Traditions should be sealed in glass boxes at museums. He is always struggling with innovation. Although under grilling from French conservative critics, he still planted a glass pyramid into the courtyard of the Louvre. His other works include John FKennedy Library, Beijing Fragrant Hil
4、l Hotel and Suzhou Museum.Zaha Hadid (19502016)In 2004, she became the first woman to win the Pritzker Architecture Prize, the Nobel Prize for architecture. She used tricks to maximize available space. Her fluidstyle works pioneer the concept of microliving. The curves (曲线) of Guangzhou Opera House
5、perfectly match the rise and fall of its surrounding buildings, forming a unique view.Meng Fanchao (1959present)Many people dismissed the building of a mega bridge as a pipe dream, but Meng Fanchao turned this into reality by building Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge. This longest crosssea bridge, when v
6、iewed afar, looks like a dynamic dragon braving the rolling waves of Lingding Sea.本文是一篇说明文。介绍了四位杰出的建筑家Kuai Xiang、Ieob Ming Pei、Zaha Hadid、Meng Fanchao以及他们的主要作品和成就。1What can we infer about Kuai Xiang?AHe never follows traditions.BHe lacks financial support.CHe is a successful architect.DHe likes deli
7、cate hooks.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Tiananmen Gatetower is universally considered the brainchild of Kuai Xiang.”可知，天安门城楼通常被认为是蒯祥的智慧结晶，这说明他是一个杰出的建筑家。故C项正确。2Whats Ieoh Ming Peis attitude towards creation?APositive. BUncaring.CSubjective. DDisapproving.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“His motto is：Traditions should
8、be sealed in glass boxes at museums. He is always struggling with innovation.”可知，Ieoh Ming Pei认为传统应该被封存在博物馆里的玻璃盒子里，而且他总是努力进行创新。这说明他对创造持积极的态度。故A项正确。3What do Zaha Hadid and Meng Fanchao have in common?AThey emphasize the use of space.BThey set a remarkable record.CThey like following othersopinions.DT
9、heir works meet with a boycott.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In 2004, she became the first woman to win the Pritzker Architecture Prize, the Nobel Prize for architecture.”可知，Zaha Hadid成为第一个获得建筑界的诺贝尔奖普利兹克建筑奖的女性建筑家，她创造了一个新的纪录；根据最后一段“This longest crosssea bridge, when viewed afar, looks like a dynamic dragon b
10、raving the rolling waves of Lingding Sea.”可知，Meng Fanchao设计的港珠澳大桥是世界上最长的跨海大桥，他也创造了历史。他们都在建筑历史上留下了杰出的作品，创造了新的纪录。故B项正确。B(2019 石家庄市高中毕业班模拟)CocaCola, which reportedly produced more than 3 million tons of plastic packaging in 2017, announced Thursday it wants to “help fix the worlds plastic waste problem
11、 one community (社区) at a time”The soda giant is doing so by providing $5.4 million for recycling programs in cities like Atlanta, Boston, Denver and Houston. In these cities, partners, like The Green Blue Institute and The Recycling Partnership, which receive the money, will work together to improve
12、 recycling rates.“We focus on areas where we have the ability to make the biggest influence on communities through the funding and expert skills of CocaCola employees，” Carlos Pagoagoa, CocaColas group director of community partnerships, said in a statement. “In each city, local partners will work t
13、ogether to identify barriers to recycling on a local level and test a range of solutions，” he added. “We hope the learnings from these model markets can offer solutions to other cities facing similar challenges.”As part of the effort, The Recycling Partnership and the city of Atlanta, where the cola
14、 companys headquarters are based, will send street teams out to open recycling carts and leave citizens cards informing them what they can and cant recycle, and let them know how their efforts work.“Two of the most urgent problems with recycling in the US today are lack of access, followed by pollut
15、ion in recycling，” Keefe Harrison, CEO of The Recycling Partnership, said in a statement. “We know from the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works.”Last year, CocaCola announced its task to collect and reuse a bottle or can
16、for each one it sells, and increase the amount of its products out of recycled materials to 50% by 2030. The brand also aims to make all its packaging fully recyclable by 2025.本文是一篇环保类短文阅读。文章主要讲述可口可乐公司将提高产品包装材料的回收率，直至其所有包装完全可回收。1What does CocaCola company intend to do in the program?AProduce less pa
