1、Section_Learning_about_Language.高频单词点击1shabby (adj.)破旧的；褴褛的shabbiness (n.)邋遢2rainbow (n.)彩虹3acute (adj.)敏锐的acutely (adv.)锐利地acuteness (n.)敏锐，锐利4bent (adj.)弯曲的bend (v.)弯曲 (n.)转弯，弯曲5currency (n.)货币，通货current (adj.)通用的，现在的 (n.)潮流currently (adv.)目前，当前6educator (n.)教育家educate (v.)教育education (n.)教育7acqui
2、sition (n.)获得，习得acquire (v.)获得acquired (adj.)习得的，养成的8ballet (n.)芭蕾舞9album (n.)薄，册；唱片集.常用句型必备I opened the oven to_find_my_daughters_cake_on_fire. .单元语法聚焦The Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气)单词点击1shabby(1)adj.破旧的，褴褛的You looked rather shabby in those clothes.你穿那种衣服看上去很寒酸。He is a tramp in shabby clothes.他是个衣衫褴褛的流浪
3、汉。(2)卑鄙的；不公正的He gave me a shabby excuse.他给了我一个不正当的借口。 (1)The old captain returned _(穿着破旧的衣服)(2)The boss often _(耍卑鄙的手段) on his workers.答案：(1)in shabby clothes(2)plays a shabby trick2acute adj.(1)敏锐的She still has very acute hearing，though she is eighty years old.尽管她已经八十岁了，但她的听觉仍然很灵敏。(2)医急性的，剧烈的My leg
4、s are in acute pain.我的腿痛得厉害。acutely adv.锐利地，剧烈地acuteness n. 敏锐，锐利 (1)He must have felt _ disappointed when his job went to another man.(2)She complained of _ pains in her chest.答案：(1)acutely(2)acute3bent(1)adj.弯曲的；一心的The handle is bent.手柄弯曲了。(2)n.爱好，倾向，天分The girl has a natural bent for music.那女孩天生爱好
5、音乐。bend v& n弯曲，转弯bend (sb.) to. (使某人)屈从于bend down 弯腰bend ones knees 屈膝be bent on (doing) sth. 决心，专心致志干某事He is bent on winning at all costs.他决心不惜一切去争取胜利。The tall man bent down to get into the room.这个高大的男人弯腰进入房间。Well not bend to the will of anyone.我们不会屈从于任何人的意志。 (1)He tried to bend his daughter under
6、his wishes._(2)She is bent to becoming a film star when she grows up._答案：(1)underto(2)toon4acquisition nU取得，获得，习得；C获得物，增添的人(或物)Some people are only interested in the acquisition of wealth.有些人只对获取财富感兴趣。This is the latest acquisition to my library.这本是我最近增添的藏书。acquire vt.取得，获得；学到(知识等)acquired adj. 养成的，
7、习得的He acquired much knowledge of repairing computer.他获得了许多电脑维修知识。With the help of his English teacher，he acquired many good methods of English learning.在英语老师的帮助下他学到了许多英语学习的好方法。 (1)How did he _ the habit of stealing?(2)He is a valuable _ to the team.(3)Abstract art is an _ taste.答案：(1)acquire(2)acqui
8、sition(3)acquired句型归纳I opened the oven to_find my daughters cake on fire.我打开烤箱发现女儿的蛋糕着火了。to find.是不定式短语作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果。常用only修饰。He hurried to school only to find the gate locked.他匆匆赶到学校结果发现大门关着。ving形式作结果状语时，表示自然顺承的结果。He fell from the tree，breaking his left leg.他从树上掉下来，把左腿摔断了。 (1)John hurried to the
9、theatre _(结果发现票已经卖完了)(2)The typhoon hit the coast，_ (使得很多人无家可归)答案：(1)only to find the tickets had been sold out(2)leaving many people homeless虚 拟 语 气虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。一、虚拟语气在条件句中的运用1虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用其主从句的谓语动词形式如下：if条件从句主句与现在事实相反did/wereshould/could/might/ would动词
10、原形与过去事实相反had过去分词should/could/might/ wouldhave done与将来事实相反did/should动词原形/were to动词原形should/could/might/ would动词原形If I were ten years younger，I would start all over again.如果我年轻10岁，我会从头开始的。(与现在事实相反)You might have seen Mr.Smith if you had attended the lecture.如果你参加了讲座，你也许会见到史密斯先生的。(与过去事实相反)If it should
11、rain，we would stay at home.假如明天下雨，我们就待在家里。(与将来事实相反)2虚拟条件句的省略和倒装如果条件句中的if省略，须把条件句中的were，had，should放在条件从句的主语前面，从而构成倒装语序。Had it not been for his help，I couldnt have finished the work in time.要不是他的帮助，我是不会及时完成这个工作的。Were you a bird，you could fly in the sky.如果你是一只小鸟，就能在天空中飞翔了。3错综时间条件句(混合虚拟语气)当虚拟语气的主从句所指的时间
