1、专题练习十五 阅读理解2A(2019诸暨中学高三期中)Maureen stood by the lake. Suddenly the other children came running through the trees with sharp cries of excitement. They rushed up to the lake, leaning over the clear water, watching the crowds of tiny fish. Some children demanded loudly to go to the boats, but all at on
2、ce those who had been left behind at the icecream stall (小摊) came running up to make some announcement or other, and they all left the water and dashed back the way they had come. With growing excitement, Maureen ran after them.When she saw what had been run for, she stopped running. They were buyin
3、g things again. The toy stall was open and they were crowding around it. Behind the stall a middleaged woman was selling a great variety of small rubbish. She took money from the forest of small hands in exchange for little boats, plastic dolls, yellow pencils and rubbers, or anything. Maureen leane
4、d against a tree, looking on. The idea of spending washed against her face like a strong current, trying to draw her in.Nona Parker pushed out to the edge of the group and laid what she had bought on the ground so that she could see what money she had left in her white purse. Under Maureens eyes lay
5、 a boat, a mouth organ, and little plates of dolls food in coloured plastera brown load of bread, a joint of beef, a pink puddingall tiny and terribly desirable. Maureen was so full of the wish for the things like that that she couldnt bear to look at them. She turned her head sharply. Her face agai
6、nst the tree, she shut her eyes and prayed eagerly for some money, for the price of a set of toy plates.In a moment, she opened her eyes, but she didnt turn back to the stall. It was too painful to see the others buying whatever they wanted. She rubbed almost round the tree, her eyes on the ground.
7、And there under her feet was a tenpence piece.本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Maureen看到其他孩子买东西而自己没钱买时的痛苦。1Why did children dash back on hearing some announcement?ATo watch tiny fish.BTo buy new toys.CTo collect various rubbish.DTo see a middleaged woman.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“When she saw what had been run for, she sto
8、pped running. They were buying things again. The toy stall was open and they were crowding around it.”可知，孩子们一听到通知就急忙跑回来是因为他们要买新玩具。故选B。2Maureen stopped running after the other children because she _.Awas too shy to push her way inBthought the other children were richCknew the stall was selling rubbis
9、hDcouldnt afford to buy anything答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Maureen was so full of the wish for the things like that that she couldnt bear to look at them. She turned her head sharply. Her face against the tree, she shut her eyes and prayed eagerly for some money, for the price of a set of toy plates.”可知，Ma
10、ureen不再追赶其他孩子了，因为她买不起任何东西。故选D。3Maureens strong desire for the plates of dolls food grew when _.Ashe happened to see what Nona had boughtBNona checked her remaining moneyCshe saw other children buying things freelyDNona was pushed to the edge of the group答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Under Maureens eyes lay a
11、boat, a mouth organ, and little plates of dolls food in coloured plastera brown load of bread, a joint of beef, a pink puddingall tiny and terribly desirable. Maureen was so full of the wish for the things like that that she couldnt bear to look at them.”可知，Maureen看到Nona买了什么东西，对那一盘多彩的食物产生了强烈的欲望。故选A。
12、4Seeing the others buying so many wonderful things, Maureen felt _.Athrilled BhelplessCcurious Dannoyed答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In a moment, she opened her eyes, but she didnt turn back to the stall. It was too painful to see the others buying whatever they wanted.”可知，看到其他人买了这么多好东西，Maureen感到很无助。故选B。B(20
13、19昆明市高三质检)Fiveyearold Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.Her teacher, Shannon
14、Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisillas mom were concerned, but their ideas didnt work. “We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，” Grimm said. “However, it wasnt sinking in
15、.”Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her haira scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. “Ive never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，” she said. On Jan. 4, Grimm inv
