1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家2015山东省章丘市高考英语阅读理解一轮训练（1）及答案阅读理解。Fear plays no part in this latest problem“Im not afraid Ill lose my childrenI wont lose my children. We live together, and nothing, nothing,” she repeats, her voice rising when speaking to Johns lawyer, “will stop me from being with my children. A law
2、? Year, right. Dont disturb me when it comes to my children. You are never going to win. If John wants to see them, I cannot stop him. Hes their fatherI want them to see him! However, his visit in his present condition will disturb the childrens stable (稳定的) life”w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o m John, who has sp
3、ent much of his time in California recently, has only hired a house for himself in Pennsylvania, according to his lawyer. If hed like to stick to a regular life, Id be more than happy to do that， Jane says. The best thing for any child of a divorced (离婚的) parent is a stable life. I want nothing more
4、 than for him to set up a stable life for himself, so that he can be part of making our childrens lives more stable. While matters of money and care wont be settled for weeks, Jane hardly puts her life on hold. Last week the ABC network announced that Jane would return with her own show, Twist of Ja
5、ne, in which she gives advice to other momsJane and her eight children will also return to ABC in a series of Jane Plus 8 specials showing them on various adventuresIts a rest for Janewho insists that she needs her new，busy life to provide for her family“I have to lead such a lifeand Im thankful tha
6、t Ive built it to the top where now I can support my children”she says And whether a bellicose(好斗的)dance judge or a bellicose former wife，Jane plans to keep 0n facing attacks on her “Some people try to knock me downonly to make me more fierce，more protective，more determined to do better，”she says“Go
7、 ahead，take me onThis will just make me stronger”w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o m( ) 1. According to Jane in the first paragraph，the low w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*mA. cant take her children away from herB. cant do anything with the caseC. will best settle the problemD. will disturb her children( ) 2. What does “to do th
8、at” refer to in the second paragraph?A. To live with John. B. To hire a house for John.C. To allow John to see the children w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o m D. To ask John to set up a regular life.( ) 3. What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean? A. Janes life is very difficult. B. Jane conti
9、nues to live as usual.w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o m C. Jane almost cant control her lire D. Jane works very hard to live a happy life.( ) 4. Which word can best describe Jane?w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*mA. Proud B. Fierce C. Determined D. Independent【语篇解读：】本文为记叙文。主要记叙Jane在和丈夫离婚后下决心面对一切困难，争取孩子的抚养权，并在婚后钱财和孩子抚养等问题短期内难以解决
10、的情况下努力生活的故事。1. 答案：C考点：细节理解解析：依据文章第一段第5,6句 “A law? Year, right. Dont disturb me when it comes to my children. You are never going to win.”可知2. 答案：C.解析：根据上一段的 “If John wants to see themHowever, his visit in his present condition ”可知以John现在的状况不适合见孩子们，结合画线词所在句 “if hed like to stick to a regular life”可以推
11、断出如果John生活稳定了Jane允许他见孩子们。3. 答案：B考点：考查学生的推断能力解析：依据第三段首句 “While matters of money and care wont be settled for weeks, Jane hardly puts her life on hold.”此处while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管钱和抚养的问题在几周内难以解决，”划线部分因为Jane几乎不让生活受到影响。因此正确答案为B4.答案：C考点：推理判断题。解析： Jane面对一切压力，坚决要求孩子的抚养权；钱和孩子的抚养短期内不能解决的情况下，努力克服困难维持生活都表现了她的坚强决心。Pa
12、ssage Thirteen (Cryptic Coloring) Cryptic coloring is by far the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence. It is employed for the purpose of attack (aggressive resemblance or anticryptic coloring ) as well as of defense (protective resemblance or procryptic coloring ). The fact that the
13、same method concealment, may be used both for attack and defense has been well explained by T.Belt who suggests as an illustration the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued, which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest th
14、rough a series of generations. Cryptic coloring is commonly associated with other aids in the struggle for life. Thus well-concealed mammals and birds, when discovered, will generally endeavor to escape by speed and will often attempt to defend themselves actively. On the other hand, small animals w
15、hich have no means of active defense, such as large, numbers of insects, frequently depend upon concealment alone. Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance, in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous
16、than their prey. In the case of insectivorous Vertebrata and their prey such differences exist in an exaggerated form. Cryptic coloring, whether used for defense of attack, may be either general or special. In general resemblance the animal, in consequence of its coloring, produces the same effect a
17、s its environment, but the conditions do not require any special adaptation of shape and outline. General resemblance is especially common among the animal inhabiting some uniformly colored expanse of the earths surface, such as an ocean or a desert. In the former, animals of all shapes are frequent