17、ckaging.BHelp deal with plastic waste.CPick up waste in communities.DBuild a plant to recycle plastic waste.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“CocaCola, which reportedly produced more than 3 million tons of plastic packaging in 2017, announced Thursday it wants to help fix the worlds plastic waste problem one com
18、munity (社区) at a time”可知，可口可乐公司宣布，计划帮助一个社区解决一次全球塑料垃圾问题。故选B。2Whats Paragraph 2 mainly about?AHow CocaCola conducts its program.BWhat organizations participate in the program.CHow CocaCola chooses cities for the program.DWhat the local people do in CocaColas program.答案：A解析：段落大意题。根据文章第二段“The soda giant
19、 is doing so by providing $5.4 million for recycling programs in cities like Atlanta, Boston, Denver and Houston. In these cities, partners, like The Green Blue Institute and The Recycling Partnership, which receive the money, will work together to improve recycling rates.”(可口可乐公司为亚特兰大、波士顿、丹佛和休斯顿等城市
20、的回收项目提供资金，并与合作伙伴共同努力来提高回收率)，从而可知，本段主要讲述可口可乐是如何执行其计划的。故选A。3What do street teams do to help?ASort out various waste in the city.BLook into the cause of pollution.CInstruct local people what to recycle.DHand cards to the locals in person.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段.will send street teams out to open recycling
21、 carts and leave citizens cards informing them what they can and cant recycle, and let them know how their efforts work.”(街头团队给市民留下卡片，告诉他们什么可以回收，什么不能回收)，可知，街头团队指导当地居民如何回收利用。故选C。4What does Keefe Harrison think of the program?APromising. BDifficult.CPioneering. DCostly.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段“We know fro
22、m the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works.” (市民们想要回收垃圾，在街上与他们交流是有效的)，可以推断出，Keefe Harrison认为此项目是有希望的。故选A。C(2019山东省阶段检测联合考试)The results from the worlds largest sleep study have shown that people who sleep on average between
23、 7 to 8 hours per night perform better cognitively (认知地) than those who sleep less or more than this amount.The worlds largest sleep study was launched in June 2018 and within days more than 40,000 people from the world participated in the online scientific investigation, which included an indepth q
24、uestionnaire and a series of cognitive performance activities.“We really wanted to capture the sleeping habits of people around the entire globe. Obviously, there have been many smaller sleep studies of people in laboratories but we wanted to find out what sleep is like in the real world，” says Adri
25、an Owen, westerns researcher in Cognitive Neuroscience and Imaging. “People who logged in gave us a lot of information about themselves. We had a fairly extensive questionnaire and they told us things like which medications they were on, where they were in the world and what kind of education theyd
26、received because these are all factors that might have contributed to some of the results.”More than half of all participants reported typically sleeping less than 6.3 hours per night, about an hour less than the studys recommended amount. One shocking truth was that most participants who slept four
27、 hours or less performed as if they were almost nine years older.Another surprising discovery was that sleep affected all adults equally. The amount of sleep associated with highly functional cognitive behavior was the same for everyone, regardless of age. Also, the harm associated with too little,
28、or too much sleep did not depend on the age of the participants.“We found that the best amount of sleep to keep your brain performing its best is 7 to 8 hours every night. We also found that people that slept more than that amount were equally harmed as those who slept too little，” says Conor Wild,
29、Owen Lab Research Associate and the studys lead author.这是一篇说明文。一项世界最大的睡眠调查表明每晚睡眠时间在七到八个小时的人，认知能力比睡眠时间小于这一数量的人更强。1Where did the study take place?AIn a lab. BIn the street.COn TV. DOn the Internet.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The worlds largest sleep study was launched in June 2018 and within days more than 40,
