1、Part Using language动词ed形式作状语【思维导图】名师提醒动词ed形式属于非谓语动词的一种。所谓非谓语动词，就是指在句子中不作谓语的动词。由于非谓语动词不能单独用作谓语，所以从理论上说，它也就没有实际意义上的主语。1动词ed形式是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。 2动词ed形式作状语，相当于状语从句或并列句；通常情况下，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，与主语间为被动关系；该动作表示被动、完成；分词可位于句首和句后；动词ed形式与动词ing形式在句中都可作状语，但有很大区别。一、基础特征感悟【感悟用法】1Satis
2、fied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.2Some medicines，wrongly taken，can kill a person.3Compared with you，I still have a long way to go.4Encouraged by his parents，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.5The patient got off the bed，supported by the nurse.6The cup fe
3、ll down to the ground，broken.【自我总结】1所有句子中动词ed形式都作状语，其逻辑主语都是句子的主语，与主语间为被动含义。2动词ed形式的位置可以在句子开头、中间和末尾。3以上句子中的动词ed形式分别作原因、时间、条件、让步、方式、结果状语。二、主要用法精讲【重点归纳】1动词ed形式作状语的意义动词ed形式作状语来源于状语从句或并列句。可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 表示时间、原因、条件、让步时，动词ed形式可以拓展成相应的状语从句，表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。(1)作时间状语时，相当于when或while等引导的从句。Seen fr
4、om the top of the hill ( When it is seen from the top of the hill)，the school looks like a big garden.(2)作条件状语时，可转换为once，if或unless等引导的从句。Given more attention ( If it was given more attention)，the fire could have been avoided.(3)作原因状语时，可转换为because，as或since等引导的从句。Encouraged ( As she was encouraged) by
5、 the teacher，the girl was very happy.(4)作让步状语时，可转换为though，although 或even if引导的从句。Left ( Although she was left) alone at home，Jenny didnt feel afraid at all.(5)作方式或伴随状语时，常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。Surrounded by his students，the teacher went into the lab.( The teacher was surrounded by his students and he wen
6、t into the lab.)2动词ed形式与主语间的关系通常情况下，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致，也就是说，动词ed形式与句子的主语之间是动宾关系，主语与动词间是被动含义。Encouraged by their teacher，the students worked even harder.受老师的鼓励，学生们学习更努力了。由句子含义可看出，句子主语the students是动词encourage的宾语，即动作的承受者，encourage the students鼓励学生，故主语the students与encourage之间为被动含义。Given another hour，I can
7、 also work out this problem.再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。同样，句子主语I和分词动作give间为被动关系。即学即练1用状语从句替换句中黑体部分Asked why he was late，he went red.United，we stand；divided，we fall.Inspired by what he said，we are determined to study hard.An old man entered，supported by a girl.Wounded，the brave soldier continued to fight.Given a
8、nother chance，Ill do it much better.答案When he was asked why he was lateIf we are united；if we are dividedSince/Because we are inspired by what he saidand he was supported by a girlThough he was woundedIf I am given another chance名师提醒部分动词ed形式来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这类动词ed形式及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某
9、种状态)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着)，stationed(驻扎)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于，专心于)，born in(出身于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦了)，faced with(面对)等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound.因为专心于思考，所以他没有听到那个声音。Born in this beautiful town，he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。名师提醒动词ed形式作状语的位置动词ed形式可放在主句前作状语，后
10、面用逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。He stood there silently，moved to tears. Moved to tears，he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。3动词ed形式作状语表示被动、完成的动作(1)及物动词的动词ed形式既表被动，也表完成。Written in a hurry，this article was not so good!因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。(2)不及物动词的动词ed形式只表完成，不表被动。The boy is gathering fallen leaves(leave
11、s that have fallen)小男孩正在收集落叶。4动词ing形式与动词ed形式作状语的区别动词ing形式作状语与动词ed形式作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系不同。(1)动词ing形式作状语时，动词ing形式所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。He went out，shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。(2)动词ed形式作状语时，动词ed形式所表示的动作与句子主
12、语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Given more encouragement，the boy could have behaved better.如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励，他可能会表现得更好。Asked why he did it，the monitor said it was his duty.当被问及为什么做这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。比较：Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。【名师提醒】选择动词ing形式
13、还是动词ed形式，关键看主句的主语。如果分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用动词ing形式，反之就用动词ed形式。即学即练2单句语法填空Caught(catch) in a heavy rain，he was all wet.Frightened(fright) by the noise in the night，the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room.The hunter walked slowly in the forest，followed(follow) by his wolf dog.Reading(read) carefully，he f
14、ound something he hadnt known before.Not knowing(know) how to operate the machine，they went to the expert for help.Printed(print) white，the house looks bigger.Lying(lie) still in the grass，he heard the sound of the wild.Behaving(behave) yourself，you will get a nice award.单句语法填空1Einstein walked along
15、 the street，lost(lose) in thought.2Done(do) in a hurry，his homework was full of mistakes.3The disc，digitally recorded(record) in the studio，sounded fantastic at the party that night.4Reminded(remind) not to miss the flight at 15：20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.5Surprised(surprise)
16、and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.6Seen(see) from the windows of the classroom，our school is beautiful.7Attracted(attract) by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.8There was a terrible noise following(follow) the sudden burst of light.9
17、Exhausted(exhaust)，they went on running after the robber.10Devoted(devote) to her work，she has no time to travel.同义句转换1Whenever he was asked about it，he could hardly hold back his feelings.Asked_about_it，he could hardly hold back his feelings.2Moved by his speech，many people volunteered to help in t
18、he work.Because_they_were_moved_by_his_speech，many people volunteered to help in the work.3If they had been given more attention，the cabbages could have grown better.Given_more_attention，the cabbages could have grown better.4Beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged.Though_they_we
19、re_beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged.5When they heard the news，they all jumped with joy.Hearing_the_news，they all jumped with joy.6The old man went into the room and supported by his wife.The old man went into the room，supported_by_his_wife.补全句子1Seated_at_the_table，my fath
20、er and I were talking about my job.我和父亲坐在桌子旁边正讨论着我的工作问题。2Laughed_at_by_many_people，he continued his study.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。3Qian Zhongshu was a Chinese scholar and writer，known_for his wisdom and erudition (博学)钱钟书是中国的一位学者和作家，以他的智慧和博学而闻名。4Faced_with_difficulties，we must try to overcome them.面对困难，我们必须设法克服。