16、ited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried，” she said.The class loved their teachers new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, “Mom, Ms Grimm cut her hair！” The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and th
17、e girl, so they could style their hair together.In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school districts Student of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she received a surprise “hero medal” from the girl. “Now we have matching awards，” says Grimm.Prisillas mother, Maria, sa
18、id that Grimms thoughtfulness brought her to tears. “I was shocked. I was crying. I couldnt believe itshe did something I wouldnt have the bravery to do. I will never forget that.”本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述因为疾病，Prisilla Perez不得不剪头发，为此班上同学开始嘲笑她，让她很抑郁，为此Grimm老师做了很多事情，但是都没能奏效，最后她想出了一个办法：自己也剪掉头发，没想到这一办法很奏效。1Why was
19、Prisilla unhappy at school?AShe wasnt satisfied with her teacher.BShe couldnt concentrate in class.CShe was laughed at by her classmates.DShe couldnt get on well with others.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Fiveyearold Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent ha
20、ircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.”可知，因为疾病，Prisilla Perez不得不剪头发，为此班上同学叫她男孩，她感到羞耻，故可知，她因为发型被同学嘲笑，故选C。2What made Grimm have her own hair cut?APraise from her students.BDevoti
21、on to her students.CRequest of Prisillas mother.DSuggestion from the hairstylist.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“The class loved their teachers new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, Mom, Ms Grimm cut her hair！”可知，整个班级都喜欢老师的新发型，特别是Prisilla，在下午放学下校车之后，急着告诉妈妈，老师剪了
22、她的头发，故可知，Grim这么做是为了帮助Prisilla渡过难关，体现了对学生的爱，故选B。3What can we know about Grimm?AShe had her hair cut together with Prisilla.BShe expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.CShe hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.DShe won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Cut off h
23、er haira scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. Ive never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，”可知，她突然有一个可怕的想法，就是剪掉她引以为豪的长发，并且在做这一决定之前，连续强调了两周，故可知她犹豫了很久，故选C。4What is the text mainly about?AHow Grimm helped her student out.BWhat
24、 problem Prisilla had at school.CWhy Prisilla won the Month Award.DWhen Grimm got her new hairstyle.答案：A解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述因为疾病，Prisilla Perez不得不剪头发，为此班上同学开始嘲笑她，让她很抑郁，为此Grimm老师做了很多事情，但都没能奏效，最后她想出了一个办法：自己也剪掉头发。没想到这一办法很奏效，故可知，本文的主题是关于老师帮助学生渡过难关，故选A。 C(2019咸阳市模拟检测三)Kindergarten outside? Yes，indeed. Its par
25、t of a growing worldwide trend toward outdoor education. The schools are called Forest Kindergartens.Now the numbers are small in the US，but the idea is well established in Europe, with schools in Scotland, England, and Switzerland. By far most of such schools are in Germany, which has more than 400
26、 Waldkindergartens.Children attending such particular school enjoy a good amount of outdoor education each day，rain or shine. Some lessons are focused on nature ; others are academic topics delivered in a natural setting. In all cases，students are activenot sitting at desks or on mats on the floor b
27、ut walking, running, jumping, solving problems like how to get the mud off the bottoms of their shoes before their parents find out.At these forest kindergartens, students learn science by observing and doing it, learn math by applying it to the natural world around them，learn letters and words by p
28、utting them together using sights and sounds. The children learn to make comparisons using natural things like apples and rocks. They develop an appreciation for animals and plants in their natural environmentnot just by looking at pictures in a book or on a computer screen.Some of the science activ
29、ities involve teamwork, like explaining the best way to move a heavy object, showing how a lever (杠杆) works. In other sessions, teachers encourage students to develop their motor skills by building wooden tools such as hammers and knives.These students also learn how to get along with one another, i
30、ndividually and in a group. They also develop healthy levels of selfconfidence，just from being able to do the everyday activities that the school offers.In a time when so many children are being classified as obese because of long time watching television and playing video games, these outdoor schoo