30、000 people from the world participated in the online scientific investigation，”可知，来自世界各地的4万多人参与了这项网上科学调查，故可知研究是在网上进行的，故选D。2What may affect the result of the study according to Owen?ACareer. BDiet.CEducation. DExercise.答案：C解析：细节理解题。第三段最后一句“We had a fairly extensive questionnaire and they told us thin
31、gs like which medications they were on, where they were in the world and what kind of education theyd received because these are all factors that might have contributed to some of the results.”可知，Owen认为参与调查的人服用了哪些药物，在世界上的什么地方，接受了什么样的教育这些都是可能导致这些结果的因素。选项中只有C项Owen提到了会影响研究结果，故选C。3Whats Wilds view?ASlee
32、ping too much is as bad as sleeping too little.BPeople must sleep for eight hours every night.CSleeping too little can make people look older.DPeople neednt pay attention to the amount of sleep.答案：A解析：细节理解题。最后一段第二句“We also found that people that slept more than that amount were equally harmed as tho
33、se who slept too little，”可知，Wild认为睡眠太多和睡眠过少受到的伤害是一样的，故选A。4What can we learn from the text?AOwen and Wild are the first to study sleep.BLack of enough sleep is a common problem.CAll the people in the world show interest in the study.DThere is no effective way to solve the sleep problem.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根
34、据第四段第一句“More than half of all participants reported typically sleeping less than 6.3 hours per night, about an hour less than the studys recommended amount.”可知，超过一半的参与者表示，他们每晚的睡眠时间通常少于6.3小时，比研究建议的睡眠时间少一个小时左右。即睡眠不足是一个很普遍的问题。故选B。D(2019山东省济南市高三模拟)New York Walking TourStatue of Liberty and Ellis Island
35、Walking TourStart this exciting guided 4hour tour by getting early Reserve Line Access boarding on the ferry to Liberty Island. Once there, go inside the base of the statue and head to the observation decks for an awesome view of New York City and its surroundings. Then come back on the ferry to Ell
36、is Island to learn about the history of immigration (移民) to America that took place here between 1892 and 1954.Central Park Walking TourWalk through Central Parks most picturesque highlights on a 2hour tour with a professional photographer. Remember your New York City adventure with unforgettable im
37、ages of you with family or friends as you circle the towers at Belvedere Castle, walk through paths with flowers in the Conservatory Garden, or feed the swans by the Loeb Boathouse.New York City Architecture Walking TourLearn about the history of the buildings that define the New York City skyline o
38、n a 3hour walking architecture tour. Walk down the famous 42nd Street corridor with a longtime New York resident (居民) and architectural expert, stopping along the way to learn about Midtown Manhattans most iconic structures like the Chrysler Building, Ford Foundation, Grand Central Station and the N
39、ew York Public Library.Greenwich Village Walking TourGreenwich Village is one of New York Citys most beautiful and famous neighborhoods. Take a guided 2hour walking tour of this legendary Lower Manhattan space. Hear about the famous artists who once lived here, from Edgar Allan Poe to Bob Dylan, Jim
40、i Hendrix and countless others.Walk the winding streets and visit popular Washington Square Park, reliving more than 200 years of history.本文是一则广告，介绍了纽约四条徒步旅行线路。1Why do tourists visit Ellis Island?ATo know about American immigration history.BTo explore the surroundings of the island.CTo get a whole v
41、iew of New York City.DTo observe Statue of Liberty closely.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Then come back on the ferry to Ellis Island to learn about the history of immigration (移民) to America that took place here between 1892 and 1954.”可知，去Ellis Island可以了解1892年至1954年期间美国的移民历史，故选A。2Who will go with tourists on C
42、entral Park Walking Tour?AAn experienced guide.BAn architectural expert.CA professional photographer.DA longtime New York resident.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Walk through Central Parks most picturesque highlights on a 2hour tour with a professional photographer.”可知，游客参观中央公园有专业的摄影师陪同，故选C。3Which tour takes th