12、不一致时，应该根据各自谓语动词发生的时间采用相应的形式。If you had taken my advice，you would know what to do now.要是那时你听我劝告的话，你现在就知道该做什么了。4含蓄条件句用一个介词短语或分词短语来代替条件句，这就是含蓄条件句。这些词有：without，but for，or，otherwise，with，but，even，in case of等。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.若是多加注意，这些树就会长得更好。Without/But for your help
13、 I couldnt have returned home safely.要不是你的帮助，我是不会安全回家的。He would have gone to the party，but he was ill yesterday.他昨天想去参加宴会，但是那时他病了。The firemen arrived in time.Otherwise the house would have been burnt to the ground.消防队员及时赶到了，不然的话，房子就烧毁了。二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用1宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)表示建议、决定、要求、请求、命令的动词suggest/insist/
14、decide/demand/request/require/ask/beg/order等后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即should动词原形，should可以省略。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.她坚持要预定座位。He demanded that he (should) be told everything.他要求将一切告诉他。温馨提示：suggest作“暗示，表明”和insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”解时，从句要用陈述语气。He insisted that he was not involved in th
15、e case.他坚持认为自己与那个案子没有牵连。(2)wish的宾语从句中虚拟语气有三种，宾语从句中用一般过去时(be动词用were)表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，用would/could/might加动词原形表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。I wish I remembered his Email.我希望我记得他的邮箱地址。I wish I had studied hard.我多么希望我那时学习刻苦。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。(3)would rather后的宾语从句也要用虚拟语气
16、，一般过去时表示与现在将来事实相反，过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。Id rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。Id rather you had passed the exam.我宁愿你通过了考试。(4)It is high/about time that.句型中一般用过去时或should动词原形表示虚拟语气。Its high/about time that children go/should went to school.到了孩子们上学的时候了。2用在主语从句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/required/necessary
17、/important/strange/natural/a pitythat从句，从句中谓语动词用should动词原形，should可省略。It is important that you should come here soon.你快点来很重要。It is suggested that the old man should be sent to hospital immediately.有人建议立即把老人送往医院。3用在表语从句和同位语从句中advice，demand，order，request，suggestion，proposal，requirement，recommendation等名
18、词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用should动词原形，should可省略。Obama issued the order that the troops should withdraw from Iraq.奥巴马命令部队从伊拉克撤军。Their desire was that a treaty should be signed at once.他们的愿望是马上签订协约。4If only后面需要用虚拟语气，句子多用一般过去时或过去完成时。If only I could operate the computer.要是我会操作电脑该多好。If only he had known it.要是他知
19、道这件事该多好。5状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在as if/though引导的方式状语从句中，一般过去时表示与现在事实相反，过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。She loves the boy as if he were her own son.她喜欢这个男孩子就好像他是她的亲儿子一样。(2)在in case that，for fear that，lest引导的条件状语从句中，经常用should动词原形表示虚拟语气。She puts a coat over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.她把一件大衣盖在小孩身上，以免他着凉。 1.(辽宁高考)
20、Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. Awill doBhas doneCdo Ddid 解析：选D考查动词时态。在句型 “Its high time that .”中， 从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或should do，所以选D项。2(福建高考)_ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.AWere there BH