31、ls help children learn just as much, if not more，from opening their eyes to the world around them.这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以户外教育为主的森林幼儿园的学习方式以及积极意义。1Which of the following country has the most Forest Kindergartens?AThe US. BGermany.CThe UK. DSwitzerland答案：B解析：细节理解题。答案定位在第二段“By far most of such schools are in Ge
32、rmany, which has more than 400 Waldkindergartens.”可知，德国拥有的森林幼儿园最多，故选B。2What is the purpose of the fourth paragraph?ATo analyse how children learn socially.BTo compare different teaching approaches.CTo show how children learn academically.DTo describe how active children are in the class.答案：C解析：推理判断题
33、。第四段的意思是在这些森林幼儿园里，学生通过观察和动手做来学习科学，通过把数学运用到周围的自然世界来学习数学，通过视觉和声音来学习字母和词汇。孩子们学会用苹果和石头等自然的东西进行比较。他们培养了对自然环境中的动植物的欣赏能力，而不仅仅是通过看书或电脑屏幕上的图片。由此推断出第四段的目的是展示孩子们如何学习，故选C。3Which may be seen in Forest Kindergartens?AChildren are doing an experiment with chemicals.BTeachers are writing something on the blackboard
34、.CSmart phones are widely used to help children learn.DEverything in nature is likely to be applied to teaching.答案：D解析：推理判断题。答案定位在第三段“Children attending such particular school enjoy a good amount of outdoor education each day, rain or shine. Some lessons are focused on nature; others are academic to
35、pics delivered in a natural setting.”(在这样一所特殊学校上学的孩子们，无论晴雨，每天都能享受到大量的户外教育。一些课程的重点是自然；其他的一些学术科目在自然环境中教授。)由此推断出在森林幼儿园中，自然界的一切都可能应用于教学，故选D。4What is the authors attitude to Forest Kindergartens?ANegative. BDoubtful.CPositive. DUncertain.答案：C解析：推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段“In a time when so many children are being cl
36、assified as obese because of long time watching television and playing video games, these outdoor schools help children learn just as much, if not more，from opening their eyes to the world around them.”(很多孩子肥胖是因为长时间看电视和玩电脑游戏，这些户外学校也能帮助孩子们学到同样多的东西，至少，帮助他们拓宽了视野。)由此推断出，作者对森林幼儿园持肯定态度。A.Negative.否定的；B.Do
37、ubtful.疑惑的；C.Positive.肯定的；D.Uncertain.不确定的。故选C。D(2019武邑中学模拟)It sounds almost too good to be true, but a new study on sleeping brains suggests that listening to languages while you sleep can actually help you to learn them.For the study, researchers played recordings of foreign words and their transl
38、ations to subjects enjoying slowwave sleep, a stage when a person has little consciousness of their environment. To ensure that the results were not compromised by foreign language words that subjects may have had some contact with at some point in their waking lives, researchers made up totally non
39、existent foreign words.When the subjects woke up, they were presented with the madeup words again without their translations. The subjects were then asked to imagine whether this madeup word indicated an object that was either smaller or larger. This vague (模糊的) way of testing their understanding of
40、 the words is an approach that is supposed to tap into the unconscious memory.Unbelievably, the subjects were able to correctly classify the words in this way at an accuracy rate that was 10 percent higher than random chance. Thats not a rate high enough to have them suddenly communicating in a fore
41、ign tongue, but it is enough to suggest that the brain is still absorbing information on some level, even during sleep.Researchers have long known that sleep is important for memory, but previously its role in memory was thought to relate only to the preservation and organization of memories acquire
42、d during wakefulness. This is the first time that memory formation has been shown to be active during sleep.In other words, our brains are listening to the world, and learning about it, even when our conscious selves are not present.The next step for researchers will be to see if new information can
43、 be learned quicker during wakefulness if it was already presented during sleep. If so, it could forever change how we train our brains to learn new things. Sleep learning might become a widespread practice.本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的科学研究，研究发现在睡眠中人脑的记忆功能仍发挥着作用，他们会在潜意识中记住在睡眠中听到的语言。1Why did researchers use som