43、e longest time?ACentral Park Walking Tour.BGreenwich Village Walking Tour.CNew York City Architecture Walking Tour.DStatue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Start this exciting guided 4hour tour by getting early Reserve Line Access boarding on the ferry to Liberty Island.”可
44、知，Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour这条路线花费4个小时，其他路线为2个小时或3个小时，这条是四条线路中时间最长的，故选D。4What can tourists do on Greenwich Village Walking Tour?ATake unforgettable pictures.BCome across Bob Dylan.CVisit New York Public Library.DLearn about famous artists.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Hear about the famou
45、s artists who once lived here，from Edgar Allan Poe to Bob Dylan，Jimi Hendrix and countless others.”可知，在这条线路中，游客可以了解在此生活过的著名艺术家，故选D。E(2019衡水中学高三第三次诊断)If we want to find out what kind of technology people used in the past, we normally have to rely on archaeologists to find ruined buildings and parts o
46、f tools or instruments or machines. Archaeologists then try to reconstruct, sometimes with the help of computer technology, what these ancient buildings and objects must have looked like, and how they might have been made. Sometimes historians are lucky and find an ancient document with a written de
47、scription of these ancient buildings and objects.We can understand, then, why Chinese historians were so excited when they found cave paintings which show ancient science. They found these paintings in the worldrenowned Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang City, in Northwest Chinas Gansu Province. There are 5
48、00 manmade caves and they have survived for at least 1,600 years. Almost all of these caves have paintings on their ceilings or walls and they date from the 4th to 14th centuries. Wang Jinyu is an expert on these cave paintings (also called frescoes) and he says: “We discovered frescoes containing s
49、cientific and technological content in almost all of the caves which have frescoes.” What is remarkable about these cave paintings according to the Xinhua News Agency is that they provide evidence of “scientific and technological inventions by ancient Chinese in maths, physics, chemistry, astronomy,
50、 geography, agronomy, architecture, textiles, traffic and transportation, arms and military equipment and medical sciences”Among the discoveries experts have made are cave paintings showing ancient techniques of pottery making and wine production and paintings showing ancient weaving machines and th
51、en toothbrushes! The paintings also give some evidence of the lifestyle at the time with, for example, pictures of people boiling milk over 1,000 years ago. Experts believe that there is more evidence to be found, but even now the caves are a wonderful natural museum. If the walls and ceilings of th
52、e caves were all put together they would form a tapestry 20 kilometers long and 2 meters high!It wont be possible to travel back in timethat only happens in filmsbut visiting these caves would be the nearest experience you could get to travelling back in time.本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们在中国甘肃的敦煌莫高窟的洞穴中发现了反映古代科学
53、的壁画。1Why were Chinese historians excited when they found cave paintings showing ancient science?ABecause they had rarely seen cave paintings.BBecause they could make the place a tourist attraction.CBecause they could learn about ancient science through them.DBecause they would be given lots of money
54、 for the discovery.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What is remarkable about these cave paintings according to the Xinhua News Agency is that they provide evidence of scientific and technological inventions by ancient Chinese in maths, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geography, agronomy, architecture, textiles,
55、traffic and transportation, arms and military equipment and medical sciences”可知，这些壁画为中国古代在数学、物理、化学、天文，地理、建筑以及农学等领域的科技发明提供了证据，由此可知科学家们对此感到很兴奋的原因是他们可以通过这些壁画了解古代的科学，故C项正确。2The Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang City _.Ahave 500 manmade cavesBhave been there for at most 1,600 yearsChelp us to know little about