18、ly protected by their transparent blue color, on the latter, equally diverse forms are defended by their sandy appearance. The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast. Thus the black and white stripes of the zebra blend together at a little dist
19、ance, and “their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.” Special resemblance is far commoner than general and is the form which is usually met with on the diversified surface of the earth, on the shores, and in shallow water, as well
20、as on the floating masses of algae on the surface of the ocean, such as the Sargasso Sea. In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular attitudes. Complete stillness and the assumpti
21、on of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land; but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized, and perhaps more important than any other element in the complex method by which concealment is effected. In special resemblance the combination of col
22、oring, shape, and attitude is such as to produce a more or less exact resemblance to some one of the objects in the environment, such as a leaf of twig, a patch of lichen, a flake of bark. In all cases the resemblance is to some object which is of no interest to the enemy or prey respectively. The a
23、nimal is not hidden from view by becoming indistinguishable from its background as in the case of general resemblance, but it is mistaken for some well-know object.In seeking the interpretation of these most interesting and elaborate adaptations, attempts have been made along two lines. The first se
24、eks to explain the effect as a result of the direct influence of the environment upon the individual (G.L.L.Buffon), or by the inherited effects of efforts and the use and disuse of parts (J.B.P.Lamarck). The second believes that natural selection produced the result and afterwards maintained it by
25、the survival of the best concealed in each generation. The former suggestion breaks down when the complex nature of numerous special resemblances is appreciated. Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exac
26、t adoption of a certain elaborate attitude. The latter is instinctive and thus depends on the central nervous system. The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natura
27、l selection, which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival. A few of the chief types of methods by which concealment is effected may be briefly described. The colors of large numbers of vertebrate animals are darkest on the back and become gradually lighter on the sides, p
28、assing into white on the belly. Abbot H. Thayer has suggested that this gradation obliterates the appearance of solidity, which is due to shadow. The color harmony, which is also essential to concealment, is produced because the back is of the same tint as the environment (e. g. earth), bathed in th
29、e cold blue-white of the sky, while the belly, being cold blue-white and bathed in shadow and yellow earth reflections produces the same effects. This method of neutralizing shadow for the purpose of concealment by increased lightness of tint was first suggested by E.B.Poulton in the case of a larva
30、 and a pupa, but he did not appreciate the great importance of the principle. In an analogous method an animal in front of a background of dark shadow may have part of its body obliterated by the existence of a dark tint, the remainder resembling, e.g., a part of a leaf. This method of rendering inv
31、isible any part which would interfere with the resemblance is well know in mimicry.1. The black and white stripes of the zebra are most useful form A. hunters. . nocturnal predatorsC. lions and tigers. C. insectivorous Vertrbrata2. Aggressive resemblance occurs whenA. a predaceous attitude is assume
32、d. special resemblance is utilized.C. an animal relies on speed.D. an animal blends in with its background.3. Special resemblance differs from general resemblance in that the animal relies onA. its ability to frighten its adversary. . speed.C. its ability to assume an attitude. D. mistaken identify4
33、. The title below that best expresses the ides of this passage is A. Cryptic coloration for Protection. . How Animals Survive.C. The uses of Mimicry in Nature. D. Resemblances of Animals.5. Of the following which is the least common?A. protective resemblance. . General resemblance.C. Aggressive rese
34、mblance. D. Special resemblance.Vocabulary1. cryptic 隐藏的，保护的 cryptic coloring 保护色，隐藏色2. predaceous 食肉的，捕食其他动物的。3. vertebrate 脊椎动物门4. tint 色泽，色彩5. zebra 斑马6. Sargasso 果本马尾藻7. twig 嫩枝8. lichen 地衣9. flake 一片10. gradation 等级，层次，分等11. obliterate 涂抹，擦去，使消失12. larva 幼虫，幼体13. pupa 蛹14. mimicry 模仿，拟态15. noct
35、urnal 夜间发生的，夜出的16. insectivorous 食虫的17. procryptic 有保护色的，保护性的 难句译注1. the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued, which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations.参考译文 追捕动物和被追的动物也利用快速的动作。这种快速的运动同
36、样是通过几代更迭，逐渐消除了慢速，而发展到快速顶峰。2. Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance, in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey.参考译文 保护性模仿远比侵犯行模仿要普遍得多，这是和下述的情况想配合的：食肉的（形式）动物，按惯律总是比他们捕食的对象要大而且多得多。3.