21、ad there beenCIf there are DIf there have been解析：选A考查虚拟语气的倒装句。句意：要不是现代化的电讯，我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。根据would have to 以及句意可知，这是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应用一般过去时；当if从句中有were, had或should时可将if省略，同时将它们提到主语前构成部分倒装，所以选A项。3(浙江高考)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _
22、to our help.Awould have come Bcould comeChave come Dhad come解析：选A考查虚拟语气。句意：我们进行调查研究的那几个月他们刚好在国外，否则他们会来帮忙的。此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气。故选A。4(安徽高考)People are recycling many things which they _ away in the past.Ahad thrown Bwill be throwingCwere throwing Dwould have thrown解析：选D考查虚拟语气。句意：现在人们回收利用很多他们过去会扔掉的东西。根据in t
23、he past可知，说的是过去的情况，对过去的情况的推测，应使用“情态动词完成式”。故选D。5(陕西高考)We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.Awould stay Bhas stayedCstayed Dstay解析：选C考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿女儿和我们待在家里，但是这是她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。would rather“希望，宁愿”，后接从句，从句中常用虚拟语气。谓语用一般过去时来表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟，意为
24、“宁愿，还是好些”。故答案为C。6(浙江高考)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.Awas BbeCwere Dis解析：选B考查虚拟语气。此处考查的是recommend后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，根据语法规则可知，从句中谓语应用“should动词原形”，其中should可以省略，故选B项。.单项填空1He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.Ato have foundBfindingCfound
25、 Dto find解析：选D本题考查结果状语的表示方法。现在分词和不定式都可以表示结果，但现在分词往往表示自然顺承的结果，而不定式多表示出乎意料的结果，本题根据题意分析表示的是出乎意料的结果，因此用不定式作结果状语。2Did you go to the party last night?I do wish I _.I was ill last night.Awent BdidCwere Dhad解析：选D由wish后宾语从句中的last night推出此处表示与过去相反的假设，应用过去完成时had gone，省略了动词。3Look at the trouble I am in! If only
26、 I _ your advice.Afollowed Bwould followChad followed Dshould follow解析：选C本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。句意为：看看我现在有多麻烦！要是我听从了你的劝告就好了。从句中用虚拟语气，表示如果听了你的劝告，我就不会有那么多麻烦了，是一种与过去事实相反的假设，因此用过去完成时。4Doctors in this hospital recommended that the patient _ some light manual labor.Ado BdidCdoing Ddone解析：选A句意：这所医院的医生建议这位病人做一些轻微的体力
27、劳动。recommend“建议”，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should)do形式。5He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he _ a goal.Ahad scored BscoredCwould score Dwould have scored解析：选D本题考查虚拟语气。句意为：在踢球前他犹豫了一会儿，否则他就会射中球门。根据otherwise可以判断出要用虚拟语气；由hesitate可知是过去发生的事，因此要用would have scored。6Though he looked _ in t
28、he old clothes，he was a wealthy man.Ashabbiness BshabbyCrags Drag解析：选Blook shabby/ragged表示看上去寒酸，而rag/rags则表示衣服破烂。7His hearing is _，so he is bent _ becoming a musician.Aacute；to Bacutely；onCacute；on Dacutely；to解析：选Cbe bent on专心于，一心要，而听觉灵敏，用形容词acute。8_ it _ to rain tomorrow，the sports meet would be pu
29、t off until the same time next week.AShould；不填 BIf；shouldCWere；不填 DIf；was going解析：选C将来时的虚拟条件句用were to/should动词原形，if省略，把were或should放在主语之前。故A、B、D不正确。9If we had taken such effective measures much earlier，the river _ so seriously now.Ais not polluted Bwould not be pollutedChad not been polluted Dhasnt b
30、een polluted解析：选B句意：如果我们早采取这些有效的措施，这条河现在就不会被污染得这么严重了。条件从句表示与过去事实相反，而从时间状语now判断，主句表示与现在事实相反，故主句谓语用“would动词原形”。10_ your advice，I would have been caught in the traffic and I wouldnt have been there on time.AIn spite of BBut forCBecause of DAs for解析：选B由主句的would have been caught可知本句是虚拟语气。but for要不是，此处用于含