44、e madeup words in the study?ATo guarantee the accuracy of the test result.BTo increase the difficulty of testing information.CTo avoid the subjects cheating in the experiment.DTo test if our brain are good at learning something new.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的第二句“To ensure that the results were not compromi
45、sed by foreign language words that subjects may have had some contact with at some point in their waking lives，researchers made up totally nonexistent foreign words.”可知，研究人员使用虚构的词为的是让受试者不被所接触过的外语词汇影响，也就是为了保证实验结果的准确性。2What were the subjects asked to do in the study?AClassify what they heard by size.B
46、Make up a word to represent“large”or“small”CRepeat the words they heard in the sleep.DImagine the meanings of the madeup words.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The subjects were then asked to imagine whether this madeup word indicated an object that was either smaller or larger.”可知，这些受测试者在实验中要求去想象这些虚构的词所代表的物体是
47、大还是小。故选A。3What conclusion did researchers draw from this study?ASleep is necessary for a good memory.BMemory formation goes on during sleep.CListening during sleep is good for our brain.DLearning languages in sleep has better effects.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“This is the first time that memory format
48、ion has been shown to be active during sleep.”可知，实验表明在睡眠期间记忆力仍然在形成。故选B。4What will be the researchers next plan?ATo train people how to learn during sleep.BTo prove the existence of unconscious memory.CTo dig out the reason for unconscious learning.DTo study the effect of sleep learning on conscious
49、learning.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据文章末段第一句“The next step for researchers will be to see if new information can be learned quicker during wakefulness if it was already presented during sleep.”可知，研究人员下一步要做的是测试潜意识中的学习是否能够提高清醒时的学习效率。故选D。E(2019聊城市模拟)There was a lot of news related to artificial intelligence, or AI,
50、 and machine learning. Among the stories were two dealing with direct competitions between humans and machines.In one competition, machines that used AI performed better than human beings in a highlevel reading test. Two natural language processing tools beat human in the experiment. One of the tool
51、s was built by the American technology company Microsoft. The other was created by Chinese online seller Alibaba Group.In another competition, a computer took on humans in live, public debates.The event demonstrated how AIpowered computers are increasingly being developed to think and sound like hum
52、ans. The organizer of the debates, US technology company IBM, announced split results. It said a majority of those watching said they felt the machine had done more to improve their knowledge of the subject. But, the human got more praise for communicating their ideas.This year, we also explored the
53、 many ways AI and machine learning are now being used. For example, some US judges use machine learning systems to help them decide when, and for how long, criminals should be jailed. The system uses computers to examine data from thousands of court cases.One fastgrowing area of AI is facial recogni
54、tion, which is increasingly being used for security purposes. Recently, Atlantas HartsfieldJackson airport became the first in the US to permit passengers to use facial recognition technology to get on flights. A Chinese company showed off an AI system it developed to recognize individuals by body s
55、hape and walking movements. The system is already being used by Chinese police in Beijing and Shanghai.In addition, machine learning was used during 2018 to predict results of the World Cup soccer competition. The technology also created artwork that sold for a large amount of money. And it is being
56、 used to help farmers save time and money, while reducing environmentharming chemicals. Other technology systems are being used to follow farm animals and wildlife to collect information on their activities.这是一篇说明文。人工智能和机器学习快速发展，机器在一些比赛中超过了人类。除此以外，机器和人工智能被应用于很多领域。1Why were the two competitions menti
57、oned in the passage?ATo show how much better AI and machine learning are than humans.BTo prove AI and machine learning got more praise for communication.CTo show how powerful AI and machine learning are.DTo prove AI and machine learning have been used in the work of US judges.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知在