37、The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast.参考译文 在惊人的对比中，色泽的综合可能产生外形一致的效果。4. their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.参考译文 （这里指斑马的黑白条）比例正好和在月光下观看贫瘠土地所具有的苍白色泽相吻合。5. In these env
38、ironments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular attitudes.参考译文 在这些环境中，动物的保护色常常得到特定的形状变化和本能的协作，这种本能会使动物采取特定的姿势。6. Complete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part
39、in general resemblance on land; but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized参考译文绝对静态和采取一般姿势在陆地的一般模仿中起很大作用，而在专门模仿中，姿势常常是高度专门化的。7. Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption
40、 of a certain elaborate attitude.参考译文 因此许多类颜色排列成恰当的模式/形式，要求把合适的外形和严格的采用一定的精心设计的姿势相结合。8. The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natural selection, which can accumul
41、ate any and every variation which tends toward survival.参考译文 保护效果是由于所以这些因素确切合作而形成。根据目前科学水平，唯一的解释（此种现象）就是自然选择理论，它可以累积要生存的各种变异/变种。写作方法与文章大意文章以一般到具体的协作和分类方式写作，第一段点出生物界生存竞争中最常用的一种颜色是保护色，保护色可分为两类：进犯（进攻）型和防卫型。一般是防御性保护色多于进攻型。而两种类型都可归纳为一般性模仿和专门（特定）模仿。居住（栖息）在单一色泽的地方的动物，如海洋或沙漠，常采用模仿性保护色如透明的绿色，土色等，而特定摸刚的动物则栖息在
42、多样性的地方，如海岸，浅水，海洋表面等。特定模仿还需要有改变形状姿势之协作，使其看起来像客观环境中的某物，某种身份mistaken identify.第二段涉及有关模仿性的解释的探索，结果为二。一种观点是环境直接影响的结果。第二种是自然选择的结果。当人们理解了许多特定模仿的复杂特性时，第一种解释就不能成立了。这说明保护效果是一切因素合适的外形和某种精心设计的姿势等合作而成。按现在科学水平来解释，只能归之“自然选择”理论，然后是用具体例子来证实。答案祥解1. B. 夜间活动的食肉动物。见难句译注4，斑马的黑白相间颜色的比例正好和月光下所见的贫瘠土地的苍白的色泽相吻合。当然能保护斑马夜间免遭这些食
43、肉动物的袭击。A. 捕获者。 C. 狮子和老虎。 D. 食虫的脊椎动物2. A. 在装成捕食其他动物的姿势时。B. 应该专门模仿。 C. 动物依赖速度。 D. 动物和背景混在一起。3. D. 搞错/认错了动物（身份）（mistaken identify 认错了人之义）。见第一段最后一句话，它不像一般模仿那样，通过动物和背景难以辨别从而从视觉中隐藏起来，它是被误认为某种著名动物。A. 用以吓走它的对手（敌人）的能力。 B. 速度。 C. 采用某种姿势的能力。4. C. 自然界模拟的运动。文章一开始就点命保护色迄今为止生存斗争中最常用的一种颜色，常用于进攻和防卫。保护色常和其他措施相配合，首先提到
44、速度，见难句译注1。然后讲到保护色分类，一般（普通）和特殊（专门）模拟/模仿。第二段解释或说明模拟适应性。第一种解释为环境使然/影响。第二种认为是自然界选择之结果。A. 为了保卫的保护色。 B. 动物是如何存活下来。 D. 动物之模仿性。5. C. 进攻性（侵犯性）模仿。见难句译注2。A. 保护色模仿。 B. 一般性模仿。 D. 专项模仿。【2015高考复习】阅读理解Promotion at work can be good for the pocket.However，it can also be very risky for a persons mental health，accordin
45、g to British researchers from the University of Warwick in Coventry.The new findings go strongly against the common belief that advancement in a career can result in better health because of an increased sense of selfconfidence，life control and overall wellbeing(幸福感 )“Getting a promotion at work is
46、not as great as many people may think.Our research finds that the mental health of managers typically deteriorates after a job promotion and goes beyond merely a shortterm change in a way，”said Chris Boyce, the researcher of the University of Warwick.He also added that they could not find any health