31、蓄条件句。.完形填空To master a language one must be able to speak and understand the spoken language as well as to read and write it.Lenin and his wife Krupskaya _1_ a long English book into Russian.But when they went to England in 1902，_2_ people couldnt understand a word they said and they couldnt understa
32、nd _3_ was said to them.These days more and more foreigners are coming to China and _4_ Chinese are going out to foreign countries to work or study._5_ the spoken language is becoming more and more important.Speaking，of course，cant go without _6_.If you want to pronounce a word _7_，first you must he
33、ar it correctly.If you dont listen carefully，youll find it difficult or even _8_ to understand the native speakers.Well，what about writing？Like speaking，its to _9_ ideas.People generally use shorter words and shorter sentences in their writing.The important thing is to make your idea _10_ in your he
34、ad and then to write it in clear and lively language.Chinese students read far too slowly.If you read fast，you _11_ better.If you read too slowly，by the time you have reached the end of a page you have forgotten what the _12_ is about.When you _13_ new words，dont look them up in the dictionary.Guess
35、 the meaning from the _14_.You may not guess quite correctly the first time，but as new words _15_ again and again in different contexts，their meaning will become clearer and clearer.If you look up every word，youll never _16_ a book.Students of a foreign language need a _17_ knowledge，the knowledge o
36、f the life，history and geography of the people whose _18_ they are studying.They should study these subjects in the foreign language，not only in translation.In this way one _19_ kill two birds with one stone：learn a foreign language and _20_ some knowledge of the foreign country at the same time.1At
37、aken BkeptCwrote Dtranslated解析：选D根据下文的意思可以判断：列宁和其夫人虽然能将长篇英语书译成俄语，却很难与英国人交流。translate.into.把译成。2AEnglish BRussianCChinese DFrench解析：选A结合上文，他们去的是英国，因此应该是英国人听不懂他们说的英语。3Ahow BwhatCwhy Dwhich解析：选B强调“所说的话”，what与say有逻辑上的动宾关系，而say用的是被动语态，因此what是宾语从句的主语。4Afew BmuchCmore Dsome解析：选C与上文联系可判断应填more。与上文more and m
38、ore相对应。5ASo BButCThen DOr解析：选A上下文之间是因果关系，因此填So。6Alistening BsayingCreading Dwriting解析：选A下文的hear及语篇已给出暗示，另外“听”与“说”相对应。7Awrongly BcorrectlyCquickly Dslowly解析：选B根据下文意思可以判断，要想发音正确，首先得听正确。8Aimportant BimpossibleCimpatient Dimaginable解析：选B由上文的dont listen carefully可以判断：如果不仔细听，是不可能听懂本地人讲话的。9Achange Bexchang
39、eCgive Dknow解析：选Bexchange ideas交流观点，交换看法。10Aclear BcleanCclever Dclose解析：选A根据下文的to write it in clear and lively language可以得出结论。11Aforget BunderstandCreach Dguess解析：选B根据本段大意可知：如果读得快，理解得就会更好。12Aend BbeginningCmiddle Dfront解析：选B根据上文的reached the end of a page可以判断：应该用beginning与end相对应。13Awork on Blook for
40、Cmeet with Dput down解析：选C根据句意：遇到生词，不要急于查词典，应选meet with意为“遇见”。14Awords BdictionaryCcontext Dtopic解析：选C根据下文可知应填“上下文(context)”。句意为：根据上下文来猜测词义。15Ago up Brise upCbring up Dcome up解析：选D句意为：随着生词不断地在上、下文中出现，因此应选come up意为：出现。16Astart BfinishClast Dread解析：选B根据上文可知句意为：如果查阅每个生词，那就不能完成(finish)一本书。17Aparticular BspecialCmain Dcommon解析：选A句意为：学外语的学生需要“特定的”知识。particular特定的；独特的；而special表示“专门的”；C、D两项均不合句意。18Afamily BcountryClanguage Dculture解析：选C由上文可知：学习外语需要了解当地的地理知识。whose作定语修饰language充当study的逻辑宾语。19Ashould BmustCcan Dshall解析：选C句意为：用这种办法一个人能够(can)做到一石二鸟。20Abring BshowCmake Dget解析：选D与本段开头第一句话相呼应，应填get意为“获得；得到”。