58、第一场比赛中，使用人工智能的机器表现得比人类更好；在第二场比赛中，机器人在公开辩论中挑战人类，结果大多数观看者认为机器在提高他们对这门学科的知识方面做得更好。这两个比赛都体现了人工智能和机器学习的强大，选C。2What are facial and body recognition systems used for in the passage?AKnowledge learning. BSafety control.COffice automation. DTracking survey.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据“One fastgrowing area of AI is facial
59、 recognition, which is increasingly being used for security purposes.”可知，人工智能的一个快速发展的领域是面部识别，它越来越多地被用于安全目的。故选B。3What can we infer from this passage?AAI has been widely used in every persons daily life.BHuman can be replaced by AI in future completely.CMore attention is being paid to AI in every part
60、 of the world.DMore advanced AI is helping people in more and more areas.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据“some US judges use machine learning systems to help them decide when，”可知，一些美国法官使用机器学习系统来帮助他们决定罪犯应该被监禁的时间和期限，再根据最后两段可知机器学习和人工智能还被应用于安全监控和预测世界杯足球赛的结果，保护环境等。根据这些可以推断机器在越来越多的领域帮助着人类，故选D。4Where is the text probably f
61、rom?AA technology report. BA natural science magazine.CA science fiction. DA government document.答案：A解析：推理判断题。本文主要是关于人工智能和机器学习的，最有可能是来自于科技报告(A technology report.)，故选A。F(2019石嘴山三中第三次模拟)The world is filled with smart, talented, educated and gifted people. We meet them every day. A few days ago, my car
62、 was not running well. I pulled it into a garage and the young mechanic had it fixed in just a few minutes. He knew what was wrong by simply listening to the engine. I was amazed. The sad truth is, great talent is not enough.I am constantly shocked at how little talented people earn. I heard the oth
63、er day that less than 5 percent of Americans earn more than $100, 000 a year. A business consultant who specializes in the medical trade was telling me how many doctors and dentists struggle financially. It was this business consultant who gave me the phrase, “They are one skill away from great weal
64、th.”There is an old saying that goes, “Job means just over broke” And unfortunately, I would say that the saying applies to millions of people. Because school does not think financial intelligence is intelligence, most workers “live within their means”. They work and they pay the bills. Instead I re
65、commend to young people to seek work for what they will learn, more than what they will earn.When I ask the classes I teach, “How many of you can cook a better hamburger than McDonalds？” Almost all the students raise their hands. I then ask, “So if most of you can cook a better hamburger, how come M
66、cDonalds makes more money than you？” The answer is obvious: McDonalds is excellent at business systems. The reason so many talented people are poor is because they focus on building a better hamburger and know little or nothing about business systems. The world is filled with talented poor people. T
67、hey focus on perfecting their skills at building a better hamburger rather than the skills of selling and delivering the hamburger.本文分析了为什么有那么多有才能的人那么穷，原因是他们只懂得技能，却没有理财知识，缺乏财商。1The author mentions the mechanic in the first paragraph to show that _.Ahe has a sharp sense of hearingBhe is ready to help
68、 othersChe is just one of the talented peopleDhe knows little about car repairing答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据文章前两句“The world is filled with smart, talented, educated and gifted people. We meet them every day.”可知，第一段举例子是为了证明第一句话。所以这位技工是作者遇到的有才能的人之一。故选C。2The underlined part in the third paragraph can be best repla
69、ced by “_”Aspend more than they can affordBdo in their own wayClive in their own circleDlive within what they earn答案：D解析：句意猜测题。根据文章第三段第一句话说“工作意味着仅比破产强一点”以及此段中的“They work and they pay the bills.”可知，画线句子表达的意思是用自己赚的钱维持生活。3Why do talented people earn so little according to the author?AThey lack financia
70、l intelligence.BThey dont work hard enough.CThey dont make full use of their talents.DThey have no specialized skills.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The reason so many talented people are poor is because they focus on building a better hamburger and know little or nothing about business systems.”可知，有才能的人仍然很穷
71、的原因是他们没有考虑商业体系，也就是他们缺乏理财方面的知识或智商。4The main purpose of the author is to tell us _.Ahow young people can find a satisfactory jobBwhat schools should teach studentsChow McDonalds makes much moneyDwhy so many talented people are poor答案：D解析：推理判断题。通读整篇文章，根据文章第一段最后一句以及最后一段的陈述可知，作者的写作意图是为了告诉我们为什么那么多有才能的人都很穷。