47、 benefits in individuals who had had job promotions.Instead，these people dont go to hospital to have health checks as often as they should，which may be something to worry about rather than celebrate.To find out whether there is a connection between job advancement and physical health，Boyce and his t
48、eam used data from the British Household Panel Survey.The data contained information on nearly 1,000 recently promoted individuals in the United Kingdom.And the data contained information on many aspects of life，including work and selfreported health.After analyzing all the available information，the
49、y discovered that there was no evidence of improved physical health after a job promotion.However，what the researchers did find was evidence of greater mental stress.The experts found that promotion gives people，on average,10 percent more mental stress and up to 20 percent less time to visit their d
50、octors in the event of illness.Matt Smith，a Scottish health expert，said mental stress is caused by working long hours.He said，“When someone is promoted there might be even more pressure to work longer hours and therefore they cant afford the time to care about their health.”【语篇导读】升职会让人精神焕发，信心百倍，还是身体
51、健康受到影响？最新的研究发现升职不但健康受到影响而且精神压力也很大。1According to the text we can learn that work promotion_.Ais traditionally believed to be harmful to peoples healthBdecreases peoples selfconfidence and happinessCgives people more chances to have health checksDcan help raise peoples income to some extent答案D细节理解题。从第
52、一段的第一句Promotion at work can be good for the pocket可知。2The underlined word “deteriorates” in the second paragraph means “becomes_”AsatisfyingBdoubtfulCoptimistic Dworse答案D词义猜测题。联系下句they could not find any health benefits可知。3What do we know from Boyces research?AIt analyzed many aspects of the promote
53、d individuals lives.BIt surveyed 1,000 people in the world.CIt showed how people gained work promotion.DIt proved that work promotion may lead to a shortterm change in health.答案A细节理解题。从第三段的倒数第二句And the data contained information on many aspects of life，including work and selfreported health.可知。4From
54、 the last paragragh we can learn that_.Apeople who are promoted suffer from increased mental stressBthe work after promotion will take up 20 percent of peoples leisure timeCpromoted individuals tend to pay more attention to their healthDpoor health condition makes promoted individuals feel stressed答
55、案A推理判断题。从最后一段第一句However，what the researchers did find was evidence of greater mental stress.可推知。5What is the best title for this text?AWork Promotion Helps Increase SelfConfidence.BWork Promotion Is Actually Bad for Ones Health.CWork Promotion Means Having to Work Harder.DWork Promotion Brings Wealth and Health.答案B主旨大意题。第一段的第二句However，it can also be very risky for a persons mental health是文章的主旨所在。- 10 - 版权所有高考资源网