56、ancient scienceDhave paintings on their ceilings in every cave答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“There are 500 manmade caves and they have survived for at least 1,600 years.”可知，敦煌莫高窟有500个人工洞穴，故A项正确。3Experts had discovered cave paintings showing the ancient techniques of _.Apottery making and wine productionBweavi
57、ng machines and toothbrushesCboiling milk over 1,000 years agoDarchitecture and weaving答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Among the discoveries experts have made are cave paintings showing ancient techniques of pottery making and wine production and paintings”可知，科学家发现壁画中展示了古代制陶和酿酒技术，故A项正确。4The article is more lik
58、ely to be selected from the magazine _.AModern Countries BBusiness WorldCNetwork World DPopular Science答案：D解析：文章出处题。根据文章内容可知，本文介绍了科学家们在中国甘肃敦煌莫高窟的洞穴中发现了反映古代科学的壁画，这属于科学范畴，因此文章最有可能出自科学杂志，故D项正确。F(2019昆明市高三复习质检)Finding a mountain goat resting high on a cliff (悬崖) might thrill many of the millions of tour
59、ists who visit Wyomings Grand Teton National Park every year, but park officials say it might be time for the bearded animals to go.The problem, according to the park, is that Grand Tetons 100 or so mountain goats threaten about 80 bighorn sheep. The bighorn sheep numbered as many as 125 just a few
60、years ago. The strong goats spread disease and compete with bighorn sheep for food. Unlike smallsized bighorn sheep, Grand Tetons mountain goats arent native to the park. They were introduced to the park in the 1960s.Grand Teton spokeswoman Denise Germann said, “Weve got a management responsibility
61、to protect the native species. After hearing from the public on the proposal (建议) in January, park officials expect to decide as soon as midFebruary on what to do about the mountain goats.”The goats are reproducing rapidly. Now might be the best time to reduce the animals before theyre too many to b
62、ring under control, according to the Park Service.One wildlife biologist who studies bighorn sheep praised the proposal. Mountain goats original habitat is nowhere close to where theyve been introduced in the US to provide hunting opportunities, said Rob Roy Ramey II, with Nederland, Coloradobased W
63、ildlife Science International, Inc.Wildlife managers should get rid of mountain goats not only in Grand Teton but elsewhere to help struggling bighorn sheep, Ramey said. “Unfortunately, state wildlife agencies sell nonnative wildlife viewing opportunities to the public，” Ramey said. “This is not a z
64、oo in the wilderness. It should really be for native wildlife.”本文是一篇说明文，介绍美国一所国家公园，雪羊严重影响当地物种大角羊的生存，因而管理者采取措施保护大角羊，对此大家都很支持。1What can be learnt about the bighorn sheep in the park?ATheir size is huge. BTheir number is decreasing.CThey arrived in the 1960s. DThey threaten local species.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根
65、据第二段“The problem, according to the park, is that Grand Tetons 100 or so mountain goats threaten about 80 bighorn sheep. The bighorn sheep numbered as many as 125 just a few years ago.”可知，现在Grand Teton国家公园里的雪羊威胁到了数量大约为80只的大角羊，而几年以前，大角羊的数量为125只，由此可知大角羊的数量在下降，故选B。2How did the public help park officials
66、 protect the bighorn sheep?ABy providing suggestions.BBy driving away mountain goats.CBy volunteering in the park.DBy taking over Grand Teton National Park.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“After hearing from the public on the proposal (建议) in January, park officials expect to decide as soon as midFebruary on what
67、 to do about the mountain goats.”可知，在一月收到公众的建议之后，可能最快2月中旬就会决定怎么应对雪羊这一问题。由此可知，公众通过提出一些建议来帮助公园工作人员保护大角羊，故选A。3What is Germanns attitude towards the bighorn sheep?ACurious. BProud.CSurprised. DConcerned.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Weve got a management responsibility to protect the native species.”可知，对保护本地物种，国家公
68、园有着管理责任。由此可知，Germann对大角羊持担忧的态度，因为受到雪羊的严重影响，故选D。4What was the purpose of bringing in mountain goats in the beginning?ATo offer hunting chances.BTo sell nonnative wildlife.CTo satisfy wildlife managers.DTo increase diversities of sheep.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Mountain goats original habitat is nowhere close to where theyve been introduced in the US to provide hunting opportunities”可知，雪羊的原栖息地跟美国环境很不一样，最初引入美国是为游客提供狩猎的体验，故选A。